THE NETHERLANDS
See also AMSTERDAM and THE HAGUE
NETHERLANDS PROVINCES 1871 - 1945
ROMAN CATHOLIC HIERARCHY IN THE NETHERLANDS 1871 - 1945
OLD CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE NETHERLANDS
NETHERLANDS OVERSEA DEPENDENCIES 1871 - 1945
KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS
In 1581 the northern provinces of the Spanish Netherlands revolted against their
overlords and proclaimed an independent republic, which was formally recognized by
the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648.
The Netherlands became a principality in 1813 and a kingdom - which also included
prrsent-day Belgium until 1830 - in 1815.
From 1940 to 1945 the country was occupied and administered by Germany
__________________________________________________________________________________
HEADS OF STATE
King - Queen
Koning - Koningin
Formal Style : Koning/Koningin der Nederlanden, Prins/Prinses van
Oranje - Nassau.
(King/Queen of the Netherlands, Prince/Princess of
Orange - Nassau)
The Kings/Queens of the Netherlands also were :
- Grand Ducs of Luxembourg 1815 - 1890
- Ducs of Limburg 1839 - 1907
House of Oranje-Nassau - Line of Otto
ruled over all the Netherlands provinces 1747 - 1795 and since 1813.
1849 - 1890 Willem III (Willem Alexander Paul Frederik
Lodewijk) 1817 - 1890
Regents during the final illness of the king
1889 Jonkheer Gerlach Cornelis
Johannes van Reenen,
vice-president of the Council
of State 1818 - 1893
1890 Emma° (Adelheid Emma Wilhelmina
Theresia), Prinses van
Waldeck-Pyrmont, wife 1858 - 1934
1890 - 1948 Wilhelmina° (Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria),
daughter, in exile 1940 - 1945 1880 - 1948
Regent during minority of the Queen
1890 - 1898 Emma° (Adelheid Emma Wilhelmina
Theresia), Prinses van
Waldeck-Pyrmont, mother (2x) s.a.
__________________________________________________________________________________
MINISTERS
Prime Ministers
Leading Ministers
Although some sources and sites list them as "Prime Ministers" (or Presidents of
the Council, or Minister - Presidents, etc ...), the following were originally only
the "name - giving" (naamgevende) Ministers of the government they had formed and
as such they had formally no more power than the other ministers.
However, as they nearly always held the portfolio of Home Affairs - the most
important of the Dutch ministries in the period 1871-1937 - they soon gained in
importance and became in fact leading ministers.
This system lasted until 1937, when the need for a stronger leadership, led to the
creation of the office of Minister - President.
Note : There were sometimes two "name - giving" ministers (n.m.)
Those who were also Ministers of Home Affairs are followed
by (h.a.)
1871 - 1872 Jan Rudolf Thorbecke (3x) (h.a.) 1798 - 1872
1872 - 1874 -Gerrit De Vries 1818 - 1900
-Johan Hendrik Geertsema Czn. (h.a.) (1) 1816 - 1908
1874 - 1877 Jan Heemskerk Azn. (2x) (h.a.) (2) 1818 - 1897
1877 - 1879 Johannes Kappeyne van de Coppello (h.a.) 1822 - 1895
1879 - 1883 Constantijn Theodoor Graaf (till 1882 :
Baron) Van Lynden van Sandenburg (2x?) 1826 - 1885
1883 - 1888 Jan Heemskerk Azn. (3x) (h.a.)
1888 - 1891 Aeneas, Baron Mackay (h.a.) 1838 - 1909
1891 - 1894 -Gijsbert van Tienhoven 1841 - 1914
-Johannes Pieter Roetert Tak van Poortvliet
(h.a.) 1829 - 1904
1894 - 1897 -Jonkheer Joan Röell 1844 - 1914
-Samuel Van Houten (h.a.) 1837 - 1930
1897 - 1901 -Nicolaas Gerard Pierson 1839 - 1909
-Hendrik Goeman Borgesius (h.a.) 1847 - 1917
1901 - 1905 Abraham Kuyper (h.a.) 1837 - 1920
1905 - 1908 Theodoor Herman De Meester (3) 1851 - 1919
1908 - 1913 Theodorus Heemskerk Jzn. (h.a.) 1852 - 1932
1913 - 1918 Pieter Willem Adriaan Cort van der Linden
(h.a.) 1846 - 1935
1918 - 1925 Jonkheer Charles Joseph Maria Ruys de
Beerenbrouck (h.a.) 1873 - 1936
1925 - 1926 Hendricus Colijn 1869 - 1944
1926 - 1929 Dirk Jan de Geer 1870 - 1960
1929 - 1933 Jonkheer Charles Joseph Maria Ruys de
Beerenbrouck (2x) (h.a.)
1933 - 1937 Hendricus Colijn (2x)
(1) Isaac Dignus Fransen van de Putte (1822 - 1902) is sometimes listed as
joint n.m. 1872 - 1874 instead of Geertsema Czn.
(2) Constantijn Theodoor Baron Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1826 - 1885) is
sometimes listed as joint n.m. 1874 - 1877
(3) Edward Ellis van Raalte (1841 - 1921) is sometimes listed as joint n.m.
1905 - 1908
Minister - Presidents and Ministers of General Affairs (4)
Minister - Presidenten en Ministers van Algemene Zaken
1937 - 1939 Hendricus Colijn s.a.
1939 - 1940 Dirk Jan de Geer, in exile 1940 s.a.
1940 - 1945 Pieter Sjoerd Gerbrandy, in exile (5) 1885 - 1961
(4) From 1940 to 1945 Hendrik van Boeyen (1889 - 1947) was Minister of
General Affairs.
(5) Also Minister of War Effort (Oorlogsinspanning) in 1945.
Ministers of Foreign Affairs
Ministers van Buitenlandse Zaken
1870 - 1871 J. J. Van Mulken* (2x)
1871 - 1874 Joseph Lodewijk Hendrik Alfred Gericke van
Herwijnen 1814 - 1899
1874 - 1877 Pieter Joseph Augustus Maria van de Does de
Willebois 1816 - 1892
1877 - 1879 Willem Baron van Heckeren tot Kell 1815 - 1914
1879 - 1881 Constantijn Theodoor Baron Van Lynden van
Sandenburg s.a.
1881 - 1883 Willem Frederik Rochussen 1832 - 1912
1883 - 1885 Pieter Joseph Augustus Maria van de Does de
Willebois (2x)
1885 - 1888 Abraham Pieter Cornelis van Karnebeek 1836 - 1925
1888 - 1891 Cornelis Hartsen 1823 - 1895
1891 - 1894 Gijsbert van Tienhoven s.a.
1894 Johannes Coenraad Jansen*
1894 - 1897 Jonkheer Joan Röell s.a.
1897 - 1901 Willem Hendrik de Beaufort 1845 - 1918
1901 - 1905 Robert Melvil Baron van Lynden 1843 - 1910
1905 A. G. Ellis
1905 Willem Marcus van Weede van Beerencamp 1858 - 1925
1905 - 1908 Dirk Arnold Willem van Tets van Goudriaan 1844 - 1930
1908 - 1913 René de Marees van Swinderen 1860 - 1955
1913 Pieter Willem Adriaan Cort van der Linden* s.a.
1913 - 1918 John Loudon 1866 - 1955
1918 - 1927 Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek 1874 - 1942
1927 - 1933 Frans Beelaerts van Blokland 1872 - 1956
1933 Jonkheer Charles Jospeh Maria Ruys de
Beerenbrouck* s.a.
1933 - 1937 Jonkheer Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff 1872 - 1957
1937 Hendricus Colijn* s.a.
1937 - 1939 Jacob Adriaan Nocolaas Patijn 1873 - 1961
1939 - 1946 Eelco Nicolaas van Kleffens, in exile 1940 -
1945 1894 - 1983
Ministers of Defence
Ministers of War
Ministers van Oorlog
1871 Gerard Petrus Booms 1822 - 1871
1871 A. Engelvaart
1871 - 1872 L. G. Brocx*
1872 Félix Albert Théodore Delprat 1812 - 1888
1872 - 1873 Menno David Graaf van Limburg-Stirum 1807 - 1891
1873 L. G. Brocx* (2x)
1873 - 1875 August Wilhelm Philip Weitzel 1816 - 1896
1875 - 1876 Hendrik Johannes Enderlein 1821 - 1898
1876 Willem Frederik van Erp Taalman Kip* 1824 - 1905
1876 Guillaume Jean Gérard Klerck 1825 - 1884
1876 Willem Frederik van Erp Taalman Kip* (2x)
1876 - 1877 Hendrik Johan Rudolf Beyen 1817 - 1892
1877 - 1878 Johan Karel Hendrik de Roo van Alderwerelt 1832 - 1878
1878 - 1879 Hendricus Octavius Wichers* 1831 - 1889
1879 Jacobus Catharinus Cornelus den Beer
Portugael 1832 - 1913
1879 - 1883 A. E. Reuther 1819 - 1889
1883 - 1888 August Wilhelm Philip Weitzel (2x)
1888 - 1891 Johannes Wilhelm Bergansius 1836 - 1913
1891 - 1894 August Lodewijk Willem Seyffardt 1840 - 1909
1894 - 1897 Clemens Diederik Hendrik Schneider 1832 - 1925
1897 Joannes Coenraad Jansen*
1897 - 1901 Kornelis Eland 1838 - 1927
1901 Arthur Kool
1901 - 1905 Johannes Wilhelm Bergansius (2x)
1905 - 1907 Hendrik Peter Staal 1845 - 1920
1907 - 1908 Willem Frederik Graaf van Rappard 1846 - 1913
1908 - 1909 Frderik Henri Alexander Sabron 1849 - 1916
1909 - 1911 Wouter Cool Sr. 1848 - 1928
1911 - 1913 Hendricus Colijn s.a.
1913 - 1917 Nicolaas Bosboom 1855 - 1937
1917 Jean Jacques Rambonnet* 1864 - 1943
1917 - 1918 Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonghe 1875 - 1958
1918 - 1920 George August Alexander Alting von Geusau 1864 - 1937
1920 Jonkheer Charles Joseph Maria Ruys de
Beerenbrouck* s.a.
1920 - 1921 Willem Frederik Pop 1868 - 1931
1921 - 1925 Jannes Johannes Cornelis van Dijk 1871 - 1953
1925 Johan Marie Jacques Hubert Lambooy 1874 - 1942
1926 Louis Anne van Rooijen 1... - 1946
1926 - 1928 Johan Marie Jacques Hubert Lambooy (2x)
Ministers of the Navy
Ministers van Marine
1868 - 1873 L. G. Brocx s.a.
1873 - 1874 Isaac Dignus Fransen van de Putte s.a.
1874 - 1877 Willem Frederik van Erp Taalman Kip s.a.
1877 - 1879 Hendricus Octavius Wichers s.a.
1879 - 1883 Willem Frederik van Erp Taalman Kip (2x)
1883 - 1884 Frederik Lambertus Geerling 1815 - 1894
1884 - 1885 Willem Frederik van Erp Taalman Kip (3x)
1885 - 1887 Willem Lodewijk Adolphe Gericke
1887 - 1888 Frederik Cornelis Trop 1828 - 1900
1888 - 1891 Hendrik Dyserinck 1838 - 1906
1891 Gerhardus Kruys 1838 - 1902
1891 - 1894 Joannes Coenraad Jansen s.a.
1894 - 1897 Hermen Marinus van der Wijck 1843 - 1932
1897 Joannes Coenraad Jansen (2x)
1897 - 1898 Kornelis Eland* s.a.
1898 - 1901 Jacob Alexander Röell 1838 - 1924
1901 - 1902 Gerhardus Kruys
1902 - 1903 Johannes Wilhelm Bergansius* s.a.
1903 - 1905 A. G. Ellis s.a.
1905 - 1907 W. J. Cohen Stuart
1907 - 1912 Jan Wentholt 1851 -1930
1912 - 1913 Hendricus Colijn* s.a.
1913 - 1918 Jean Jacques Rambonnet s.a.
1918 Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonghe* s.a.
1918 George August Alexander Alting von Geusau* s.a.
1918 - 1919 Willem Naudinten ten Cate 1860 - 1942
1919 Jonkheer Charles Joseph Maria Ruys de
Beerenbrouck* s.a.
1919 - 1920 Hendrik Bijleveld
1920 Hendrik Albert van Ijselstijn* 1860 - 1941*
1920 - 1921 Willem Fredrik Pop* s.a.
1921 - 1922 Jannes Johannes Cornelis van Dijk* s.a.
1922 - 1925 Evert Pieter Westeveld
1925 Johan Marie Jacques Hubert Lambooy* s.a.
1926 Louis Anne van Roijen* s.a.
1926 - 1928 Johan Marie Jacques Hubert Lambooy* (2x)
1928 : Ministries merged intro a new Ministry of Defence
Ministers of Defence
Ministers van Landsverdediging
1928 - 1929 Johan Marie Jacques Hubert Lambooy s.a.
1929 - 1935 Lurentius Nicolaas Deckers 1883 - 1978
1935 - 1937 Hendricus Colijn* s.a.
1937 - 1939 Jannes Johannes Cornelis van Dijk s.a.
1939 - 1941 Adriaan Quirinus Hendrik Dyxhoorn, in exile
since 1940 1889 - 1952
1941 Hendrik van Boeyen*, in exile s.a.
1941 : Ministry of Defence divided
Ministers of War
Ministers van Oorlog
1941 - 1942 Hendrik van Boeyen, in exile s.a.
1942 - 1945 Jonkheer Otto Cornelis Adriaan van Lidth
de Jeude, in exile 1881 - 1952
1945 James Marnix de Booy*, in exile 1885 - 1969
1945 Jan Eduard de Quay, in exile 1901 - 1985
Ministers of the Navy
Ministers van Marine
1941 - 1945 Johannes Theodorus Fürnster, in exile 1887 - 1970
1945 - 1946 James Marnix de Booy, in exile till 1945 s.a.
Ministers of Home Affairs
Ministers van Binnenlandse Zaken
(Ministers of Home Affairs and Agriculture (Ministers van Binnenlandse Zaken en
Landbouw) 1923 - 1933)
1871 - 1872 Jan Rudolf Thorbecke (3x) s.a.
1872 - 1874 Johan Hendrik Geertsema Czn. (2x) s.a.
1874 - 1877 Jan Heemskerk Azn. (2x) s.a.
1877 - 1879 Johannes Kappeyne van de Coppello s.a.
1879 - 1882 Willem Six 1829 - 1908
1882 - 1883 Cornelis Pijnacker Mordijk 1847 - 1908
1883 - 1888 Jan Heemskerk Azn. (3x)
1888 - 1890 Aeneas, Baron Mackay s.a.
1890 - 1891 Alexander Frederik de Savornin Lohman 1837 - 1924
1891 - 1894 Joannes Pieter Roetert Tak van Poortvliet s.a.
1894 - 1897 Samuel van Houten s.a.
1897 - 1901 Herman Goeman Borgesius 1847 - 1917
1901 - 1905 Abraham Cuyper s.a.
1905 - 1908 Pieter Rink 1851 - 1941
1908 - 1913 Theodoor Heemskerk Jzn. s.a.
1913 - 1918 Pieter Willem Adriaan Cort van der Linden s.a.
1918 - 1925 Charles Joseph Maria, Jonkheer Ruys de
Beerenbrouck s.a.
1925 - 1926 Dirk Jan de Geer s.a.
1926 - 1929 Johannes Benedictus Kan Jr. 1873 - 1947
1929 - 1933 Charles Joseph Maria, Jonkheer Ruys de
Beerenbrouck (2x)
1933 - 1937 Jacob Adriaan de Wilde 1879 - 1956
1937 - 1944 Hendrik van Boeyen, in exile since 1940 s.a.
1944 - 1945 Jacob "Jaap" Albertus Wilhelmus Burger, in
exile 1904 - 1986
1945 Hendrik van Boeyen* (2x), in exile
1945 - 1947 Louis Joseph Maria Beel, in exile till 1945 1902 - 1977
Ministers of Justice
Ministers van Justitie
1871 - 1872 Jolle Albertus Jolles 1814 - 1882
1872 - 1874 Gerrit De Vries s.a.
1874 - 1877 Constantijn Theodoor Baron Van Lynden van
Sandenburg s.a.
1877 - 1879 Hendrik Jan Smidt 1831 - 1917
1879 - 1883 Antony Ewoud Jan Modderman 1838 - 1885
1883 - 1888 Marc Willem Baron du Tour van Bellinchave 1835 - 1908
1888 - 1891 Gustave Louis Marie Hubert Ruys de
Beerenbrouck 1842 - 1926
1891 - 1894 Hendrik Jan Smidt (2x)
1894 - 1897 Willem van de Kaaij 1831 - 1918
1897 - 1901 Pieter Willem Adriaan Cort van der Linden s.a.
1901 - 1905 Joannes Aloysius Loeff 1858 - 1921
1905 - 1908 Edward Ellis van Raalte 1841 -1921
1908 - 1910 Antonius Petrus Laurentius Nelissen
1910 Theodorus Heemskerk Jzn.* s.a.
1910 - 1913 Edmond Robert Hubert Regout 1863 - 1913
1913 Theodorus Heemskerk* Jzn.(2x)
1913 - 1918 Bastiaan Ort
1918 - 1925 Theodorus Heemskerk Jzn. (3x)
1925 Jan Schokking 1864 - 1941
1926 - 1933 Jan Donner 1891 - 1981
1933 - 1937 Josephus Hubertus Hendrikus van Schaik 1882 - 1962
1937 - 1939 Carvens Maria Johannes Franciscus Goseling 1891 - 1941
1939 Johannes Anhonie de Visser 1883 - 1950
1939 - 1942 Pieter Sjoerd Gerbrandy (in exile since
1940) s.a.
1942 - 1944 Johannes Regnerus Marie van Angeren
(in exile) 1894 - 1959
1944 - 1945 Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart (in exile) 1901 - 1956
1945 Pieter Sjoerd Gerbrandy* (2x)(in exile)
Ministers of Finances
Ministers van Financiën
1871 - 1872 Peter Blusse van Oud-Alblas 1812 - 1887
1872 - 1874 Albert van Delden 1828 - 1898
1874 - 1877 Hendrik Baron van der Heim 1824 - 1890
1877 - 1879 Johan George Gleichman 1834 - 1906
1879 - 1881 Simon Vissering 1818 - 1888
1881 - 1883 Constantijn Theodoor Baron Van Lynden van
Sandenburg s.a.
1883 - 1885 W. J. L. Grobbée
1885 - 1888 Jacobus Cornelis Groen 1822 - 1902
1888 - 1891 Karel Antoine Godin de Beaufort 1850 - 1921
1891 - 1894 Nicolaas Gerard Pierson s.a.
1894 - 1897 Jacobus Petrus Sprenger van Eyk 1842 - 1907
1897 - 1901 Nicolaas Gerard Pierson (2x)
1901 - 1905 Joannes Josephus Ignatius Harte van
Tecklenburg 1853 -
1905 - 1908 Theodor Herman De Meester s.a.
1908 - 1913 Maximilien Joseph Caspar Marie Kolkman 1851 - 1924
1913 - 1914 A. E. J. Bertling
1914 - 1916 Marie Willem Frederik Treub 1858 - 1931
1916 - 1917 Anton van Gijn 1866 - 1933
1917 - 1918 Marie Willem Frederik Treub (2x)
1918 - 1921 Simon de Vries 1869 - 1961
1921 - 1923 Dirk Jan de Geer s.a.
1923 - 1926 Hendricus Colijn s.a.
1926 - 1933 Dirk Jan De Geer (2x)
1933 - 1937 Pieter Jacobus Oud 1886 - 1968
1937 - 1939 Jacob Adriaan de Wilde s.a.
1939 Hendricus Colijn* (2x)
1939 Christiaan Wilhelm Bodenhausen 1869 -
1939 - 1940 Dirk Jan de Geer (2x), in exile 1940
1940 - 1941 Charles Joseph Ignace Marie Welter*,
in exile 1880 - 1972
1941 Maximilien Paul Léon van Steenberghe*,
in exile 1899 - 1972
1941 - 1942 Johan Willem Albarda*, in exile 1871 - 1957
1942 - 1945 Johannes van den Broek , in exile 1882 - 1946
1945 Gerardus Wilhelmus Maria Huysmans,
in exile 1902 - 1948
Ministers of Economic and Social Affairs
Chronolory
1877 : Ministry of Water Affairs, Trade and Industry detached from the Ministry
of Home Affairs
1905 : Ministry of Water Affairs, Trade and Industry divided into the :
- Ministry of Water Affairs
- Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Trade
1918 : Ministry of Labour set up
1922 : Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Trade suppresed :
- Agriculture united with Ministry of Home Affairs (s.a.)
- Industry and Trade united with Ministry of Labour.
1931 : Ministry of Labour, Trade and Industry renamed Ministry of Eonomic Affairs
and Labour.
1933 : Ministry of Economic Affairs and Labour divided into the :
- Ministry of Economic Affairs
- Ministry of Social Affairs
1935 : Ministry of Economic Affairs divided into the :
- Ministry of Trade, Industry and Shipping
- Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries
1937 : Ministry of Economic Affairs re-established.
1940 : Ministry of Economic Affairs re-divided into the :
- Ministry of Trade, Industry and Shipping
- Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries
1941 : Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries abolished
1944 : Ministry of Trade, Industry and Shipping divided into the :
- Ministry of Trade, Industry and Agriculture
- Ministry of Shipping and Fisheries
Ministers of Water Affairs, Trade and Industry
Ministers van Waterstaat, Handel en Nijverheid
(Waterstaat is also often translated as Public Works/Transport. The name goes back
to the time when organisation of transport by water and the damming of the sea were
the most important "economic" tasks of the ministry of Home Affairs)
1877 - 1879 Johannes Pieter Roetert Tak van Poortvliet s.a.
1879 - 1883 Jonkheer Guillaume Jean Gérard Klerck 1825 - 1884
1883 - 1887 Johannes Gregorius van den Bergh 1824 - 1890
1887 - 1888 Jacob Cornelis Bastert 1826 - 1902
1888 - 1891 Jacob Petrus Havelaar 1840 - 1918
1891 - 1894 Cornelis Lely 1854 - 1929
1894 - 1897 Philip W. van der Sleyden 1842 - 1929
1897 - 1901 Cornelis Lely (2x)
1901 - 1905 Johannes Christiaan de Marez Oijens 1845 - 1911
Ministers of Water Affairs
Ministers van Waterstaat
1905 - 1908 Jacobus Kraus 1861 - 1951
1908 - 1909 Jean Gustave Stanislas Bevers 1852 - 1909
1909 Aritius Sybrandus Talma* 1864 - 1916
1909 - 1913 Louis Hubert Willem Regout 1861 - 1915
1913 - 1918 Cornelis Lely s.a.
1918 - 1922 Adrianus Antonie Henri Willem König 1867 - 1944
1922 - 1925 Gerardus Jacobus van Swaay 1867 - 1945
1925 Max Charles Emile Bongaerts 1875 - 1959
1926 - 1929 Hendrik van de Vegte 1868 - 1933
1929 - 1933 Paul Johan Reymer 1882 - 1952
1933 - 1935 Jacob Adriaan Kalff 1869 - 1935
1935 Hendricus Colijn* s.a.
1935 - 1937 Jonkheer Otto Cornelis Adriaan van Lidth
de Jeude s.a.
1937 - 1939 Johannes Anthonius Maria van Buuren 1884 - 1970
1939 Jonkheer Otto Cornelis Adriaan van Lidth
de Jeude (2x)
1939 - 1945 Johan Willem Albarda, in exile since 1940 s.a.
1945 Francis Cornelis Marie Wijfels*, in exile 1899
-
1945 Theodor Philibert Tromp, in exile 1903 -
Ministers of Agriculture, Industry and Trade
Ministers van Landbouw, Nijverheid en Handel
1905 - 1908 Jacob Dirk Veegens 1845 - 1910
1908 - 1913 Aritius Sybrandus Talma s.a.
1913 - 1914 Marie Willem Frederik Treub s.a.
1914 - 1918 Folkert Evert Posthuma 1874 - 1943
1918 - 1922 Hendrik Albert van Ijselstijn s.a.
1922 Petrus Josephus Matheus Aalberse 1871 - 1948
Minister of Labour
Minister van Arbeid
1918 - 1922 Petrus Josephus Matheus Aalberse s.a.
Ministers of Labour, Trade and Industry
Ministers van Arbeid, Handel en Industrie
1923 - 1925 Petrus Josephus Matheus Aalberse s.a.
1925 Dionysius Adrianus Petrus Norbertus Koolen 1871 - 1945
1926 - 1929 Joseph Rudolf Slotemaker de Bruine 1869 - 1941
1929 - 1931 Timotheus Josephus Verschuur 1886 - 1945
Minister of Eonomic Affairs and Labour
Ministers van Economische Zaken en Arbeid
1931 - 1933 Timotheus Josephus Verschuur s.a.
Ministers of Economic Affairs
Ministers van Economische Zaken
1933 - 1934 Timotheus Josephus Verschuur s.a.
1934 Hendricus Colijn* s.a.
1934 - 1935 Maximilien Paul Léon Steenberghe s.a.
1935 Henri Caspar Joseph Hubert Gelissen 1895 - 1982
Ministers of Trade, Industry and Shipping
Ministers van Handel, Industrie en Zeevaart
1935 - 1937 Henri Caspar Joseph Hubert Gelissen s.a.
1937 - 1940 none
1940 - 1941 Maximilien Paul Léon Steenberghe, in exile s.a.
1941 - 1942 Jan van den Tempel*, in exile 1877 - 1955
1942 - 1944 Pieter Adriaan Kerstens, in exile 1896 -
Ministers of Agriculture and Fisheries
Ministers van Landbouw en Visvangst
1935 - 1937 Laurentius Nicolaas Deckers s.a.
1937 Maximilien Paul Léon Steenberghe* s.a.
1937 - 1940 none
1940 - 1941 Arie Adriaan van Rhijn, in exile 1892 - 1986
Ministers of Economic Affairs
Ministers van Economische Zaken
1937 - 1939 Maximilien Paul Léon Steenberghe s.a.
1939 Hendricus Colijn* s.a.
1939 - 1940 Maximilien Paul Léon Steenberghe (2x)
Ministers of Trade, Industry and Agriculture
Ministers van Handel, Industrie en Landbouw
1944 - 1945 Johannes van den Broeck*, in exile s.a.
1945 Johannes Hendrik Gispen, in exile 1905 -
Ministers of Shipping and Fisheries
Ministers van Zeevaart en Visvangst
1944 - 1945 James Marnix de Booy, in exile s.a.
Ministers of Social Affairs
Ministers van Sociale Zaken
1933 - 1935 Joseph Rudolf Slotemaker de Bruine s.a.
1935 - 1937 Marcus Slingenberg 1881 - 1941
1937 - 1939 Marinis Hendrikus Damme 1896 -
1939 - 1945 Jan van den Tempel, in exile since 1940 s.a.
1945 Franciscus Cornelis Marie Wijfels, in exile s.a.
Ministers of Cultural Affairs
Ministers of Education, Arts and Sciences
Ministers van Onderwijs, Kunsten en Wetenschappen
1918 - 1925 Johannes Theodoor de Visser 1851 - 1932
1925 - 1926 Victor Henri Rutgers 1877 - 1945
1926 - 1929 Marius Alphonse Marie Waszink 1881 - 1943
1929 - 1933 Jan Terpstra 1888 - 1952
1933 - 1935 Hendrik Pieter Marchant 1869 - 1956
1935 - 1939 Joseph Rudolf Slotemaker de Bruine* s.a.
1939 Bertram Johannes Otto Schrieke 1890 - 1945
1939 - 1945 Gerrit Bolkestein, in exile since 1940 1871 - 1956
Ministers for Oversea Dependencies
Ministers for the Colonies
Ministers van Koloniën
1871 - 1872 Peter Philip van Bosse 1809 - 1879
1872 - 1874 Isaac Dignus Fransen van de Putte (2x) s.a.
1874 - 1876 Willem Baron van Goltstein van Oldenmaller 1831 - 1901
1876 - 1877 Fokko Alting Mees 1819 - 1900
1877 - 1879 Peter Philip van Bosse (2x)
1879 Hendricus Octavius Wichers* s.a.
1879 Otto van Rees 1823 - 1897
1879 - 1882 Willem Baron van Goltstein van Oldenmaller
(2x)
1882 - 1883 Willem Maurits de Brauw 1838 - 1898
1883 Willem Frederik van Erp Taalman Kip* s.a.
1883 François Gerard van Bloemen Waanders 1825 - 1892
1883 - 1884 August Wilhelm Philip Weitzel* s.a.
1884 - 1888 Jacobus Petrus Sprenger van Eyk s.a.
1888 - 1890 Levinus Wilhelmus Christiaan Keuchenius 1822 - 1893
1890 - 1891 Aeneas Baron Mackay s.a.
1891 - 1894 Willem Karel Baron van Dedem 1839 - 1895
1894 - 1897 Jacob Hendrik Bergsma 1838 - 1915
1897 - 1901 Jacob Theodoor Cremer 1847 - 1923
1901 - 1902 Titus Anthony Jacob van Asch van Wijck 1849 - 1902
1902 Johannes Wilhelm Bergansius* s.a.
1902 - 1905 Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg 1861 - 1935
1905 - 1908 Dirk Fock 1858 - 1941
1908 - 1909 Theodorus Heemskerk Jzn.* s.a.
1909 Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg (2x)
1909 - 1913 Jan Hendrik de Waal Malefiet
1913 - 1918 Thomas Bastiaan Pleyte 1864 - 1926
1918 - 1919 Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg (3x)
1919 - 1925 Simon de Graaff 1861 - 1948
1925 Hendricus Colijn* s.a.
1925 - 1926 Charles Joseph Ignace Marie Welter s.a.
1926 - 1929 Jacob Christiaan Koningsberger 1867 - 1951
1929 - 1933 Simon de Graaff (2x)
1933 - 1935 Hendricus Colijn (2x)
1935 - 1941 Charles Joseph Ignace Marie Welter (2x), in
exile since 1940
1941 - 1942 Pieter Sjoerd Gerbrandy, in exile s.a.
1942 - 1945 Hubertus Johannes van Mook, in exile 1894 - 1965
Minister of Overseas Territories
Minister van Overzeese Gebieden
1945 Joseph Ignace Julius Maria Schmutzer, in
exile 1882 - 1946
Ministers without Porfolio
Ministers zonder Portefeuille
(all in exile)
1942 - 1943 Raden Adipati Ario Soejono 1886 - 1943
1942 - 1945 Edgar Frederik Marie Justin Michiels van
Verduynen 1885 - 1952
1943 - 1944 Jacob Albertus Wilhelm Burger s.a.
__________________________________________________________________________________
ADMINISTRATORS OF THE GERMAN OCCUPIED NETHERLANDS DURING WW II
GERMAN ADMINISTRATORS
Military Governor
Militärbefehlshaber in die Niederlände
1940 Alexander von Falkenhausen 1878 - 1966
As the Netherlands were intended to be annexed to Germany, military rule was soon
replaced by civilian one.
Reichskommissar for the Occupied Netherlands Territories (6)
Reichskommissar fur die besetzten niederländischen Gebieten
1940 - 1945 Arthur Seyss-Inquart 1892 - 1946
General Commissioners
Generalkommissare
*General Commissioner for Administration and Justice
Generalkommissar für Verwaltung und Justiz
1940 - 1945 Friedrich Wimmer 1897 -
*General Commissioner for Public Security
Generalkommissar für öffentliche Sicherheit
1940 - 1945 SS-Brigadeführer Hans-Albin
Rauter 1895 - 1949
*General Commissioner for Finance and Economy Affairs
Generalkommissar für Finanzen und Wirtschaft
1940 - 1945 Hans Fischböck
*General Commissioner for Special Purposes
Generalkommissar für Sonderzwecke
(responsible for the relations with the N.S.B. and the
Netherlands Labor Service)
1940 - 1943 Fritz Schmidt, assassinated 1... - 1943
1943 - 1945 ... Ritterbusch
(6) A member of the German Government.
The following persons were not dependent of the Reichskommissar, but directly
dependent of their head offices in Berlin.
Higher S.S. and Policeleader North West
Höhere S.S. und Polizeiführer Nordwest
(responsible for the security, the fight against the resistance and the Final
Somution)
1940 - 1945 SS-Brigadeführer Hans-Albin Rauter s.a.
Commander of the Netherland SS
Voorman van de Nederlansche SS
The Nederlandsche SS was created in 1940 as a militia of the
collaborating N.S.B. (see below). But actually it was a local
section of the German SS directly dependent of Rauter, working
on a prompt and complete integration of the Netherlands into
the German Empire
1940 - 1945 SS-Standartenführer Johannes
Henk Feldmeyer 1910 - 1945
Representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Vertreter des Auswärtiges Amtes
(The Representative was in charge of general political affairs (acting as a kind of
political adviser) and of international issues resulting from the occupation but
his main task was however to prepare the legal way for the "final solution")
1940 - 1945 Otto Bene
Commander of the German Forces in the Occupied Netherlands Territories
Kommandierender General in die besetzten niederländischen Gebieten
1940 - 1945 Friedrich Christiansen 1879 - 1972
NETHERLANDS ADMINISTRATORS
The N.S.B. and the "Staatspolitiek Secretariaat"
Unlike they did in some other countries, such as Norway, the Germans didn't rely on
the local National Socialist organization, the N.S.B. (Nationaal Socialistische
Beweging/National Socialist Movement) headed by Anton Adriaan Mussert (1894 - 1946)
It was only after long discussions that they granted him, in 1942, the honorific
title of "Leider van het Nederlandse Volk" (Leader of the Netherlands People) and
authorised him to establish, in 1943, a "Staatspolitiek Secretariaat", intended to
become a ministry, but in fact no more than a powerless advisory council.
1943 - 1945 -J.H. Carp (chairman)
-Folkert Evert Posthuma (in 1943),
assassinated 1874 - 1943
-H. Reydon Hermannus (in 1943), assassinated 1... - 1943
-Hendrik Alexander Seyffardt (in 1943),
assassinated 1872 - 1943
-K. Keyer
-Meinoud Marinus Rost van Toningen 1894 - 1945
-W. L. Z. van der Vegte
-Cornelis van Geelkerken 1901 - 1976
-Robert van Genechten 1895 - 1945
-C. van Ravenswaay
Council of the Secretaries - General
Raad van Secretarissen - Generaal
Many of the secretaries-general - the administrative heads of the departments - may
not be considered as "collaborators" (in fact, one of them, Hirschfeld, was of
Jewish origin)
Some of them were in office long before the war and did remain so after the return
of the government. Some resigned or were dismissed after some time and replaced by
more reliable N.S.B.- members, the most important being Rost van Toningen (see
above and below).
Note also that not all sources include the chairmen and the secretaries-general of
general affairs, foreign affairs and colonies as members of the council. So it's
possible this list is not definitive and has to be modified.
The secretariat-general of Defence was abolished in 1940, after the resignation oof
its incumbent, C. Ringeling.
Chairmen and Secretaries General for Foreign Affairs
Voorzitters en Secretarissen - Generaal van Buitenlandse Zaken
1940 - 1941 Jonkheer Aarnout Marinus Snouck-Hurgronje 1882 - 1951
1941 - 1945 Karel Johannes Frederiks 1871 -
Secretaries General for General Affairs
Secretarissen - Generaal voor Algemene Zaken
1940 - 1941 Jonkheer Aarnout Marinus Snouck-Hurgronje s.a.
1941 - 1945 Jacobus Johannes Schrieke 1884 - 1976
Secretary General for Home Affairs
Secretaris - Generaal voor Binnenlandse Zaken
1940 - 1945 Karel Johannes Frederiks s.a.
Secretaries General for Justice
Secretarissen - Generaal voor Justitie
1940 - 1941 J. C. Tenkink
1941 J. P. Hooykaas
1941 - 1945 Jacobus Johannes Schrieke s.a.
Secretaries General for Finances
Secretarissen - Generaal voor Financiën
1940 - 1941 Leonardus Jacobus Anthonius Trip* 1876 - 1947
1941 - 194. H. Postma
194. - 1945 Meinoud Marinus Rost van Toningen 1894 - 1945
Secretaries General for Economic and Social Affairs
*Secretary General for Special Economic Affairs
Secretaris - Generaal voor Bijzondere Economische zaken
194. - 1945 Meinoud Marinus Rost van Toningen s.a.
*Secretary General for Agriculture and Fisheries and for
Trade, Industry and Shipping
Secretaris - Generaal voor Landbouw en Visvangst en voor
Handel, Nijverheid en Zeevaart
1940 - 1945 Hans Max Hirschfeld 1899 - 1961
*Secretaries General for Water Affairs
Secretarissen - Generaal voor Waterstaat
1940 - 1943 Dirk Gerard Willem Spitzen 1896 - 1957
1943 - 1945 W. L. Z. van der Vegte
*Secretary General of Transport
Secretaris - Generaal van Verkeer
194. - 1945 ... van Dieren
*Secretaries General of Social Affairs
Secretarissen - Generaal van Sociale Zaken
1940 Arend Lubbertus Scholtens 1880 -
1940 - 1945 R. A. Berwey*
Secretaries General for Cultural Affairs
*Secretaries General for Education, Arts and Sciences
Secretarissen - Generaal voor Onderwijs, Kunsten en Wetenschappen
1940 G. A. van Poelje 1884 - 1976
1940 H. J. Reinink* 1901 - 1979
1940 : Secretariat divided
*Secretary General of Education, Sciences and Culture
Secretaris - Generaal van Onderwijs, Wetenschappen en Kultuur
1940 - 1945 J. van Dam
*Secretaries General of Popular Enlightenment and Arts
Secretarissen - Generaal van Volksvoorlichting en Kunsten
1940 - 1943 Tobias Goedewagen 1895 -
1943 H. Reydon Hermannus s.a.
1943 - 1945 Jonkheer S. M. S. de Ranitz
Secretary General for the Colonies
Secretaris - Generaal van Koloniën
1940 - 1945 Jonkheer Otto Edward Willem Six 1879 -
LEADER OF THE RESISTANCE
Until 1944 the different resistance movements acted separately under the
supervision of the "Bureau Bijzondere Opdrachten" (Bureau Special Missions) of
the Netherlands government in exile.
In 1944 they were united into the Nederlandse Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten
(Netherlands Forces of the Interior).
Commander
Bevelhebber
1944 - 1945 Bernhard Leopold Frederik Eberhart
Julius Coert Karel Godfried Pieter,
Prins der Nederlanden and Prinz von
Lippe-Biesterfeld, son-in-law of
Queen Wilhelmina (s.a.) 1911 -
LEADER OF THE MILITARY AUTHORITY
The Military Authority was set up, in 1944, by the government in exile, in order
to administer the liberated territories. It continued to function until 1946.
Head of the Military Authority
Hoofd van het Militaire Gezag
1944 - 1946 Hendrik Johan Kruls 1902 - 1975
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