'CALAMITY JANE'
Martha Jane Canary (c.1850-1903)


          Martha Jane Canary, who later came to be known as Calamity Jane, was born in Princeton, Missouri around 1850. Little is known of her early life, but she was said to be wild as a child, and some neighbors didn't want their daughters playing with her, so she happily played with boys and learned how to ride horses. The  family moved to Virginia City, Montana Territory in 1865. She is known to have worked as a scout and teamster for the US Army, and, depending on which stories you believe, she was also a sharpshooter, Pony Express rider, nurse, gambler, prostitute, and gold prospector. Since she traveled extensively, worked odd jobs, and had a flair for exaggeration, many of the details of her life, even those printed in her autobiography, can't be trusted. Everyone agrees, though, that she was a heavy drinking, buckskin- and gun-wearing woman with a great vocabulary for swearing. Calamity Jane
          In her autobiography she claimed to have received the nickname Calamity Jane in Sheridan, Wyoming, from an army captain whose life she saved. The Sheridan Inn, a historic hotel built in 1893, was at one time owned by Buffalo Bill Cody, and it hosted many famous guests, Calamity Jane among them.

          Castle, Montana boomed when silver was discovered in the 1880s. Jane came here with her daughter with the intention of opening a restaurant, but soon grew restless and moved on. She was described as being "real tall and built like a busted bale of hay." In 1893 the silver panic started the town's decline, and by 1939 it was a ghost town. Today a few weathered buildings are all that remain of Castle.

          Crawford, Nebraska was on the stage route from Deadwood, South Dakota to Sidney, Nebraska, and Jane came here in the late 1880s from Deadwood, looking to hire ten dance hall girls for a dance hall in Dakota Territory. She lived in a tent by the railroad tracks during her stay, and today is mentioned on the state historical marker for Crawford. She also had a softer side, working tirelessly as a nurse during a smallpox and dyptheria epidemic in Deadwood, South Dakota in 1878. Her adventures made her legendary in Deadwood, and then the country. She made stage appearances in 1896 as the “famous woman scout,” and appeared in buckskins at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, NY. 

         Calamity Jane made Livingston, Montana her home off and on from 1884 until her death in 1903. She spent much of her time in the nearby mining camps, hanging out with the drinkers and entertaining them with tales of her exploits. She was often impoverished and unhappy during these years, and a newspaper account from 1901 notes that she lost custody of her children to her husband. Jane is quoted as saying, “The Law ain’t givin’ me a square deal -- it never gives a woman a square deal nohow.”

             Calamity Jane died in poverty, buried, at her request, next to her friend "Wild Bill" Hickok. They were not ever lovers, in spite of the claim in her autobiography that they were once wed. Her funeral in 1903 was one of the largest Deadwood had ever seen, her coffin supplied for free by the undertaker, whose life she had saved when he was a boy during the epidemic. She is buried at the historic Mount Moriah Cemetery. Today, Deadwood's literature is not particularly flattering to her, perhaps not surprising given her tough demeanor and reputation for hard drinking and random gun play.

For specific travel information about these sites, check the "Travel Resources" page.

©2001 Kiriyo Spooner

Home Page | About the BookAuthor  |  Sampling of Women  |  Travel Resources  | Links