Tibet

Tibet Txinak 1949an okupatu zuen Tibet, eta gaur egunean Estatu honen barruan Tibet izeneko euskalde ustez autonomo bat dago. Hala ere, Han etniako txinatarrek agintzen dute, ez tibetarrek. Gainera, Tibet historikoak beste eskualde batzuk hartzen ditu Gansu, Qinghai, eta Sichuan probintzietan (ikus mapak). Tibet osoan orain 6 milioi tibetar bizi dira, exilioko iturrien arabera, baina Han txinatarrak gehiago dira jada kolonizazioaren ondorioz (7 milioi)

Tibet China occupied Tibet in 1949. Nowadays there is a province called Autonomous Tibet, but it is ruled by Han Chinese, not Tibetans. Historic Tibet also comprises other areas of Gansu, Qinghai, and Sichuan provinces (see maps). According to exile sources, there are 6 million tibetans now in Tibet, outnumbered by Han colonization (7 million).

Transliterazioez: Pinyin Txinako transliterazio sistema ofiziala da, mundu osoan erabilyzen dena. Era berean, Tibeteko izen "natibo" batzuk Pinyinaren bidez latinizatu dituzte txinatarrek. Putonghua is beste estandar bat da. Txinerazko marka tonalak gehitu ditugu zenbakiak gehituz, ezin baititugu zeinuak HTMLz adierazi. Tibetera transliteratu dugu ingelesezko ohiko eran, kontsonante multzo osoak gordez (ez da hori benetako ahoskera). Kortxete artean [] nazioarteko izen batzuk gehitu ditugu monasterio, ibai eta mendientzat.

Notes on language: Chinese Pinyin is the official Chinese spelling according to the Pinyin romanization system. This includes "native" romanized forms of Tibetan names. Chinese Putonghua is standard Mandarin Chinese in Pinyin romanization including (where available) tonal marks. Tones are numbered instead of appearing as accents due to the limitation of HTML. Tibetan is transliterated using the standard English scheme including all consonant clusters -- not corresponding to the actual pronounciation. Some English forms are given in [] specially for monasteries, rivers and mountains.

Tibet autonomoa / Tibetan Autonomous Region

Chinese Pinyin Pinyin	Chinese Putonghua Putonghua	Tibetan Tibeteraz
Zhongguo [China]	Zhong1guo2	Krung-go; rGya-nag
Xizang [Tibet]	Xi1zang4	Bod
Xizang Zizhiqu [Tibetan Autonomous Region]	Xi1zang4 Zi4zhi4qu1	Bod Rang-skyong-ljongs
Amdo	An1duo1	-
Bainang	Bai2lang3 (Jiao3luo4)	-
Baxoi	Ba1su4 (Bai2ma3)	Tsha-ba sPag-shod
Bomi/Bowo	Bo1mi4 (Zha1mu4)	sPo-bo (sPo-smad)
Burang	Pu3lan2	sPu-rangs (sPu-hreng)
Cona	Cuo4no4 (Xue3xia4)	mTsho-na
Coqên (Maindong)	Cuo4qin2 (Men2dong1)	-
Daglung	Da4long1	sTag-lung
Dagzê (Dêqên)	Da2zi1 (De2qing4)	sTag-'tsher (bDe-chen)
Damxung	Dang1xiong2	'Dam-zhung
Dêngqên	Ding4qing1	sTeng-chen
Dinggyê	Ding4jie2 (Jiang1da2)	gTing-skyes
Doilungdêqên	Dui1long2de2qing4 (Lang3ga1)	sTod-lung bDe-chen
Gamba	Gang1ba1	Gam-pa
Gar	Ga2'er3 (Kun1sa4)	sGar-thog (sGar dgun-sa)
Garyarsa	Ga'eryasha	sGar dbyar-sa
Gêrzê	Gai3ze2	-
Gongbo'gyamda	Gong1bu4jiang1da2	Kong-po rGya-mda'
Gonggar	Gong4a1 (Ji2xiong2)	Gong-dkar
Gonjo	Gong4jiao3	Go-'jo
Gyaca	Jia1cha2 (Zhong4ba1)	Dwags-po rGya-tsha
Gyangzê	Jiang1zi1	rGyal-rtse
Gyirong (Zongga)	Ji2long2 (Zong1ga1)	sKyid-grong (lJongs-dga', rDzong-dga')
Kangmar	Kang1ma1	Khang-dmar
Lhari	Jia1li2	Lha-ri-mgo
Lhasa	La1sa4	Lha-sa
Lhazê	La1zi1	Lha-rtse
Lhorong	Luo4long2	Lho-rdzong
Lhozhag	Luo4zha1	Lho-brag
Lhünzê	Long2zi1	Lhun-rtse
Lhünzhub (Poindo)	Lin2zhou1 (Song1pan2)	Lhun-grub (Phu-mdo)
Mainling	Mi3lin2	-
Maizhokunggar	Mo4zhu2gong1ka3	Mal-gro gung-dkar
Markam (Gartok)	Mang2kang1 (Zhu2ka4)	dMar-khams (Sam-pho Gru-kha)
Nagarzê	Lang4ka3zi3	sNa-dkar-rtse
Nagqu	Na4qu1 (Hei1he2)	Nag-chu
Namling	Nan2mu4lin2	rNam-gling
Nêdong	Nai3dong1	sNe'u-gdong
Ngamring	Ang2ren2	Ngam-ring
Nyalam	Bie4la1mu4	Nya-lam
Nyingchi	Lin2zhi1	-
Qamdo	Chang1du1	Chab-mdo
Qonggyai	Qiong1jie2	'Phyong-rgyas
Qüxü	Qu1shui3	Chu-shul
Rinbung	Rin2bu4	Rin-spungs
Riwoqê	Lei4wu1qi2	Ri-bo-che
Rutog	Ri4tu3	Ru-thog
Sa'gya	Sa4jia1	Sa-skya
Saga (Gya'gya)	Sa4ga2 (Jia1jia1)	Sa-dga'
Shiquanhe	Shi1quan2he2	Seng-ge rdzong
Sog Xian	Suo3 xian4	Sog rdzong
Tingri (Xêgar)	Ding4ri4 (Xie2ge2'er3)	Ding-ri (Shel-dkar)
Xigazê	Ri4ka4ze2	gZhis-ka-rtse
Yadong/Chomo	Ya4dong1	sNa-gdong
Yangbajain	Yangbajing	Yangs-pa-can
Zanda (Toling)	Zha1da2 (Tuo1lin2)	mTho-lding
Zayü (Gyigang)	Cha2yu2 (Ji2gong1)	rDza-yul
Zêtang (Zedang)	Ze2dang1	rTse-thang
Zhag'yab	Cha2ya3	Brag-g.yab
Zogang/Wangda	Zuo3gong4	Tsha-ba mDzo-sgang
* Monatstegiak / *Monasteries
[Drepung, Lhasa]	Zhe2bang4 Si4	'Bras-spungs dgon-pa
[Ganden, Lhasa]	Ga1ndan1 Si4	dGa'-ldan dgon-pa
[Jokhang, Lhasa]	Da4zhao1 Si4	Jo-khang
[Norbulinka, Lhasa]	Luo2b4lin2ka3	Nor-bu-gling-kha
[Potala, Lhasa]	Bu4da2la1 Gong1	Gru-'dzin gnyis-pa
[Ramoche, Lhasa]	Xiao3zhao1 Si4	Ra-mo-che dgon-pa
[Samye]	Sang1ye2 Si4	bSam-yas
[Sera, Lhasa]	Se4la1 Si4	Se-ra dgon-pa
[Tashilhunbo, Xigazê]	Zha2shi2lun2bu2 Si4	bKra-shis-lhun-po dgon-pa
* Ibaiak / * Rivers
Jinsha Jiang [Yangtze]	Jinsha Jiang	'Bri-chu
Lancang Jiang [Mekong]	Lan2cang1 Jiang1	rDza-chu
Maquan He/Damqog Kanbab	Maquan He	rTa-mchog Kha-'bab
Nu Jiang [Salween]	Nu4 Jiang1	dNgul-chu
Shiquan He [Indus]	Shi1quan2 He2	Seng-ge Kha-'bab
Xiangquan He [Sutlej]	Xiangquan He (Langchu He)	gLang-chen Kha-'bab
Yarlung Zangbo Jiang [Brahmaputra]	Ya3lu3zang4bu4 Jiang1	Yar-klung-gtsang-po
* Lakuak / * Lakes
Bangong Co	Bangong Hu	sPang-gong mTsho
Gyaring Co	Jiaren Cuo	sKya-rengs mTsho
La'nga Co	Lanjia Cuo	Lang-ngar mTsho
Mapam Yumco [Manasarowar]	Mafamucuo Hu	Ma-pham g.Yu-mtsho
Nam Co [Tengrinor]	Namu Hu	gNam-mtsho
Siling Co	Qilin Cuo	Zi-ling mTsho
Yamzho Yumco [Yamdrok Tso]	Yangzhuoyong Hu	Yar-'brog g.Yu-mtsho
* Mendiak / * Mountains
Gangdisê Shan	Gang3di3si1 Shan1	Gangs-dkar-ti-si
Himalaya Shan	Ximalaya Shan	Hi-ma-la-ya
Kangrinboqê Feng	Gang3di3si1 Shan1	Gangs-rin-po-che
Kula Gangri	Gong1la1kang1li3 Shan1	Ku-la-gangs-ri
Kunlun Shan	Kun1lun2 Shan1	Khu-nu-la
Nyainqêntanglha Feng	Nian4qing1tang2gu3la1 Shan1	gNyan-chen-thang-lha
Qing Zang Gaoyuan	Qingzang Gaoyuan	Byang-thang
Qomolangma Feng [Everest]	Zhu1mu4lang1ma3 Feng1	Jo-mo-rlung-ma

GANSU

Gansu Province	Gan1su4 Sheng3	-
Jonê	Zhuo2ni2	Cho-ne
Lintan (Taozhou)	Lin2tan2 (Tao2zhou1)	Tho-gro'u
Têwo	Die2bu4	The-bo
Xiahe (Labrang)	Xia4he2 (La1bu3leng2)	bSang-khog (bLa-brang)

QINGHAI

Qinghai Province	Qing1hai3 Sheng3	mTsho-sngon Zhing-chen
Da'er Si [Kumbum, in Huangzhong]	Da2'er3 Si4	sKu-'bum
Golog Zangzu Zizhizhou [Golog Tibetan Autonomous Area]	Guo3luo4 Zang4zu2 Zi4zhi4zhou1	mGo-log Bod-rigs Rang-skyong-khul
Hei He	Hei1 He2	Nag-chu
Huang He [Ibai Horia / Yellow River]	Huang2 He2	Tsong-chu
Huangzhong	Huang2zhong1	Tsong-kha
Longwu (Tongren)	Long2wu4 (Tong1ren2)	Rong-po
Qinghai Hu [Kokonur]	Qing1hai3 Hu2	mTsho-sngon
Xining	Xi1ning2	Zi-ling

SICHUAN

Sichuan Province	Si4chuan1 Sheng3	Se-khron Zhing-chen
Aba (Ngawa)	A1ba4	lNga-ba
Baili	Bai2li4	Pi-ri
Baiyü	Bai2yu4	sPa-yul
Batang	Ba1tang2	'Ba'-thang
Chuosijia	Chuo4si1jia3	Khro-skyab
Danba (Rongzhag)	Dan1ba1	Dam-pa
Dêgê	De2ge2	sDe-dge
Garzê	Gan1zi1	dKar-mdzes
Garzê Zangzu Zizhizhou [Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Area]	Gan1zi1 Zang4zu2 Zi4zhi4zhou1	dKar-mdzes Bod-rigs Rang-skyong-khul
Kangding (Dardo)	Kang1ding1 (Da3jian4lu2)	Dar-mdo (Dar-rtse-mdo)
Litang	Li3tang2	Li-thang
Luhuo (Zhaggo)	Lu2huo4 (Jiang1ku3)	Brag-mgo
Qianning (Gartar)	Qian2ning2 (Ga2da2)	mGar-thar
Xinlong (Nyagrong)	Xin1long2	Nyag-rong
Zhuqing	Zhu2qing4	rDza-chu
Zoigê	Ruo4'er3gai4	mDzo-dge

Laguntzaile / Data provided by: Thomas Tvegaard

Eguneratua / Updated: 1997-9-20

Loturak / Links: http://www.tibet-society.org.uk

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