FINLAND
See also CITY OF HELSINKI THE ÅLANDS THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OF FINLAND THE ORTHODOX CHURCH OF FINLAND ROMAN CATHOLIC HIERARCHY IN FINLAND 1871 - 1945
RUSSIAN FINLAND
GRAND DUCHY OF FINLAND
Finland was conquered by Sweden in the course of the 12th and 13th centuries. Originally it had its own administration, but at the start of the 19th century it was governed as a part of Sweden. Russian penetration in Finland started in 1710 when the city of Vyborg was occupied and became the center of the Russian government of Finland established in 1802. The rest of Swedish Finland was conquered by Russia in 1808 and formally ceded by Sweden by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn in 1809. The newly conquered territory was organized as a separate Grand Duchy, united with Russia in a personal union only. (1) During the 19th century the Finnish selfgovernment was fairly well respected. But after 1899 this situation changed and by 1914 Finland had in fact become a Russian dependency. (2) (1) The Russian government of Finland was annexed to the Grand Duchy in 1811. (2) Russian interventions in Finnish Affairs included : 1899 : The Emperor toke direct control over Finnish affairs. 1901 : The Finnish army was integrated into the Russian. 1903 : The Governor - General toke direct control over Finnish affairs. Separate Finnish military administration was abolished. 1905 : Brief restoration of selfgovernment 1908 : The Russian Council of Ministers toke direct control over Finnish affairs. 1910 : Direct control over Finnish affairs passed to the Duma, the Russian parliament. 1914 : instoration of a military government for the duration of the war. As a consequence of this policy a Finnish Committee (President : Johannes Sundwall) was set up in Germany and some Finnish volunteers enrolled in the Prussian army. __________________________________________________________________________________HEADS OF STATE
Grand Dukes of Finland Suomen Suuriruhtinaat Storfurstar över Finland 1809 - 1917 The Emperors of Russia __________________________________________________________________________________MINISTERS FOR FINNISH AFFAIRS
Committee for Finnish Affairs Suomen Asiain Komitea ... 1857 - 1861 Gen. Platon Ivanovich Rokassovsky 1800 - 1869 1857 - 1874 Frans Olof af Brunér 1807 - 1874 1857 - 1876 Carl Emil Knut, Friherr Stjernwall-Walleen 1806 - 1890 1867 - 1891 Vasili Stepanov 1815 - 1893 1869 - 1882 Bernhard Indrenius 1812 - 1884 1874 - 1880 Wilhelm Forsman 1816 - 1880 1876 - 1880 Wolter Casimir Palmroth 1826 - 1880 1880 - 1882 Karl Gustaf Ehrström 1822 - 1886 1882 - 1888 Johan Casimir Ehrnroth 1833 - 1913 1882 - 1888 Viktor Georg Gustaf Gabriel von Haartman 1830 - 1895 1882 - 1888 Carl Adolf Theodor Sederholm 1824 - 1911 1888 - 1891 LtGen. Christian Theodor Oker-Blom 1822 - 1900 1888 - 1891 Robert August Montgomery 1834 - 1898 1889 - 1891 Woldemar Carl von Daehn 1838 - 1900 Ministers - Secretaries of State for Finland Suomen Ministerivaltiosihteerit Ministerstatssekretare i Finland (Defended Finnish interests in the Russian capital) 1841 - 1876 Alexander (Gustavovich), Graf Armfelt 1794 - 1876 1876 - 1881 Carl Knut Emil, Friherr Stjernvall-Walleen s.a. 1881 - 1888 Theodor (Fedor Antonovich), Freiherr (1883) von Bruun 1821 - 1888 1888 - 1891 Johan Casimir Ehrnroth s.a. 1891 - 1898 Woldemar Carl von Daehn s.a. 1898 - 1899 Victor Napoleon Procopé 1839 - 1906 1899 - 1904 Vyacheslav Konstantinovich von Plehwe 1846 - 1904 1904 - 1905 Edvard (Andreievich) Oeström 1862 - 1922 1905 Constantin Linder 1836 - 1908 1905 - 1906 Edvard (Andreievich) Oeström* (2x) 1906 - 1913 Carl Frederik August, Friherr (1912) Langhoff 1856 - 1929 1913 - 1917 Vladimir Ivanovich Markov 1859 - 1919 __________________________________________________________________________________RUSSIAN ADMINISTRATORS
Governors General Kenraalikuvernöörit Generalguvernörer 1831 - 1855 Adm. Aleksandr Sergeyevich, Knyaz Menshikov 1787 - 1869 1855 - 1861 GenFieldmarsh. Fredrik Wilhelm Rembert Graf von Berg 1794 - 1874 1861 - 1866 Gen. Platon Ivanovich Rokassovsky s.a. 1866 - 1881 Gen. Nikolay Vladimirovich Graf von Adlersberg 1810 - 1892 1881 - 1897 Gen. Friedrich (Fedor Loginovich) Graf von Heyden 1821 - 1900 1897 - 1898 Gne. Stepan Osipovich Goncharov* 1831 - 1912 1898 - 1904 Gen. Nikolay Ivanovich Bobrikov, assassinated 1839 - 1904 1904 Gen. Nikolay Matveyevich Turbin* 1831 - 1904 - 1905 Gen. Ivan Mikhailovich, Knyaz Obolensky 1853 - 1910 1905 Gen. Anton Baron von Saltza* 1843 - 1916 1905 - 1908 Nikolay Nikolayevich Gerhard (Gerard) 1838 - 1929 1908 - 1909 Gen. Woldemar (Vladimir Alekseyevich) Boeckman 1848 - 1923 1909 - 1917 MajGen. Franz Albert (Franc Aleksandrovich) von Seyn, deposed by the Russian military at the outbreak of the February Revolution 1862 - 1918 __________________________________________________________________________________SENATORS
The Imperial Finnish Senate was the highest governing body of the Grand Duchy. It was divided into two departments : - the Judicial Department, responsible for judicial affairs and in fact a High Court - the Economic Department, responsible for administrative affairs and in fact the government of the Grand Duchy. The Senate as a whole was chaired by the Russian Governor-General, while each of the departments was headed by a vice-chairman, the vice-chairman of the Economic Department being a kind of prime minister. Leading Senators of the Economic Department/Prime Ministers Vice - Chairmen of the Economic Department of the Senate Taloussosaston Varapuheenjohtajat Viceordföranden för Ekonomiedepartementet 1841 - 1858 Lars Gabriel von Haartman 1789 - 1859 1858 - 1882 Johan Mauritz, Baron Nordenstam 1802 - 1882 1882 - 1885 Edvard Gustaf af Forselles 1817 - 1891 1885 - 1891 Gustaf Axel Samuel von Troil 1833 - 1900 1891 - 1900 Sten Carl Tudeer 1840 - 1905 1900 - 1905 Constantin Linder s.a. 1905 Emil Streng 1838 - 1911 1905 - 1908 Leopold Henrik Stanislaus Mechelin 1839 - 1914 1908 - 1909 Edvard Immanuel Hjelt 1855 - 1921 1909 August Johannes Hjelt* 1862 - 1919 1909 - 1913 Vladimir Ivanovich Markov s.a. 1913 - 1917 Mikhail Borovitinov deposed by the Russian military after the outbreak of the February Revolution 1874 - 19.. Senators - Heads of the Section for Defence Sotilastoimituskunnan Päälliköt Chefer för Militie-Expedition (this section existed until 1841 and since 1858) 1858 - 1859 Casimir von Kothen 1807 - 1880 1859 - 1862 Robert Trapp 1802 - 1875 1862 - 1882 Sten Knut Johan Furuhjelm 1813 - 1892 1882 - 1888 LtGen. Christian Theodor Oker-Blom s.a. 1888 Georg von Alfthan 1828 - 1896 1888 - 1891 Viktor Napoleon Procopé s.a. 1891 - 1894 MajGen. Carl Otto Gabriel Melan 1839 - 1920 1894 - 1896 August Alexander Järnefelt 1833 - 1896 1896 - 1898 LtGen. Otto Victorinus Gadd 1831 - 1898 1898 - 1900 Fredrik Waldemar Schauman 1844 - 1911 1900 - 1903 MajGen. Michael Leonard von Blom 1856 - 1919 1903 : Section abolished. Senaotors - Heads of the Sections for Home Affairs and Justice Senators - Heads of the Section of the Chancellery of the Senate Senaatin Kansliatoimituskunnan Päälliköt Chefer for Senaten-Kansliexpedition (in charge of administrative and judicial affairs) 1840 - 1854 Lars Sackleen 1788 - 1870 1854 - 1865 Mauritz Wilhelm Nordenheim 1807 - 1872 1865 - 1866 Johan August von Born 1815 - 1878 1866 - 1869 Samuel Henrik Antell 1810 - 1874 1869 : Section abolished and replaced by the Section of Civil Affairs (s.b.) 1888 : Section restored but now mainly concerned with judicial affairs. 1888 - 1891 Johan Gustaf Sohlman 1837 -1908 1891 - 1892 Johannes Grippenberg 1842 - 1893 1892 : Section again abolished and replaced by a Section for Justice (s.b.) Senators - Heads of the Section for Civil Affairs Siviilitoimituskunnan Päälliköt Chefer för Civil-Expedition 1869 - 1874 Samuel Henrik Antell s.a. 1875 - 1882 Albert Werner Nykopp 1826 - 1882 1882 LtGen. Christian Theodor Oker-Blom s.a. 1882 - 1884 Lars Theodor von Hellens 1826 - 1896 1884 - 1885 Carl Gustaf Mortimer von Kraemer 1817 - 1898 1885 - 1889 Woldemar Carl von Daehn s.a. 1889 - 1891 Sten Carl Tudeer s.a. 1891 - 1893 Gustaf Axel Samuel von Troil s.a. 1893 - 1897 Waldemar Eneberg 1840 - 1904 1897 - 1900 Hjalmar Georg Palin 1848 - 1907 1900 - 1905 Edvard Boehm 1841 - 1919 1905 - 1908 Frans Hugo Lilius 1860 - 1936 1908 - 1909 Kaarlo Castrén 1860 - 1938 1909 - 1912 Vladimir Ivanovich Markov s.a. 1912 - 1913 Ernesti Rikard Rainesalo* 1864 - 1921 1913 - 1917 Mikhail Fedorovich Ganskau 1867 - 19.. Senators - Heads of the Section for Justice Oikeustoimituskunnan Päälliköt Chefer för Justitie-Expedition 1892 - 1897 Carl August Nybergh (1896 : af Nyborg) 1833 - 1927 1897 - 1904 Waldemar Eneberg s.a. 1904 - 1905 Daniel Woldemar Åkerman 1841 - 1919 1905 - 1909 August Nybergh 1851 - 1920 1910 - 1913 Felix Florentin Saarkoski* 1857 - 1920 1913 - 1914 Konstantin Ivanovich Kasansky* 1867 - 19.. 1914 - 1917 Vsevolod Stepanovich Baranovsky* 1853 - Senators - Heads of the Section for Finances Valtiovaraintoimituskunnan Päälliköt Chefer för Finans-Expedition 1840 - 1858 Lars Gabriel von Haartman s.a. 1858 - 1863 Carl Fabian Theodor Langenskiöld 1810 - 1863 1863 - 1868 Johan Vilhelm Snellman 1806 - 1881 1868 - 1871 Robert von Trapp s.a. 1871 - 1897 Clas Herman Molander 1817 - 1897 1897 - 1900 Gustaf Robert Albert Charpentier 1839 - 1914 1900 Henrik Willehad Åkerman 1841 - 1919 1900 - 1905 Edvard Rudolf Neovius 1851 - 1917 1905 Ernst Fredrik Neovius 1837 - 1932 1905 - 1906 Per Kasten Samuel Antell 1845 - 1906 1906 - 1908 Carl Theodoor Alexander Wegelius 1850 - 1932 1908 - 1909 Juhi Kusti Paasikivi 1870 - 1956 1909 - 1917 Victor Bernhard Hedlund* 1853 - 1922
RUSSIAN FINLAND 1917
After the February Revolution, the autonomy of Finland was restored by the Russian Provisional Government. (3) (3) As elsewhere in the Russian Empire, the legal government of Finland saw its authority contested by soviets and committees set up by (Russian) soldiers and (mostly Finnish) workers. The most important of these was the Central Committee of the Baltic Fleet (Tsentrobalt : Tsentrobaltna Komitet Baltiiskaya Flota) set up by Russian sailors and dominated by the Bolsheviks Chairmen of Tsentrobalt 1917 Pavel Efimovich Dybenko 1889 - 1938 1917 Vladimir Aleksandrovich Antonov-Ovseenko 1884 - 1939 1917 - 1918 Ivan Timofyevich Smilga 1889 - __________________________________________________________________________________HEADS OF STATE
In this period Finland had no Head of State. Grand Ducal authority was successively exercised by : - the Russian Provisional Government (after the proclamation of the Republic) - a triumvirate (after the October Revolution) consisting of : Alexis Grippenberg 1852 - 1927 Juhi Kusti Paasikivi s.a. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud 1861 - 1944 - the President of the Diet, Otto Johannes Lundson 1867 - 1939 - the Finnish Senate headed by Pehr Evind Svinhufvud d.a. __________________________________________________________________________________MINISTERS FOR FINLAND
Commissars for Finnish Affairs ... 1917 Fedor Ismailovich Rodichev* 1854 - 1923 1917 Carl Johann Alexis Enckell, went into hiding after the October Revolution 1876 - 1959 __________________________________________________________________________________RUSSIAN CHIEF ADMINISTRATORS
Governors - General Kenraalikuvernöörit Generalguvernörer 1917 Adam Iosipovich Lipsky, deposed 1860 - 1917 none (4) 1917 Mikhail Aleksandrovich Stachovich, resigned at the proclamtion of the republic 1861 - 1923 1917 Nikolay Vissarionovich Nekrasov, resigned after the October Revolution (5) 1879 - 1918 (4) Power was briefly taken over by Adm. Adrian Ivanovich Nepenin (18.. - 1917), Commander of the Baltic Fleet (5) Tsentrobalt appointed a new Governor-General, Juhana "Jukka" Rahja (1887- 1920), to represent the Soviet Government, but he was not recognized by the Finnish authorities and had no power. __________________________________________________________________________________SENATORS
Leading Senators of the Economic Department/Prime Ministers Vice - Chairmen of the Economic Department of the Senate Taloussosaston Varapuheenjohtajat Viceordföranden för Ekonomiedepartementet 1917 Andrei Virenius 1850 - 1919 1917 Antii Oskari Tokoi 1873 - 1963 1917 Eemil Nestor Setälä* 1864 - 1935 1917 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (6) s.a. (6) Not recognised by leftist groups and parties, who tried to set up their own government headed by Tokoi. Senators for Home Affairs Heads of the Section for Civil Affairs Siviilitoimituskunnan Päälliköt Chefer för Civil-Expedition 1917 Mikhail Fedorovich Ganskau s.a. 1917 Carl Allan Serlachius 1854 - 1925 Head of the Section of Home Affairs Sisäasiaintoimituskunnan Päällikkö Cher för Inrikens-Expedition 1917 Johan Arthur Castrén 1866 - Senators for Justice Heads of the Section for Justice Oikeustoimituskunnan Päälliköt Chefer för Justitie-Expedition 1917 Vsevolod Stepanovich Baranovsky* s.a. 1917 Antii Agaton Tulenheimo 1879 - 1952 1917 Onni Eugen Aleksander Talas 1877 - 1958 Senators for Finances Heads of the Section for Finances Valtiovaraintoimituskunnan Päälliköt Chefer för Finans-Expedition 1917 Victor Bernhard Hedlund* s.a. 1917 Väinö Alfred Tanner 1881 - 1966 1917 Juhani Arajärvi 1881 - 1956
INDEPENDENT FINNISH STATE 1917 - 1919
At the end of 1917 Finland declared its independence. After this tensions between the legal government and the leftist groups rapidly grew and at the beginning of 1918 the leftists (so-called "Reds") - supported by Tsentrobalt, which till then had been more or less neutral - started an open revolt. They quickly conquered a large part of the country, driving the legal government (so-called "Whites") into exile into the North and setting up their own revolutionary administration of the Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic in the South. It was only when German troops intervened in favour of the White government that the revolt was suppressed.(7) (7) Commander of the German Troops in Finland Deutscher General in Finnland 1918 Gen. Gustav Adolf Joachim Rüdiger Graf von der Goltz 1865 - 1946 See here for the Leaders of the Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic. __________________________________________________________________________________HEADS OF STATE / CHIEF ADMINISTRATORS
Regents and State's Protectors Like in the previous period, Finland formally had no Head of State and supreme power was exercised by "Regents" or "State's Protectors". (8) 1918 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, resigned s.a. 1918 - 1919 CavGen. Carl Gustaf Emil, Friherre Mannerheim 1867 - 1951 (8) During the German intervention there existed briefly an interest for the monarchy. This resulted in the election of a German Prince as King of Finland. King Elect 1918 Friedrich Karl Ludwig Konstantin, Prinz und Landgraf von Hessen, declined the throne after German defeat. 1868 - 1940 __________________________________________________________________________________SENATORS / MINISTERS
Leading Senators / Prime Ministers Presidents of the Senate Senaatin Puheenjahtajat Ordförander för Senaten 1917 - 1918 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud s.a. 1918 Juho Kusti Paasikivi s.a. Prime Ministers Pääminiserit Statsministrar 1918 - 1919 Lauri Johannes Ingman 1868 - 1934 1919 Kaarlo Castrén s.a. Senators / Ministers of Foreign Affairs (9) Senator - Head of the Section for Foreign Affairs Ulkoasiaintoimituskunnan Päällikkö Chef för Utrikes-expedition 1918 Otto Eliel Stenroth 1861 - 1939 Ministers for Foreign Affairs Ulkoasiainministerit Utrikesministrar 1918 - 1919 Carl Johan Alexis Enckell s.a. 1919 Eino Rudolf Woldemar Holsti 1881 - 1945 (9) Before the establishment of the Section of Foreign Affairs there already had existed a Secretariat of State for Foreign Affairs headed by Samuili Sario. Senators / Ministers of Defence Senator - Head of the Section of War Sota-asiaintoimituskunnan Päällikkö Chef för Militieexpedition 1918 MajGen. Wilhelm Alexander Thesleff 1880 - Minister of War Sotaministeri Krigsminister 1918 - 1919 Gen. Karl Rudolf Waldén 1878 - 1946 Senators / Ministers for Home Affairs Head of the Section for Home Affairs Sisâasiaintoimituskunnan Päällikkö Chef för Inrikes-expedition 1917 - 1918 Johan Arthur Castrén s.a. Ministers of Home Affairs Sisäasiainministerit Inrikesministerar 1918 - 1919 Antii Agaton Tulenheimo s.a. 1919 Carl Emil Fredrik Voss-Schrader 1880 - Senators - Ministers of Justice Head of the Section for Justice Oikeustoimituskunnan Päällikö Chef för Justitie-Expedition 1917 - 1918 Onni Eugen Aleksander Talas s.a. Minister of Justice Oikeusministeri Justitieminister 1918 - 1919 Karl Gustaf Söderholm 1859 - Senators - Ministers of Finances Head of the Section of Finances Valtiovaraintoimituskunnan Päällikö Chef för Finans-Expedition 1917 - 1918 Juhani Arajärvi s.a. Ministers of Finances Valtiovarainministerit Finansministrar 1918 - 1919 Kaarlo Castrén s.a. 1919 August Ramsay 1859 - 1943 __________________________________________________________________________________ADMINISTRATORS OF THE FINNISH SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC
HEAD OF STATE Chairman of the Workers Central Council 1918 Valfrid Perttilä PEOPLE'S DELEGATES (also People's Commissars) Chairman of the People's Delegation 1918 Kullervo Manner 1880 - 1936 People's Delegate for Foreign Affairs 1918 Yrjö Eljas Sirola 1876 - 1936 People's Delegate for Military Affairs 1918 Adolf Taimi 1881 - 1955 People's Delegate for Internal Affairs 1918 Yrjö Eljas Sirola s.a. People's Delegates for Internal and Military Affairs 1918 -Eero Haapalainen 1880 - 1937 -Adolf Taimi s.a. People's Delegates for Justice 1918 -Lauri Letonmäki 1886 - 1935 -Antii Kiviranta (joined later) People's Delegate for Finances 1918 Jalo Kohonen FINNISH WORKERS COMMITTEE As defeat approached all power was transferred to a Finnish Workers Committee which went into exile to Moscow. Finnish Workers Committee 1918 -Kullervo Manner s.a. -Antii Oskari Tokoi s.a. -Otto Ville (Vilgelmovich) Kuusinen 1881 - 1964 -Matti Turkia 1871 - 1946 -Lauri Letonmäki s.a. Representatives of the Committee in Finland 1918 -Yrjö Eljas Sirola s.a. -Evert Eloranta -P. Railo -Jyrki Lehtosaari -S. Rahja
REPUBLIC OF FINLAND
In 1919 Finland became a Republic, which was recognised by Russia in 1920 by the Treaty of Dorpat. Tensions between the two countries continued however to exist and in 1939 troops of the U.S.S.R. invaded Finland, initiating a war that lasted until 1944 (wit a brief interruption 1940 - 1941). See FINLAND 1939 - 1944 for more information on these years. __________________________________________________________________________________HEADS OF STATE
Presidents Presidentit Presidenter 1919 - 1925 Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg 1865 - 1952 1925 - 1931 Lauri Kristian Relander 1883 - 1942 1931 - 1937 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud s.a. 1937 - 1940 Kyösti Kallio 1873 - 1940 1940 - 1944 Risto Heikki Ryti, forced to resign as he wanted to continue war, along with Germany 1889 - 1956 1944 - 1946 Marsh. of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil, Friherre Mannerheim s.a. __________________________________________________________________________________MINISTERS
Prime Ministers Pääminiserit Statsministrar 1919 Kaarlo Castrén s.a. 1919 - 1920 Juho Heikki Vennola 1872 - 1938 1920 - 1921 Rafael Waldemar Erich 1879 - 1946 1921 - 1922 Juho Heikki Vennola (2x) 1922 Aimo Kaarlo Cajander 1879 - 1943 1922 - 1924 Kyösti Kallio s.a. 1924 Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (2x) 1924 - 1925 Lauri Johannes Ingman (2x) 1925 Antti Agaton Tulenheimo s.a. 1925 - 1926 Kyösti Kallio (2x) 1926 - 1927 Väinö Alfred Tanner s.a. 1927 - 1928 Juho Emil Sunila 1875 - 1936 1928 - 1929 Oskari Mantere 1874 - 1942 1929 - 1930 Kyösti Kallio (3x) 1930 - 1931 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud s.a. 1931 - 1932 Juho Emil Sunila (2x) 1932 - 1936 Toivo Mikael Kivimäki 1886 - 1968 1936 - 1937 Kyösti Kallio (4x) 1937 - 1939 Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (3x) 1939 - 1941 Risto Heikki Ryti s.a. 1941 - 1943 Johan Wilhelm Rangell 1894 - 1982 1943 - 1944 Edwin Johannes Hildegard Linkomies 1894 - 1963 1944 Anders Verner Hackzell 1881 - 1946 1944 Urho Jonas Castrén 1886 - 1965 1944 - 1946 Juho Kusti Paasikivi s.a. Ministers of Foreign Affairs Ulkoasiainministerit Utrikesministrar 1919 - 1922 Eino Rudolf Woldemar Holsti s.a. 1922 Carl Johan Alexis Enckell (2x) 1922 - 1924 Juho Heikki Vennola s.a. 1924 Carl Johan Alexis Enckell (3x) 1924 - 1925 Johann Hjalmar Fredrik Procopé 1889 - 1954 1925 Karl Gustaf Idman 1925 - 1926 Emil Nestor Setälä s.a. 1926 - 1927 Kaarle Väinö Voionmaa 1869 - 1947 1927 - 1931 Johan Hjalmar Fredrik Procopé (2x) 1931 - 1932 Aarno Armas Sakari Yrjö-Koskinen 1885 - 1951 1932 - 1936 Anders Verner Hackzell s.a. 1936 - 1938 Eino Rudolf Woldemar Holsti (2x) 1938 Kaarle Väinö Voionmaa* (2x) 1938 - 1939 Juho Eljas Erkko 1895 - 1965 1939 - 1940 Väinö Alfred Tanner s.a. 1940 - 1943 Rolf Johan Witting 1879 - 1944 1943 - 1944 Carl Henrik Wolter Ramsay 1886 - 1951 1944 - 1950 Carl Johan Alexis Enckell (4x) Ministers of Defence Ministers of War Sotaministerit Krigsministrar 1919 Gen. Karl Rudolf Waldén s.a. 1919 - 1920 Gen. Karl Emil Berg 1869 - 1921 1920 - 1921 Col. Bruno Fredrik Jalander 1872 - 1966 1921 Gen. Onni Ferdinand Hämäläinen 1885 - 1921 - 1922 MajGen. Bruno Fredrik Jalander (2x) Ministers of Defence Puolustusministerit Försvarsministrar 1922 - 1923 MajGen. Bruno Fredrik Jalander s.a. 1923 Kyösti Kallio s.a. 1923 - 1924 ArtGen. Wilho Petter Nenonen 1883 - 1960 1924 MajGen. Viktor Henrik Schvindt 1866 - 1928 1924 Ivar Aminoff 1879 - 1924 - 1925 Col. Kaarlo Lauri Torvald Malmberg 1888 - 1925 Aleksander Lampén 1879 - 1935 1925 - 1926 Alexander Leonard Hjelmman 1869 - 1926 - 1927 Kaarlo Richard Heinonen 1878 - 1927 - 1928 Jalo Toivo Landensuo 1928 - 1929 Aimo Kaarlo Cajander s.a. 1929 - 1930 Juho Niukkanen 1888 - 1930 - 1931 Albin Wilhelm Manner 1888 - 1931 - 1932 Jalo Toivo Lahdensuo (2x) 1932 - 1937 Arvi Adiel Oksala 1891 - 1937 - 1940 Juho Niukkanen (2x) 1940 - 1944 MajGen. Karl Rudolf Waldén s.a. 1944 - 1945 Väinö Lahja Valve 1895 - 1945 - 1948 Mauno Pekkala 1890 - Ministers of Home Affairs Sisäasiainministerit Inrikesministrar 1919 Carl Emil Fredrik Voss-Schrader s.a. 1919 - 1920 Heiki Ritavuori 1880 - 1922 1920 - 1921 Albert Alexander (Baron von) Hellens 1878 - 1921 - 1922 Heiki Ritavuori (2x) 1922 Heimo Helminen 1878 - 1922 Yrjö Johannes Eskelä 1922 - 1924 Vilkku Joukahainen 1879 - 1924 Yrjö Johannes Eskelä (2x) 1924 - 1925 Georg Karl Gunnar Sahlstein 1879 - 1925 Matti Aura 1925 - 1926 Gustaf Ignatius 1873 - 1926 - 1927 Rieti Vilhelm Itkonen 1889 - 1927 Olavi Heikki Puro 1927 - 1928 Matti Aura (2x) 1928 - 1929 Toivo Mikael Kivimäki s.a. 1929 - 1930 Arvo Viljo Ilmari Linturi 1887 - 1930 - 1931 Erkki Veikko Kuokannen 1931 - 1932 Ernst Viktor Lorentz (Baron von) Born 1885 - 1932 - 1937 Yrjö Wilhelm Puhakka 1888 - 1937 - 1939 Urho Kaleva Kekkonen 1900 - 1986 1939 - 1941 Ernst Viktor Lorentz (Baron) von Born (2x) 1941 - 1943 Toivo Johannes Horelli 1888 - 1943 - 1944 Leo Reinhold Ehrnrooth 1877 - 1944 - 1945 Kaarlo Henrik Hillilä 1902 - 1945 - 1948 Yrjö Kaarlo Leino Ministers of Justice Oikeusministerit Justitieministrar 1919 Karl Gustaf Söderholm s.a. 1919 - 1920 Henrik Hjalmar Kahelin 1868 - 1920 Heikki Ritavuori* s.a. 1920 Karl Gustaf Söderholm (2x) 1920 - 1921 Otto Hjalmar Granfelt 1874 - 1921 - 1922 Heimo Helminen s.a. 1922 Albert Alexander von Hellens s.a. 1922 Frans Oskar Lilius 1871 - 1928 1922 - 1923 Ernst Otto Åkesson 1872 - 1923 - 1924 Elias Walfrid Sopanen 1863 - 1924 Frans Oskar Lilius (2x) 1924 - 1925 Albert Alexander von Hellens (2x) 1925 Frans Oskar Lilius (3x) 1925 - 1926 Urho Jonas Castrén s.a. 1926 - 1927 Väinö Pietari Hakkila 1882 - 1927 - 1928 Torsten Henrik Malinen 1877 - 1928 - 1929 Anton Kotonen 1876 - 1929 Oiva Juho Aatami Huttunen 1887 - 1929 - 1930 Elieser Kaila 1930 - 1931 Karl Gustaf Söderholm (3x) 1931 - 1932 Toivo Mikael Kivimäki s.a. 1932 - 1933 Hugo Albert Malmberg 1864 - 1933 - 1936 Eric Johan Serlachius 1884 - 1936 Emil Julius Jatkola 1879 - 1936 - 1937 Urho Kaleva Kekkonen s.a. 1937 - 1938 Kaarlo Arvi Eliel Ahmavaara 1938 - 1939 Albin Ewald Rautavaara 1873 - 1939 - 1940 Johan Otto Söderhjelm 1898 - 1940 - 1944 Oskari Lehtonen 1889 - 1944 Ernst Viktor Lorentz (Baron von) Born s.a. 1944 - 1946 Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (2x) Ministers of Finances Valtiovarainministerit Finansministrar 1919 August Ramsay s.a. 1919 - 1920 Otto Johannes Lundson s.a. 1920 - 1921 Jonathan Vindician Wartiovaara 1875 - 1921 - 1922 Risto Heikki Ryti s.a. 1922 Ernst Gråsten 1865 - 1922 - 1924 Risto Heikki Ryti (2x) 1924 Hugo Magnus Johannes Relander 1865 - 1924 - 1925 Yrjö Rafael Pulkkinen 1875 - 1925 Hugo Magnus Johannes Relander (2x) 1925 - 1926 Kyösti Nestor Järvinen 1869 - 1926 - 1927 August Johannes Ryömä 1879 - 1927 - 1928 Juho Niukkanen s.a. 1928 - 1929 Hugo Magnus Johannes Relander (3x) 1929 - 1930 Tyko Henrik Reinikka 1887 - 1930 - 1931 Juho Heikki Vennola s.a. 1931 - 1932 Kyösti Nestor Järvinen (2x) 1932 - 1936 Hugo Magnus Johannes Relander (4x) 1936 - 1937 Juho Niukkanen (2x) 1937 - 1939 Väinö Alfred Tanner s.a. 1939 - 1942 Mauno Pekkala s.a. 1942 - 1944 Väinö Alfred Tanner (2x) 1944 Onni Alfred Hiltunen 1944 - 1945 Johan Helo 1889 - 1945 Sakari Severi Tuomioja
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