ANTH 1101 Spring 1997: FINAL EXAM STUDY SHEET
The following is partial list of terms and concepts to study for the
final exam. NOT EVERY TERM or
CONCEPT you might be asked about on the exam is necessarily on this study
guide! Final exam format:
multiple choice, matching, and essay. For the essay portion of the exam,
two of the three essays at
the end of this study sheet will appear on the final. You will choose
one of these as your final exam
essay.
Dating Techniques
relative dating
absolute dating
radiometric dating
carbon 14 dating
potassium-argon dating
volcanic tuffs
Genus Homo physical features
zygomatic arch
prognathism
encephalization quotient
post-orbital constriction
occipital torus
ramus
sagittal keel
Homo habilis:
Pleistocene
Louis & Mary Leakey
Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
coexistence w/Paranthropus Genus
Oldowan tradition (core tools)
increase in cranial capacity
scavenging
DK1 and FLK North, Olduvai Gorge
Homo rudolfensis
Glynn Isaac
home base model
taphonomy
Homo erectus:
Pleistocene: 1.6 mya - 10,000 ya
interglacials
Homo heidelbergensis (European)
Homo ergaster (African)
hunting, gathering and scavenging
Richard Leakey & Alan Walker
Nariokotome boy
Acheulian tradition (core tools)
hand axes, cleavers
East Asia exception
Eugene Dubois
Trinil, Java 1891-2
Pithecanthropus erectus
Sangiran, Java
Longgupo Cave, China
Zhoukoudian, China
Franz Weidenreich
Sinanthropus pekinensis
Movius line
anatomical features of H. erectus
Olorgesaille, Kenya
Ubeidiya, Israel
Dmanisi, Russia
Heidelberg, Germany
Boxgrove, England
Torralba & Ambrona, Spain
Clacton on Sea, England
Shelter/Structures:
Terra Amata, France
Henry de Lumley
Mauer jaw - Mauer, Germany
evidence for fire
significance of fire
language ability
endocasts
Broca's Area
Wernicke's Area
thoracic neural canal
Acheulian stone tools
paleoecology: pollen, diatoms
Late H. erectus/early Archaic:
classification difficulties
regional variation
dating problems
Archaic Homo sapiens sites:
Bodo, Ethiopia
Broken Hill/Kabwe, Zambia
Steinheim, Germany
Atapuerca, Spain: Sima de los Huesos
general archaic physical features
tool tradition:
prepared core (levallois)
flake tools
regional variation
Neandertal archaics:
geographic distribution
Atapuerca, Spain
Mousterian prepared core tradition
Neander Valley, Germany
La Chapelle aux Saints, France
Marcellin Boule
St. Cesaire, France
altricial birthaltruism
ceremonialism
hyoid
Kurds
general Neand. physical features
Neandertal lifestyle
caves/open air sites
hunting & gathering
burial of the dead
inhumation
La Chapelle aux Saints, France
La Ferrassie, France
Shanidar Cave, Iraq (Solecki)
caring for sick/injured/old
Shanidar Cave, Iraq
La Chapelle aux Saints, France
violence
Shanidar Cave, Iraq
Skhul, Israel
cannibalism/ "head cult"
Guattari Cave, Italy
"cave bear cult"
Drachenloch, Switzerland
Regourdou, France
language
Kebara Cave, Israel
Modern H. sapiens sapiens (a.m.H.s) Klasies
River Mouth Caves, S. Africa
attritional vs. catastrophic age
profiles
Border Cave, S. Africa
Cro Magnon, France
Katanda, Zaire
general a.m.s. physical features
language and associated anatomy
Theories for Origins of a.m.H.s. and
Interaction with Archaics:
Genetic Replacement model
Population Replacement model
Chris Stringer
Multiregional Origins/Regional
Continuity Model
Milford Wolpoff
molecular data:
"Eve Hypothesis"
Stoneking, Wilson & Cann
Upper Paleolithic (UP)
Innovations in the UP:
blade tool technology
changes in hunting & subsistence
cooperative hunting
Solutre, France
settlement pattern changes
use of new materials: bone,
antler, horn
complex personal ornaments
evidence for trade
increased number of burials
Sungir, Russia
focus on non-util. behaviors:
musical instruments
art - cave & portable
notational art (A. Marshack)
Altamira, Spain (1879)
Dordogne region, France
Lascaux Cave, France
rate of cultural change quickens
Colonization of the Globe in the UP:
Americas:
Beringia land bridge
Clovis culture
Australia:
Lake Mungo, Australia
Kow Swamp, Australia
Essays
1. Compare and contrast the burials at
Shanidar and Sungir. What do these burials
indicate about the two species (Neandertals
and a.m.H.s) technologically, symbolically,
cognitively, and socially? You must support
your answer with specific examples, dates and
details.
2. How did subsistence (the process &
techniques of acquiring food) change during
the following sequence?
Homo habilis ---> Homo erectus --->
archaics/Neandertals ---> a.m.s.
What trends can you identify? Choose one
representative site for each species/group in
the sequence and discuss the evidence for
subsistence (meat eating through scavenging?
hunting? utilization of plant resources?)
contained at that site. You must support
your answer with specific examples, dates and
details.
3. Describe four cultural innovations that
took place in the Upper Paleolithic (see your
text, pp. 344-350). How do these
activities/behaviors differ from those seen
in previous periods? What does this imply
about the differences (technological
symbolic, cognitive, social, etc.) between
modern humans and previous Homo species? You
must support your answer with specific sites,
dates, details, etc.
© 1997 call0031@tc.umn.edu
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