un 1 | sep 7 |
du 2 | ok 8 |
tri 3 | non 9 |
quar 4 | dek 10 |
kin 5 | cent 100 |
sis 6 | mil 1000 |
As in English, numbers may be given out, e.g., when dictating, by
naming the digits only. The name of the digit 0 is zero. The last
two numbers given would then be:
un zero sis sis, 1066.
un non du tri, 1923.
Ordinals are formed by the suffix -esm:
unesma, 1st centesma, 100th.
duesma, 2nd milesma, 1000th.
triesma, 3rd dekeduesma, 12th.
dekesma, 10th.
omna duesma dio, every second day.
Cardinals and ordinals can be used as nouns or adverbs by adding -o or
-e:
uno, a unit trio, a trio
duo, a couple dekeduo, a dozen.
un-esmo, the first one une, in one manner.
dek-esmo, the tenth unesme, firstly.
Fractions are formed by the suffix -im:
du-imo, a half.
quar-imo, a quarter.
dek-imo, a tenth part.
cent-imo, a hundredth.
du triimi, two-thirds.
sep okimi, seven-eighths.
Multiples are formed by the suffix -opl:
du-opl-a, double. cent-opl-a, hundredfold.
(mult-opl-a, manifold.)
Distributives are formed by the suffix -op:
quar-op-e, in fours, four at a time.
(pok-op-e, little by little. vort-op-e, word for
word.)
The word times in counting is translated foye:
three times, tri-foye. once, un-foye.
a hundred times, cent-foye. twice, du-foye.
When used as prefixes the numbers have special forms (except 3):
mono-, bi-, tri-, quadri-, quinqua-, sexa-, septua-, okto-, nona-.
E.g. : mono-plano, bi-plano, tri-folio, quadri-pedo, etc.
PARTICIPLES.- The present participle active ends in -anta:
vid-anta, seeing.
The past participle passive ends in -ita:
vid-ita, seen.
These are the two chiefly needed; there are six altogether, the vowels -a-,
-i-, -o- being used exactly as in the indicative and infinitive to form a
present, a past, and a future participle, both in the active and in the
passive. This gives us the complete set:
pres. | vid-anta, seeing; | act. |
vid-ata, being seen; | pass. | |
past | vid-inta, having seen; | act. |
vid-ita, seen; | pass. | |
fut. | vid-onta, about to see; | act. |
vid-ota, about to be seen; | pass. |
How old are you? | Quante vu evas? |
I am ten (years old), | Me evas dek (yari), |
She was thirty (years old). | El evis triadek. |
When I was seven. | Kande me evis sep. |
He is aged (of age). | Il esas ev-oza (grand-eva). |
The aged gentleman. | La evoza sior-ulo. |
I am forty years of age. | Mea evo esas quaradek yari. |
The baby was five months old. | La infanteto evis kin monati. |