1400  development of Middle & Upper Mississippi phases of Moundbuilders (N.America)  alchemy became a field for swindlers  first mention of the dulcimer  Hohokam culture died out in SW America 1401  Timur conquered Baghdad and Damascus 1402  Seville Cathedral begun  Brussels Town Hall begun 1406  Venice acquired Padua  Florence subdued Pisa 1407  Louis, Duke of Orleans, murdered by Burgundians  start of civil war in France 1408  Donatello created statues "David" and "St.John" 1414  the Medici of Florence became the papacy's  bankers 1416  Dutch fishermen first to use drift nets 1417  Henry V took Caen 1418  Portuguese Prince Henry begins exploration 1421  first patent issued in Florence 1420  Torquemada, future Spanish Grand Inquisitor born  erection of the Great Temple of the Dragon, Peking 1423  Georg Purbach, Austrian mathmetician and  astronomer born 1427  Itzcoatl, King of Aztecs, enlarges Mexican empire 1428  Joan of Arc led French army against England  Giovanni Bellini born, Venetian painter  Vietnam regained independence from China 1429  Joan of Arc raised seige of Orleans  Charles VII crowned at Rheims  Henry VI crowned at Westminster  Philip of Burgundy created the Order of the  Golden Fleece 1430  Joan of Arc captured by Burgundians  modern English developed from middle English  "Mad Marjorie", a huge cast-iron gun created 1431  Joan of Arc burned at the stake at Rouen  Henry VI crowned King of France in Paris  Thai forces destroy Khmer, capitol of Angkor 1432  Portuguese sailor, Gonzalo Cabral, discovers  the Azores 1433  Donatello finished the "David" statue  double eagle became emblem of the Holy Roman  emperors 1434  revolt in Rome, Pope Eugene IV fled to Florence 1435  Swedish parliment met for first time 1436  English troops withdrew from Paris 1438  Pachatutec founded Inca rule in Peru 1441  Portugeuse sailors found first Negroes in west  Africa, began slave trade again 1445  Portuguese navigator Diniz Diaz, discovered  Cape Verde  Copenhagen became Danish capitol 1448  Lancaster & York form 2 rival groups in England 1449  England brook truce with France 1450  Incas subdued the Indians of Chimo in northern  Peru  Vatican Library founded  Florence, under the Medici, became center  of Renaissance and humanism  Gutenburg printed the "Constance Mass Book"  Arabian Nights written about this time  Mocha, in SW Arabia, became main port for coffee  export 1451  Mohammed II, Sultan of the Turks  Christopher Columbus born  Amerigo Vespucci born  Glasgow University founded 1452  Leonardo da Vinci born  metal plates used for printing 1453  end of Hundred Years' War between England  and France  Turks convert St.Sophia Basilica into a mosque,  Constantinople  Gutenberg printed the first bible with movable type 1455  beginning of the War of the Roses 1456  trial of Joan of Arc annulled  Turks conquered Athens  Vlad, the Impaler, became ruler of Walachia in  Romania 1457  first printed almanac is published 1458  Turks sacked the Acropolis 1459  renewal of civil war in England 1463  Turks conquered Bosnia  money loaned at low interest to poor people,  Orvieto, Italy 1464  peace between England & Scotland  Louis XI established French royal mail service 1465  first printed music 1466  Donatello died 1467  Turks conquered Hersegovina  first ballad about the Swiss hero William Tell 1468  Gutenberg died 1469  Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile  Lorenzo de Medici, ruler of Florence  Niccolo Machiavelli born, Italian author  Vasco da Gama born, Portugeuse navigator  Sir Thomas Malory completed Morte D'arthur 1470  first printing press set up at the Sorbonne, Paris 1472  Deitrich Pining claimed to have found  Newfoundland, Danish 1473  Nicolaus Copernicus born, European astronomer  building of the Sistine Chapel began 1474  William Caxton prints first book in English 1475  Francisco Pizarro born, Spanish conqueror of Peru  Michelanglo Buonarotti born, Italian sculptor,  painter, architect 1477  Caxton printed Chaucer's "Cantebury Tales"  Botticelli began "Primavera"  Tiziano Vecelli (Titian) born, Italian artist 1479  beginning of Spanish state (Aragon & Castile) 1480  Ivan III made himself Czar of the Russians  Ferdinand Magellan born, Portugeuse navigator  Leonardo da Vinci invented parachute 1481  Bajazet II became Sultan of the Turks  beginning of Spanish Inquisition under the joint  direction of state & church  Botticelli, Ghirlandajo, Perugino Pinturicchio &  Signorelli paint frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, Rome 1483  Edward V and his brother disappeared, murdered  Richard III claimed English throne  Charles VIII crowned King of France  Martin Luther born, German Reformation leader  King John II of Portugal refuses to finance  Columbus's voyage 1484  Richard III reformed law, trade and tax collection  in England 1485  Botticelli began "Birth of Venus" painting 1489  symbols "+" (plus) and "-" (minus) came into use 1490  beginning of ballet in Italian courts  first orphanages in Italy & Holland 1492  Torquemada decreed all Jews have 3 months to  convert or leave Spain  Leonardo da Vinci drew a flying machine  first terrestrial globe created by Martin Behaim  (Nuremberg)  Ferdinand & Isabella finance Columbus's voyage to  new world  Columbus discovered Watling Island in the Bahamas  (Oct 12)  Columbus discovered Cuba (Oct 18)  Columbus discovered Haiti (Dec 25) and wrecked  "Santa Maria"  profession of book publisher emerged 1493  Turks invaded Dalmatia & Croatia  Columbus's 2nd voyage, discovered Puerto Rico,  Dominica & Jamaica 1495  Jews expelled from Portugal  da Vinci began "The Last Supper"  Pedro de Alvarado born, Spanish explorer 1496  James IV invaded Northumberland  Teneriffe became Spanish  monk, Romano Pane, described tobacco  (accompanied Columbus) 1497  King John II of Denmark defeated Swedish army  Michelangelo began "Bacchus" sculpture  the Cabots reach east coast of N.America  Vasco da Gama rounded Cape of Good Hope  severe famine in Florence 1498  Louis XII of France was crowned  Hinrek van Alkmar writes "Reinke de Vos", Dutch  animal epic  Torquemado, Grand Inquisitor of Spain, dies  da Vinci created many scientific and techincal  drawings  Michelangelo began the "Pieta" sculpture  Columbus left on 3rd voyage  Vasco da Gama discovered sea route to India  first German pawn shop in Nuremberg 1499  first political cartoons (on French/Italian war)  appeared  Amerigo Vespucci left for S.American discovery  Swiss established their independence

Donatello's David, the first nude statue of the Renaissance King Henry of Portugal, the Navigator The Inquisition Ruins of Macchu Piccu Johann Gutenberg Nicholaus Copernicus Interior view of the Sistine Chapel Christopher Columbus The Birth of Venus by Botticelli drawing by da Vinci explorer Vasco da Gama

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