Guatemala


Check the Native American sub-index.
 

Ikus Ameriketako hizkuntzen azpi-aurkibidea


Guatemalan Indians

Half the inhabitants of Guatemala are native indians, most of them Mayas. They are however, completely under the rule of the Spanish speaking, the Ladinos. There are 21 Maya languages in Guatemala (see below), and two other indian languages: Xinca (see below) and Garifuna (see in another page), the language spoken by descendants of fugitive slaves. In 1995 Mayan languages got some degree of recognition in Guatemala's constitution. Apparently, natives have now the right to change the name of their town to the native form, if they choose so...

 

 

Guatemalako indiarrak

Guatemalako biztanleen erdiak indiarrak dira, gehienak Mayak. Hala ere, erabat zapalduta daude gaztelaniaz mintzo diren Ladinoen mendean. 21 hizkuntza Maya daude (ikus beherago), eta beste bi hizkuntza indiar ere bai: Xinka (ikus beherago) eta Garifuna (ikus beste orri honetan), esklabu beltz iheslarien ondorengoen hizkuntza. 1995ean hizkuntza hauek halako ezagupen ofizial bat lortu dute Guatemalan. Toponimoei dagokienez, herri bakoitzak bere toki-izen orijinala berreskuratzeko eskubidea ere badu, gaztelaniaz inposatutakoa ezabatuz, baina hori egiatan inon aplikatuko ote den ikusteko dago...



Xinca, Szinca

The Szinca or Xinca people live in Southeastern Guatemala. Their language (no clear affinity to established language families) is either dead or in the verge of extinction. Nevertheless, we have a list of place names. All places except one are in the department of Santa Rosa Guatemala:

 

 

Xinka

Szinca edo Xinka herria bizi da Guatemalako hego-ekialdean. Beren mintzaira ez dute lotu hizkuntzalariak familia linguistiko handiekin, eta gainera hila edo hiltzekotan dago, apenas geratzen baita hiztunik. Guk leku-izen zerrenda bat lortu dugu bederen. Ia izen guztiak Santa Rosa Guatemala departamentukoak dira.


Gaztelaniaz / Spanish 

Xinka 

Atiquepaque (1) 

Szamvepvey 

Chiquimulilla 

Txege 

Guazacapan 

Tximaja 

Nancinta 

Evesza 

Santa Maria Ixhuatan 

Szampiya 

Sinacantan 

Evesztamay 

Tacuilula (2) 

Unul 

Taxisco 

Cucu 

Tecuaco 

Tugcugua 

Tepeaco (1) 

Tagti Szamipiya 

(1) Herri hauek ez dira jada esistitzen / Town no longer exists
(2) Jutiapa departamentuko hegoaldean / Located in in southern Jutiapa dept. 

Mayas in Guatemala

There are 21 Maya languages in Guatemala. Of those, we list in this page the following: Ch'orti', Q'anjobal, Akateko and Jakalteko. In another page: Mam, Ixil, Q'eqchi', K'iche', Tz'utujil, Achi, and Poqomam. Not listed yet in GeoNative: Poqomchi, Itzaj, Mopan, Chuj, Tektiteko, Awakateko, Uspanteko, Sipakapense, Sakapulteko, Kakchiquel, and Poqomchi. There are also several Maya languages in Mexico (as Yucatec and Tzotzil, see this page). The language of the Classical Maya civilisation was of the Cholan sub-family of Mayan languages. Ch'orti' is the present-day Guatemalan language closest to that spoken by the builders of Tikal, Uaxactun...

Mayak Guatemala

21 hizkuntza Maya daude Guatemalan. Horietarik honako hauek zerrendatzen ditugu orri honetan bertan: Ch'orti', Q'anjobal, Akateko eta Jakalteko. Beste orri honetan: Mam, Ixil, Q'eqchi', K'iche', Tz'utujil, Achi, eta Poqomam. Oraindik leku-izenik gabe GeoNativen: Poqomchi, Itzaj, Mopan, Chuj, Tektiteko, Awakateko, Uspanteko, Sipakapense, Sakapulteko, Kakchiquel, eta Poqomchi.Mexikon ere badira zenbait hizkuntza Maya Chiapasen eta Yukatanen (ikus hemen, Yukateko eta Tzotzil). Maya Klasikoen zibilizazioaren hizkuntza Maya familiako Chol azpi-familiakoa zen. Gaurko Guatemalako hizkuntzen artean, harekin antz handiena duena Ch'orti' da.


Kanjobal

Kanjobal or Q'anjobal (proper accepted spelling used by Mayas),. 125,000 speakers in the northern part of Huehuetenango department. This language is close geographically and linguistically, to Jakalteko and Akateko.

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Q'anjobal

Kanjobal edo Q'anjobal (Mayek darabilten idazkeran hori da forma zuzena) Huehuetenango departamenduko iparraldean bizi da. 125.000 hiztun daude. Geografikoki eta linguistikoki Akateko eta Jakalteko hizkuntzetatik oso gertu dago Q'anjobalera.


Gaztelaniaz / Spanish

Q'anjobal

Caserío Barillas

Ch'ib'laq

Cerro Colorado

Kaqwitz

Chibal Chiquito

Yal Ch'ib'al

Chibal Grande

Miman Ch'ib'al

Guachona

Wachona'

Guadalupe

Wadalupa

Huehuetenango

Chinab'jul / Chinajul

Icalá

Ikala'

Jacaltenango

Xaqla'

Jolomchen

Jolom Ch'en

Jolomtaj

Jolom Taj

Nebaj

Nayb'aj

Pueblo Nuevo

Pweblo Nuewo

Quetzal

Ketzal

Quisil [river]

Yula K'isil

San Antonio

Xhan Anton

San Francisco

San Pransisko

San Ramón

Xhan Lamon

Tejera

Tejera / Tijera

Tziquiná

Tz'ikina'


Jacaltec

Some 40,000 people speak Jacaltec or Jakalteko (proper accepted spelling used by Mayas, but also called Popti'), in the Huehuetenango department of Guatemala, near Jacaltenango, bordering with Mexico. There are also some 500 native Jacaltec in Mexico. There are two main dialects, eastern and western.

The following character appears here written in ASR system: n¨ [n + diaeresis].

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Jakalteko, Popti'

40,000 lagun mintzo da Jakalteko hizkuntzan (Popti' forma ere erabiltzen da), Huehuetenango departsmentuan, Jacaltenango inguruan Guatemalan, Mexikoko mugatik gertu. Mugaz bestalde, Mexikon, beste 500 Jakalteko ere izan litezke. Bi dialekto nagusi daude, ekialdekoa eta mendebaldekoa.

Honako karakterea ASR sistemarekin adierazia hemen: n¨ [n + bi puntu goian].


Gaztelaniaz / Spanish

Jakalteko

Buxup

B'uxub'

Catarina / Santa Catarina

Santakatal

Chejbal

Chehb'al

Chiantla

Chantan

Guatemala [capital]

Xek'a'

Inchewex

Yin¨ Ch'ewex

La Laguna

Alaguna

Lupiná

Lupina'

Olintepeque

Xechik'il

San Antonio Huista

Saantonyo

San Marcos

Samarkus

San Martín

Xhamaltin

San Mateo

Payhil

Santa Catarina / Catarina

Santakatal

Tzisbaj

Tzisb'aj


Acatec

Acatec or Akateko (proper spelling) is spoken in western Guatemala, around San Miguel Acatán by some 35.000 people. This language is close geographically and linguistically, to Jakalteko and Q'anjobal. It has also been called Western Q'anjobal sometimes.

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Akateko

Akateko hizkuntza 35.000 lagunen mintzaira da Guatemalako mendebaldea, San Miguel Acatán-en inguruan. Mendebaldeko Q'anjobal izena ere jaso izan du hizkuntza honek inoiz. Geografikoki eta linguistikoki Q'anjobal eta Jakalteko hizkuntzetatik oso gertu dago.


Gaztelaniaz / Spanish

Akateko

Achí

Ach'i'

Caan

Q'aan

Canmox

Q'anmox

Cantelaj

Q'antelaj

Caxnajap

Q'axnaawu

Chemalito

Cheq'antxitx

Chiquival

Chikawal

Coban

Ko'ban

Guatemala [capital]

Xeeq'a'

Ixtinajap

Sti' Nab'

Jacaltenango

Xajla' / Hula'

Jom

Hoom

Los Molinos

Mulina

Mujubal

Mujub'al

Quetzaltenango

Xelaub'

San Juan Ixcoy

Sanwan

San Miguel Acatán

Samiel

San Pedro Soloma

Tz'uluma'

San Rafael la Independencia

Sarapel

Santa Eulalia

Xhantolal

Yalisan

Yaal Ixhan


Chortí

Ch'orti' (Chorti), 52.000 speakers in 1995. They live near the Honduras border, but no speakers are left in Honduras. The language is close to Chol and Tzeltal, spoken in Chiapas, Mexico.

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Ch'orti'

Ch'orti' (Chorti), 52.000 hiztun (1995ean). Ekialdean Hondurasko mugan bizi da herri hau. Hondurasen, hala ere, ez da jada hiztunik geratzen. Chiapasko Chol eta Tzeltal hizkuntzetatik gertu linguistikoki.


Gaztelaniaz / Spanish

Ch'orti'

Guaraquiche

Wa'rakich

Guareruche

Wa'reruch

Lantiquín

Lant'ikin

Pajcó

Pakko'

Taguayní

Tawaynij

Tunucó

Tunuk' Kojn


Mapak / Maps

Mapak beste leiho batean irekiko zaizkizu.
Maps will open in a new window.

Mayen kokapen historikoa
Historic range of th Mayas

Guatemalako Maya hizkuntzak
Maya languages of Guatemala


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