FILM STUDY QUESTIONS FOR ANTH. 1101 Film: The Day the Universe Changed: Darwin’s Revolution James Burke Study Questions: 1. What point about our contemporary view of CHANGE does James Burke make at the opening of the film with the automobile? 2. What was the general worldview in the 18th Century? 3. Who was Linnaeus? Where did he live? What did he believe? What did he do for botany? 4. How does the 2 name system work for species? 5. Who was inflamed by Linnaeus? 6. What was the Swiss idea of the Great Chain of Being? 7. Who was Buffon? Where did he work? What did he do? How did he view varieties? 8. Who was Smith? What did he do and find? What was implied about strata with no fossils? 9. What was the fossil problem George Cuvier had? How did his idea of comparative anatomy work? What kind of bones were indicating extinction and how did Cuvier explain the "monsters." 10. How did "wierdo" William Buckland explain extinction? What about the fish? 11. What did Hutton think caused change? 12. What did Mount Aetna and the volcanic cones indicate to Charles Lyell about the age of the Earth? 13. What did the shellfish in limestone indicate to Lyell? 14. Who read Principles of Geology by Lyell? 15. What did Wallace study? What did he notice? Who did he write a letter to? 16. What caused changes in the eighteenth century worldview? 17. Who studied pigeon breeding to back up a new theory? 18. What did Malthus say about food and population? 19.How did pigeon breeders create varieties? How did Darwin think evolution worked to create varieties and new species in nature? 20. What reaction was there to Origin of Species? 21. How was the "gap in the record" missing link problem remedied? 22. How did Darwin’s theory of biological evolution influence (change) the next century, German nationalism, American capitalism, Marxism? 23. Did "Social Darwinism" justify struggle and violence as a "natural" method of changing people and society? Should biology dictate what "should" be policy for human societies? Film: The Gene Parts 1 and 2 Keys to Scientific Literacy Hawkhill Video Study Questions: 1. What was Gregor Mendel’s occupation and where did he live? 2. How did people view inheritance before Mendel? 3. What plant did Mendel do his experiments with? 4. What surprised Mendel when he did his first experiments? 5. In the first generation are parental traits "blended"? 6. What amount of offspring showed the dominant traits of tallness and what amount showed recessive traits for shortness? 7. What year did Mendel publish and when was his work "rediscovered?" 8. What are the Basic Laws of Heredity? 9. How did Charles Darwin and Frances Galton think inheritance worked? 10. When did James Watson and Frances Crick figure out the molecular structure of genes? 11. What did Muller find caused mutations? 12.What three things led to understanding the molecular structure of genes? 13. What is DNA? Why is it important? 14. What is the DNA molecule made up of, and what does its structure look like? 15. What is the special characteristic of the nucleotide bases and what can they connect with? 16. What are gene researchers doing with this new information? Part 2 17. How much DNA would it take to make all the people in the world? 18. What is a gene? 19. How many genes do you have? 20. Do we know what all of the DNA does? 21. Where is DNA stored? 22. What is cloning? 23. What is meiosis? 24. How does a single fertilized egg (the zygote) turn into a human being? 25. What is mitosis? 26. How is mitosis different from meiosis? 27. How does DNA replicate? 28. Where do the "floating chemicals" come from that allow DNA to replicate? 29. Do we know how all the cells become different in the human body? What is "differentiation?" 30. What can RNA do that DNA cannot? 31. What does the actual "work" of the differentiated cells? 32. What are restriction enzymes used for? 33. Review 1. What is a gene? 2. What is the molecular structure called? 3. What does the base sequence of DNA do? 4. When you change the DNA code what happens? What is a mutation? 5. What effect does mutation have on change in a species? 34. What is recombinant DNA technology? How does it work? 35. What is cut and paste genetics? 36. What are the risks? Thought Provokers: 1). Extinct mastodon meat is well preserved in the peat bogs of Monte Verde, Chile and the Arctic has "freeze dried" many intact mammoth specimens (many of these were displayed at the Mall of America a few years ago). Biologists can now clone sheep. Do you hink we should clone a mammoth and mastodon (and perhaps open up "Pleistocene Park?") 2). Should we clone a Neandertal? Could we? (See last weeks’s handout from the NY Times). 3). Should we clone you? Film: Genetics: Patterns of Inheritance Study Questions: 1. What species is used in this film’s genetic experiments? Why? 2. How many butterfly wing patterns have been recorded? 3. How is "recessive" and "dominant" defined in the butterfly offspring? 4. Are "recessive" genes preserved? 5. What causes concentric eyespots on butterfly wings? 6. How does manipulative surgery affect the eyespots? 7. Are a large number of genes needed to control the patterns on butterfly wings? 8. What do the bright patterns "advertise" to predators? 9. What do butterfly smells tell you? 10. What 4 things determine butterfly wing patterns? 11. How can temperature shock (i.e. environment) affect patterns on butterfly wings? 12. The interaction between genes and the environment over time is called the study of _____________? 13. How and why do genes (and form) change over time? Film: Evolution: The 4 Billion Year Legacy Carl Sagan: Cosmos series 1. What point does Carl Sagan make about studying only the biology of the Earth? 2. How did "samurai faces" get on the back of Japanese crabs? 3. What is that an example of ? 4. What is an example of the extinction of a species? 5. How does natural selection work? 6. How does mutation work? 7. What is the "watchmaker analogy?" 8. If the age of the universe is metaphorically taken to be a "cosmic year" for purposes of illustrating the relative dates when events occurred, in what month was the Earth formed? 9. When does life on Earth begin? 10. What are the two "secrets" of the evolution of life? 11. How old in actual years is the Earth? 12. What made the "organic soup" of the early Earth? 13. What were the "ancestors" of DNA like? 14. What are the nucleotides in a DNA molecule? 15. When was sex invented and by who (what organism)? 16. What "made the sky?" 17. What was the "Cambrian explosion?" 18. What does the extinction of the dinosaurs after 150 million years of ruling the Earth indicate? 19. What is the relationship of baboons to us? 20. What are your impressions after viewing 4 billion years of evolution compressed into thirty seconds? Film: "Life in the trees" with David Attenborough Study Questions: 1)What is the range of habitats for primates? 2)What are the differences between prosimians (e.g. leaping lemurs) and other primates? 3)What are the differences between Old World Monkeys and New World Monkeys? 4)What is the habitat and culture of the Macaques (e.g. the ones in Japan)? 5)What are the differences between apes and other primates? Prosimians- What are they Madagascar - where is it? Where (on the planet) are the following primate species found, what is their habitat, and what are their special characteristics: Ring-tailed lemur-(e.g. grasping hands, scenting trees, forest, Madagascar, etc.) Shifka-(e.g. the white lemur that leaps across the ground, trees, open ground, Madagascar, etc.) Indri-(the loud vocalizer) Brown lemur Aye-aye Galagos Loris-(the nocturnal lemur) Tarsier-(nocturnal, very large eyes) Marmoset-(furry ears, gum eaters - 1/2 way to a monkey) Squirrel Monkey-(New World Monkey with grasping tails "organ grinder" monkey) Howler Monkey-(largest noise of any mammal (5km), good color vision, So. America) Vervet-Old World Monkey Baboon-Old World ground dwelling Macaque-Gibraltar to Japan; learned to wash sweet potatoes;babies watch and learn; have a shared culture;adaptable Orang-utan-heavy ape that is "4 handed"; swinging; no tail; SE Asia Gibbon-long arms;permanently curved fingers; 1/3 have fractures Gorilla-ground adapted; the foot has lost most of its grasp Chimpanzee-our closest "cousin" (given millions of years) nimble mind;uses facial recognition; eats everything;tool-using;tastes everything; curious; experimental;mother/child bonding;grooming;social communication;group hunting;flexible;transmit learned behavior to the young Film: National Geographic, Jane Goodall Tools / Food Sharing Tools How does Jane Goodall define a "tool?" Where does she do her research? What park and country? What is the making of a bed (nest) in a tree by a chimp an example of? Do chimps have a precision grip? When do they use it their grip? Are chimps curious? How do chimps learn? What tools does Flint use? What role does "play" have? How much does an adult weigh, and how strong is a chimp? How did Mike become the Alpha male? What does branch shaking mean to a chimp? What weapons do chimps use against baboons? How long is the rainy season and what is the relationship to termiting? What is one example of chimp forethought? What is termiting and how do the young learn? What was learned about chimps from the banana box experiments? What do chimps use leaves and grass for in the wild? What is the relationship between observational learning, problem solving, and tool use? What do chimps use tools for? Do chimps have culture? Food Sharing Why study chimps and food? How far do chimps travel in a day? What do chimps do during the day? When is food scarce? What do chimps eat? How much time is spent eating? What is required to move through the forest? How do baboons and chimps compare in the trees and on the ground? What is the function of sensitive lips? How are rocks used in feeding? What do chimps do when they reunite as a group? Why did banana feeding start? What effect did banana feeding have? What is an arrival display? What effect did banana feeding have on the chimp relations with baboons and other chimps? Who do chimps share food with? Who eat caterpillers, termites? Do baboons termite? Why not? What is the relationship between chimps and baboons? What determines if begging works? What primate do chimps hunt most? What sequence caused the redirected aggression? What is eaten inside the bones? Summary: Film: In Search of Human Origins (Part 1) Don Johanson How rare are early hominid fossils? Where is the Great Rift Valley? How deep is it, and how many years are exposed? What does the land look like? Why look in Africa for fossils? Where are the earliest fossils found? Where is Hadar? Who are the Afar (as in "Australopithecus Afarensis") What did Lucy die of ? Taphonomy What happened to her body? What taphonomic processes took place before her remains were found by archaeologists? 1. 2. 3. 4. How are the fossils found at Hadar? What point does Don Johanson make about the identification of animal bones? How many species are represented in the finds at Hadar? What animal bones does he find on film? What kind of environment was Hadar 3 million years ago? What human characteristics do chimps have? How much smaller is a chimp brain than a human brain? How hot is Hadar? What hominid part did Don Johanson find first? Who is Owen Lovejoy? Do chimps knees lock? What does the volcanic ash tell us? What is Flash Gordon and how does it age ash? How old was the knee? What did the jaw and teeth tell them? How tall was the female? How did Lucy get her name? What was surprising about Lucy? What was odd about the way the hip was fossilized? What taphonomic process affected the hipbone? How did Owen Lovejoy reconstruct the hip? What did Mary Leakey find? Where is Laetoli? When (what season) did the volcanic ash fall? What caused the preservation of the footprints? How do the Laetoli prints compare to a chimp? What creates an arch? What is its function? What was Lucy like? What did the research team do when cranium fragments were found? Why do they screen, use brushes, and use measuring grids? What kind of face, eyebrow ridges and skull size did Lucy’s kind have? How did the environment change? What effect did this have on the primates? Who reproduces faster, monkeys or apes? What were Lucy’s competitive advantages? What kind of hand tools are used during excavation? Which arm bone does Don Johanson put together? How was the new ulna different from Lucy’s ulna? What does that suggest about Lucy’s social life? Which primate is used as an analogy? What are the gorilla teeth used for? What doesn’t fit the gorilla model? Do the males have large canines? What does that suggest about Australopithecine social organization? What advantages did bipedalism have? What did Lucy look like? Did Lucy termite? How long did australopithecines exist? Film: Language Why is language important? How do other animals communicate? How do Vervet monkeys communicate? What 3 calls are used? What was the first research approach? How many words did Koko have? According to Jane Goodall, what happened to Lucy? What did David Premack do? How do chimps learn a word? How many symbols did Sarah learn? What can’t Sarah do? What is the main deficiency in chimps? How do chimps compare to humans? What is Jane Goodall’s view of what makes humans unique? What is the importance of the round tongue and lowered larynx? When did this occur? What must have occurred in the human brain? How did Neandertals communicate according to Phillip Lieberman? What couldn’t Neandertal do? Note the top of the tongue on Xray. What speech anatomy did Homo erectus have? What are 3 disadvantages of speech? What is the key to human thought? When hearing is absent from birth what happens? Is language connected to sound or speech? How are nouns and verbs differentiated? Does American Sign Language have grammar? On what side of the brain (in most people) is language processed? Is this true with deaf people? Are the brains of deaf people like the brains of hearing people? How do deaf people think? Does language emerge even without speech? (Could Homo erectus have language even without speech? How would they communicate? What would they think "with"?) What does the mother-child research aim to understand? What do babies respond to? What do mothers and babies instinctively do? What is active from birth? Patricia Kuhl - What sounds can babies differentiate? Can babies generalize? Do babies come into the world with the basics of language built in? How many languages are there? What is a "Creole" language? What does the Dutch Colony in Surinam’s language research indicate? When does a Creole language appear? What is a "pidgeon" language? Who makes the grammar for new languages? Languages are the instinctive creation of who? What does the PET scanner research show? What does a PET scan show? Where in the brain is speech generated? Where in the brain are verbs generated? What do brain damage studies show? Why is "Who does what to whom" an important distinction. What does Wernicke’s area does? Is there a single area of the brain where language is located? Language teachers say "Another language another soul," Do other languages allow other ways of looking at things Does an eskimo have more words for snow? Do they think differently? What was Worf’s idea as described by linguist Ekkehart Malotki? Is the Hopi language divorced from the idea of "time" according to Ekkehart Malotki? How is the Hopi concept of time affected by environment? How is language categorization affected by what’s important to them (e.g. environment)? What was Benjamin Worf’s idea about language and mind?
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