ACCUSATIVE. - Qua, quo, qui, when they are the object of a verb and placed before the subject, take the accusative (-n):
La viro quan vu vidis, The man whom you saw.
Quin vu vidas? Whom (plural) do you see?
Quon il dicis? What did he say?
Me ne audis quon il dicis, I did not hear what he said.

PLURAL PRONOUNS. - The adjective is invariable; but when used without a noun, it becomes a noun itself, and takes the plural, if necessary:
Blanka hundi, nigra kavali, White dogs, black horses.
La blanki, e la nigri, The whites and the blacks.
Il manjis sua pomi, el manjis sui, He ate his apples, she ate hers.

DERIVATION. - The adjective in -a forms a noun in -o having the same sense:
bon-a, good; bon-o, good one, good man.
acesor-a, accessory; acesor-o, an accessory.
Or, vice versa:
or-o, gold; or-a, golden, made of gold.

AFFIXES. - -al forms adjectives meaning "belonging to" or "relating to":
univers-ala, universal. racion-ala, rational.
-oz means "full of," "containing", "rich in":
por-oza, porous. sabl-oza, sandy.
kuraj-oza, courageous. fam-oza, famous.
-em means "inclined to":
babil-ema, talkative. oci-ema, lazy.
labor-ema, industrious.
-ik means "sick of," "suffering from":
ftizi-iko, consumptive. artrit-iko, arthritic.
alkohol-iko, alcoholic patient.
-atr means "like," "similar to," "-ish":
sponj-atra, spongy. har-atra, hair-like.
verd-atra, greenish.
-e means "having the appearance or colour of":
viol-ea, violet (-coloured). musea, mouse-coloured.
roz-ea, rozy, pink.