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0431: Death of St. Paulinus of Nola
1101: Death of Roger I of Sicily
1276: Death of Pope Innocent V
1340: Edward III, King of England, sails for Flanders with his army
1483: Dr. Ralph Shaw preaches against Richard III of England's coronation
1527: Death of Machiavelli
1533: Suleiman "The Lawgiver," Ottoman Sultan, signs a peace
treaty with Ferdinand of Hapsburg, King of Hungary
1535: Execution of Bishop Fisher
1535: Execution of St. John of Rochester
1558: The French take Thionville
1559: Marriage of Philip II, King of Spain, to Elizabeth of Valois
1564: Rene de Goulaine de Laudonniere founds Fort Caroline, Florida
1590: Catharine Ross, Lady Foullis, indicted with Hector Munro, in
Scotland, for witchcraft
1611 Henry Hudson set adrift (and 8 men) in Hudson Bay during mutiny.
1627: Beheading of Francois de Montmorency Bouteville, for dueling
1808 Zebulon Pike reaches his peak. (Pikes Peak)
1815: Napoleon Bonaparte abdicated as Emperor of France second time.
1847: The doughnut is invented.
1849: Stephen C. Massett opens at San Francisco courthouse as first
professional entertainer, using the (allegedly) only piano in California.
1851: Fire destroys part of San Francisco.
1870: Dept of Justice cabinet-level federal agency founded
1878: Bizet's "Carmen" received its first British performance in
London and was Well-received, three years and three months after its
chilly reception at the world premiere in Paris.
1910: First airship passengers fly aboard the zeppelin Deutscheland.
1911: King George V of England crowned.
1924: William Walton's brief tone poem "Portsmouth Point" was
premiered in Zurich.
1937: Joe Lewis, heavyweight pugilist, becomes world champion as he knocks
out Max Schmeling in the first round.
1940: France fell to Germany in World War II.
1941: Germany invaded the Soviet Union during World War II.
1944: FDR signs the "GI Bill of Rights" (Servicemen's
Readjustment Act).
1970: President Nixon signs the 26th Amendment (voting age now 18).
1973: President Nixon and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev signed a pledge to
try to avoid nuclear war.
1977: John Mitchell became the first former U.S. attorney general to go to
jail when he entered a federal prison to serve time for Watergate crimes.
(19 month sentence in an Alabama prison.)
1981: Mark David Chapman pleads guilty to killing ex-Beatle John Lennon.
1983 :First time a satellite is retrieved from orbit, by Space Shuttle.
1987: Actor/Dancer Fred Astaire dies.
1989: The government of Angola and the anti-Communist rebels of the UNITA
movement agreed to a formal truce in their 14-year-old civil war.
1990: African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela
told the United Nations a democratic, nonracial South Africa was
"within our grasp."
1991: An estimated 200,000 Albanians turned out in the capital Tirana to cheer visiting US Secretary of State James Baker.
1993: The London Philharmonic under the direction of Franz Welser-Most
recorded an all Stravinsky disc for EMI. It includes the "Symphonies
of Winds" and the "Firebird."
1993: Former first lady Pat Nixon died in Park Ridge, New Jersey, at age
81.
1994: President Clinton announced North Korea had confirmed its
willingness to freeze its nuclear program.
1994: In game seven of the NBA championship series, the Houston Rockets
defeated the New York Knicks 90-84 to win the NBA crown.
1995: House and Senate Republicans announced agreement on a compromise
seven-year budget-balancing plan that would cut taxes by $245 billion and
slow spending for Medicare, Medicaid and dozens of other programs.
1995: Riot police stormed a hijacked jumbo jet in Hakodate, Japan, freeing
all 364 people on board and capturing a lone hijacker.
1996: At their first summit in six years, Arab leaders meeting in Cairo,
Egypt, urged Israel to prove its commitment to peace by resuming
negotiations without delay
1998: The Supreme Court made it much harder for students who are sexually
harassed by teachers to hold school districts financially responsible,
ruling 5-to-4 that a key anti-bias law applies only if administrators know
about the misconduct.
1998: Actress Maureen O'Sullivan died in Scottsdale, Arizona, at age 87.
1999: President Clinton visited ethnic Albanian refugees
at a refugee camp in Macedonia.
1999: The Supreme Court ruled the Americans with
Disabilities Act does not extend to people with poor eyesight or other
correctable conditions.
2000: The state of Texas executed Gary Graham for the 1981 killing of a man in a holdup outside a Houston supermarket; Graham insisted to the end that he was innocent.
2000: Independent Counsel Robert Ray ended his investigation of the 1993 firings in the White House travel office, issuing no indictments but saying he'd found "substantial evidence" that First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton played a role in the dismissals.
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