 Nicholas I, czar of Russia Johann Strauss: "Waltz King" Kappa Alpha, 1st social fraternity formed JJames Bridger discovered Great Salt Lake Erie Canal completed Mohicans" Nguan Nguan edited writings of Confucius John Stevens built 1st US steam locomotive Victor Hugo: "Cromwell" J.J.Audubon: "Birds of North America" sulphur matches introduced by John Walker Davy Crockett elected to US Congress Beethoven died Great Britain James Fenimore Cooper: "The Red Rover" Alexandre Dumas: "The Three Muskateers" first US railroad built Frederic Chopin began concert tour (age 18) Noah Webster published American Dictionary of English Language violinist Niccolo Paganini performed in Vienna Chopin's debut in Vienna first US patent on a typewriter Louis Braille developed reading method for blind L.J.M.Daguerre & J.N.Niepce joined to work on photographic inventions Chester Arthur, president of US Tennyson: "Poems, Chiefly Lyrical" Revolution in Paris William IV, king of Great Britain & Ireland Louis Phiilippe, king of France Indian Removal Act passed to move US southeastern tribes to Indian Territory Mormon religious society formed by Joseph Smith Belva Lockwood, first woman attorney to practice before US Supreme Court stiff collars part of men's dress Godey's Lady's Book, 1st successful publication for women women's skirts became shorter; sleeves become huge women's hats became very large with flowers and ornamentations Robert Brown discovered cell nucleus in plants French Foreign Legion formed by King Louis Philippe Cardinal Mauro Capellari elected Pope Gregory XVI Sir James Clark Ross determined the magnetic North Pole cholera pandemic spread from India to Russia and into Europe London Bridge opened Samuel Francis Smith wrote the words to "My Country, Tis of Thee" Democratic party established in US first horse drawn trolleys in New York City Aurore Dudevant (aka George Sand) published "Indiana" England occupied Falkland Islands General Santa Ana became president of Mexico Davey Crockett's autobiography published "New York Sun" founded Spanish Inquisition supressed South Australia Act allowed colonies created Honoré de Balzac: "Le Pere Goriot" Victor Hugo: "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" Benjamin Disraeli: "The Infernal Marriage" Charles Babbage invented principle of analytical engine Cyrus Hall McCormick patented reaping machine Walter Hunt constructed first sewing machine Jacob Perkins patented 1st practical ice making machine Whig party formed in US Texas declared right to secede from Mexico Hans Christian Anderson: Tales Told For Children Halley's Comet reappeared P.T.Barnum began career as showman Samuel Colt took out patent for single barrel rifle and pistol Melbourne, Australia founded Charles Dickens: "Pickwick Papers" Adelaide, Australia founded "The Lancers" became popular dance in Europe Betsy Ross died Sam Houston became president of Republic of Texas Ralph Waldo Emerson founded the Transcendental Club "Arc de Triomphe", Paris, completed Victoria became Queen of England Nathaniel Hawthorne: "Twicetold Tales" Samuel Morse exhibited electric telegraph Texas Rangers were founded Other Poems Dickens: "Oliver Twist" & "Nicholas Nickleby" Kirkpatrick Macmillan made 1st pedal driven bicycle Trail of Tears claimed lives of 4,000 Cherokee Indians Jenny Lind made acting debut in Stockholm Charles Wilkes headed US Navy expedition to Antarctica Samuel Morse created "Morse Code" for telegraph J.J.Audobon: "The Birds of America" 4th volume "New York Herald" first US newspaper to employ European correspondents Christian VIII, king of Denmark Abdul Mejid, sultan of Turkey Longfellow: "Hyperion" & "Voices of the Night" Poe: "The Fall of the House of Usher" Charles Goodyear developed vulcanization of rubber Abner Doubleday conducted 1st baseball game ever played Franz Liszt toured Europe transportation of criminals to New South Wales from Britain ended underground railroad helped escaping slaves to freedom William Henry Harrison, president of US for 1 month John Tyler, president of US James Fenimore Cooper: "The Deerslayer" Poe: "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" James Braid discovered hypnosis P.T.Barnum opened "American Museum" balletist Carlotta Grisi created role of Giselle (Doppler effect) polka came into fashion Poe: "The Masque of the Red Death" John C. Fremont began surveying Oregon Trail P.T.Barnum discovered 40 inch Tom Thumb Matthew F. Maury began research in oceanography Dickens: "A Christmas Carol" Tennyson: "Morte d'Arthur" Dorothea Dix reported shocking conditions in prisons & asylums Siamese twins, Chang and Eng Bunker married thousands of settlers head for Oregon Trail Dumas: "The Count of Monte Cristo" Friedrich Gottlob Keller invented wood-pulp paper Y.M.C.A. founded in London by George Williams Dumas: "Twenty Years After" - sequel to "The Three Muskateers" Poe: "The Raven and Other Poems" US Naval Academy opened potato crop failed in Ireland, led to famine US-Mexican War began US-Canada boundary line decided John Deere invented plow with steel moldboard sewing machine patented to Elias Howe Smithsonian Institution founded Adolphe Sax patented the saxaphone Johann Galle first observation of Neptune William Morton used ether for dental extractions US forces captured Mexico City Charlotte Bronte: "Jane Eyre" Emily Bronte: "Wuthering Heights" William Makepeace Thackeray: "Vanity Fair" Mormons founded Salt Lake City Verdi: "Macbeth" opera evaporated milk first made Maria Mitchell, 1st US woman astronomer, found a new comet American Medical Association founded US Post Office began using adhesive stamps Mexican-American War revolt in Paris revolutions in Vienna, Venice, Berlin, Milan & Parma second Sikh War began 1st US women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, NY "Communist Manifesto" issued by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels 1st settlers arrived in New Zealand discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill, California gold rush began Dumas: "Camille" Dickens: "David Copperfield" David Livingstone discovered Lake Ngami Amelia Bloomer began women's dress reform slave Harriet Tubman escaped, started working with Underground Railway Elizabeth Blackwell, 1st American women to obtain a medical degree |
 Johann Strauss, Jr. composed about 170 waltzes--the most beloved being "The Beautiful Blue Danube".  James Fenimore Cooper was an author of international stature and continuing influence.  Davy Crockett was one of America's most colorful frontiersmen and folk heroes.  Arthur Wellesley, duke of Wellington, defeated Napoleon I at the Battle of Waterloo and later served in several Tory ministries, including one he headed as prime minister.  Alfred, Lord Tennyson, was the preeminent English poet of his time.  Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna dominated Mexico for 30 years and led it into a disastrous war with the United States.  Elizabeth Barrett was an English poet.  Jenny Lind was one of the most celebrated singers of her time and was known by her adoring public as "the Swedish nightingale."  Edgar Allan Poe, virtually created the detective story and perfected the psychological thriller.  Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was the most popular and influential American poet of the 19th century  Abner Doubleday was an American military officer who is often incorrectly credited as the originator of baseball.  David Livingstone opened Africa to the West.  Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to obtain a medical degree from a U.S. medical school. |
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