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Artists Corner

• CANTATA short dramatic musical production, secular or religious; written for several solo singers, chorus, organ, small orchestra.
• CAPRICCIO light, whimsical musical composition
• CHORALE a German Protestant church hymn, sung to a traditional melody.
• CLAVICHORD keyboard instrument whose tone is produced by tiny brass blades striking the strings. Plays so softly it can't accompany other instruments.
• CLAVIER stringed instrument with keyboard, like a piano.
• CONCERTO musical composition for 1 or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra.
• COUNTERPOINT musical composition with related but independent melodies heard separately.
• FANTASY/FANTASIA musical composition in free form
• FUGUE musical composition where singers or instruments enter successively, imitating the main theme in various ways.
• ORATORIO large-scale musical work, usually deals with bible subjects; performed by narrator, soloists, chorus, orchestra.
• PASSACAGLIA musical composition based on a Spanish dance.
• PASSION oratorio telling the Easter story according to any of the 4 gospels.
• PRELUDE free form musical composition often precedes a fugue.
• TOCCATA brilliant musical composition shows performer's skill.

Sonata Allegro - A B| development| recap A B| coda.

Keys I, V relation. Development, modulate (change key)

Large scale ternary - |:A:|:B A:| Rondo - a b a c a d ...

3rd movement |:A:|:B A:|:A:|:B A:|A minuet B trio

TEMPO MARKINGS AND SCALES

Presto, allegro, vivace, allegretto, moderato, andante, largo, adagio, lento, grave. Relative terms for each conductor.

• Ma non troppo (but not too much)
• Assai (enough)
• Poco (little)
• Meno (less)
• Pui (more)
• Molto (very)
• Rit - ritardando (go slower)
• Accel - accelerando (go faster)
• A tempo (return to original tempo)
• sf - sfortzando (accent)
• Dot above note (staccato)
• Legato (opposite of staccato)
• Dynamic (volume)
• Tr - trill. :| roll up, |: roll down.

SCALES

• Major scale - 1, 4, 5, 8; preliminary triads.
• Minor scale - 2, 3, 6 minor; 7 is diminished.
• Triad root (lower note) must have a 3rd.
• Inversion - top note down; connect to other chords or add color.

ATONAL SCALES

• Western music based on tension/release concept of harmony.
  Baroque, classical, romantic, after which a breakdown.

  Bottom 2 notes of triad: major chord, 4 half-steps; minor chord, 3 half-steps.

  No formal center around a certain pitch, e g 12-tone.

  Consonant: 3 5 6 8

  Dissonant: 2 4 7

Music KEYS

The key in FLAT is the 2nd from the right.

The key in SHARP is 1/2 step - 1 note - above the last #.

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