RISE AND FALL OF ANCIENT EGYPT
About 3100 BC Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt; invention of hieroglyphic writing; Protodynastic Period begins.
About 2686 BC End of Protodynastic Period; start of the Old Kingdom (q.v).
About 2650 Imhotep builds the Step Pyramid of Zoser.
About 2560 Construction of the Giza pyramids and the Sphinx.
2181 End of Old Kingdom (q.v); papyrus already in use; civil wars.
1991 Start of Middle Kingdom (q.v).
1786 Middle Kingdom (q.v) collapses in the face of invasions from the east.
1567 Beginning of New Kingdom (q.v) as invaders are repulsed.
About 1450 Egyptian empire extends from Sudan to Syria.
About 1378 Akhenaten ( ruled about 1378 - 1362 ), a pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, introduces monotheism, worship of a single god.
1200 - 1100 Libyan incursions; decline of the pharaohs' power.
1085 End of New Kingdom (q.v).
About 940 Egypt reunited under Libyan kings.
746 Nubian kings conquer Egypt; Assyria makes incursions and becomes steadily more influential.
About 620 Psamtik I ( ruled about 663 - 609 ), a 26th dynasty pharaoh, breaks with Assyria; Egyptian independence reasserted.
525 Persian empire absorbs Egypt.
404 Independence restored.
341 Persian rule restored.
332 Alexander the Great conquers Egypt.
305 Ptolemy I (ruled about 305 - 285 ) comes to the throne; library at Alexandria founded.
285 Ptolemy II ( ruled about 285 - 246 ) comes to the throne; Pharos lighthouse - one of the seven wonders of the world - built at Alexandria ( about 270 ).
47 Cleopatra ( about 47 - 30 ) takes over the throne with the help of Julius Caesar.
30 Cleopatra commits suicide; Egypt becomes a province of the Roman empire.

THREE KINGDOMS OF THE NILE.
Egypt before the pharaohs consisted of two countries, Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Upper Egypt was the southern part, south of Thebes. Lower Egypt included the Nile delta and the cities of Memphis and Alexandria. The settlement of Egypt seems to have originated in the south, a land of extensive green plains and forests. These changed to desert with a change in climate, and the population gradually moved north up the fertile Nile Valley. Historians divide the history of ancient Egypt into three main periods, or kingdoms. The time between unification of the country in about 3100 BC and the start of the Old Kingdom is known as the Protodynastic Period. (I'm trying to find details of the pharaohs or rulers that reigned during each of the following 'Kingdoms' but having difficulty obtaining them. Axiompc.)
From - To ( BC )
        Old Kingdom 2686 - 2181 BC
        Middle Kingdom 1991 - 1786 BC
        New Kingdom 1567 - 1085 BC
The three kingdoms were separated by periods of foreign domination and civil disorder.

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