The Year 1975
History and Politics
US government cuts off aid to Turkey.
Turkish Cypriots set up seperate state in northern Cyprus,
which is denounced by Cyprus's President makarios.
Margaret Thatcher becomes leader of the british Conservative Party.
Fierce fighting erupts between Ethiopia government troops and
seccessionist guerrillas in the province of Eritrea.
John N. Mitchell, Johnd D. Erlichman, and H R Haldeman, powerful members of the Nixon
Administration, are convicted and sentenced to 2 and 1/2 to 8 years in prison for their
roles in the Watergate cover-up; Robert C. mardian is given 10 months to 3 year sentence;
E. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy imprisoned for Watergate conpiracy & break in.
King Faisal of Saudi Arabia is assassinated by nephew,
who is beheaded, new king is Khalid, brother of Faisal.
Cambodian President Lon Nol flees beseiged Phnom penh before Communist
takeover; US Embassy closes and last Americans leave.
Nguyen Van Thieu resigns as President from S. Vietnam; Communtist forces overrun S. Vietnam;
US engages in immediate evacuation of troops, civillians, and refugees; Communists seize Saigon;
US ends 2 decades of military envolvement in the Vietnam War; US Congress approves $405 million
for Vietnamese refugee aid and resettlement in the US.
Nobel Peace Prize: Andrei D. Sakharov, Russian phisicist who developed the Soviet Union's hydrogen bomb.
Egypt re-opens the Suez Canal.
Cambodian naval ship fires on and seizes US merchant ship "Mayaguez," which is retrieved by US forces.
Communist-led Pathet Lao take control of Laos.
US withdraws its last combat aircraft from Taiwan and reduces its miliraty force there to 2,800.
Bloody fighting occurs between rival rightist Christians and leftist Muslems in Beirut, Lebanon;
cabint of prominent Christians and Moslems is formed to halt fighting.
Mariana Islands vote to become American citizens and to make the islands
a commonwealth of the US, 1st territorial acquisition by the US since 1925.
The Greek cabinet commutes the death sentence of former president George Papadopolous to life inprisonment.
Leaders of 35 nations sign the charter of the Conference on Security and
Cooperationin Helsinki, Finland (Helsinki accord).
40 Islamic nations meeting in Saudi Arabia vote to expel Isreal from the UN.
Malcolm Fraser becomes Prime Minister of Australia.
Oil prices are raised 10% by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Two assassination attempts made on President Ford in California.
Peru's President Juan Velasco Alvarado is ousted in military coup &
replaced by his Premier, General Francisco Morales Bermudez.
King Savang Vatthana of Laos abdicates the throne; a peoples democratic republic is formed.
Justice William O. Douglas retires from the US Supreme Court after serving
36 1/2 years; John Paul Stevens takes his seat on the Court.
Portugal grants independence to its former African colonies of Angola, Mozambique,
Cape Verde, and Sao Tome and Principe; the Comoro Islands, a former French colony
declare their independence; Papua New guinea becomes independent nation;
Surinam becomes independent of The Netherlands.
Science, Technology, Growth
US Viking unammed spacecraft sets off on 500 million mile journey to Mars to seek signs of life.
US Apollo and Soviet Soyuz 19 spacecrafts link up 140 miles above earth; American astronauts
Brig. General Thomas P. Stafford, Donald K. Slayton, and Vance D. Brand shake hands
and share meals with Soviet cosmonauts Col. Aleksei Leonov and Valery N.
Kubasov; the first international Manned space flight.
William D. Cooledge, US, inventor of the X-ray tube dies.
Linus C. Pauling receives the US National Medal of Honor from President Ford.
Atlantic salmon, gone 100 years, return to spwan in the Conneticut River,
which was restocked in 1973; sturgeon coming back to Hudson River.
Nobel Prize for Ecomonics: Leonid V. Kanttorovich (USSR) and Tyalling C. Kroopmans (US)
Nobel Prize for Chemistry: John W. Cornforth (Eng) and Vladimair Prelog (Swiss)
Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology: David Baltimore, Howard M. Temin, and Renato Dulbecco (all US)
Nobel Prize for Physics: Janes Rainwater (US), Ben R. Mottelson (Dan), and Aage N. Bohr (Dan)
John R. Dunning, American physicist who helped develope the method of isolating U-235 dies.
Daily Life
Kidnappings by leftists, radicals, and terrorists in Argentina,
W. Germany, Italy, Somalia, Tanzania, and other countries.
Charlie Chaplin and P G Wosehouse are knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.
Pittsburgh Steelers defeat Minnesota Vikings, 16-6 to win Super Bowl.
New York City, needing cash to avert default, appeals to Federal government.
London's worst subway crash leaves 41 dead and more than 90 injured.
Ezzard Charles, former world heavyweight boxing champion dies.
Junko Tabei, 35 year old Japanese, becomes first women to climb
Mt. Everest; 36th person to reach summit.
Amer. Air Force cargo jet carrying 243 Vietnamese orphans to the US, crashes
and burns shortly after takeoff from Saigon; more than 100 children die.
Philidelphia Flyers defeat Buffalo Sabres to win hockeys Stanley Cup.
Unemployment in US reaches 9.2%, highest since 1941.
Patricia Hearst id captured by FBI.
John Walker (N.Z.) runs the mile in 3 minutes, 49.4 seconds, a new world's record.
James R. Hoffa, former president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, disappears.
Mauna Loa erupts in Hawaii, first time since 1950.
Eastern Airlines jet crashes at New York's Kennedy Int. Airport;
113 die in America's worst domestic airlines crash.
Animal encephalitis outbreak rages in 16 US states, worst in years.
W A "tony" Boyle, former head of the United Mine Workers, is sentenced to 3 consecutive
life terms for ordering the murder of union official Joseph A. Yablonski.
The cost of mailing a first-class letter in the US increases from 10 cents to 13 cents.
Billie Jean King (US) captures her 6th Wombeldon win; Chris Evert (US) wins US open;
Manuel Orantes (Sp) wins US Open & Canadian Open; Sweden takes the Davis Cup.
Cincinnati Reds defeat Boston Red Sox 4 games to 3 to win World Series.
Jack Nicklaus wins his 5th Masters and 4th PGA championship.
First Women's Bank opens in New York.
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