Logic Formulas

You will usually use the logical functions to see whether a condition is true or false. However, you can use them to check for multiple conditions also. The most often used of these functions is the "IF" function.

You can also use these functions together. This allows calculations that depend on various conditions (see example questions).

The "if" function will return one of two values depending on the condition set. The syntax is "=IF(CONDITION,VALUE IF CONDITION IS TRUE,VALUE IF CONDITION IS FALSE)". The condition being evaluated must be one that is either true or false. For example, if I enter the formula =if(A12/B12=4,A12,"Not Equal to 4") in cell A1, I will get the following results:
- Cell A12 contains the value of 24 and cell B12 contains the value of 6, A1 will equal 4.
- Cell A12 contains the value of 24 and cell B12 contains the value of 12, A1 will equal a text value of "Not Equal to 4".

The "and" function will return the "TRUE" value if all of the arguments are true (a total of 30 arguments can be entered). The arguments can be a cell or a formula. The syntax is "=AND(ARGUMENT1,ARGUMENT2,...). For example, the formula =and(15/5=3,25/5=5) will return the value "TRUE".

The "or" function will return the "TRUE" value if any of the arguments are true (a total of 30 arguments can be entered). The arguments can be a cell or a formula. The syntax is "=OR(ARGUMENT1,ARGUMENT2,...). For example, the formula =or(15/5=15,25/5=5) will return the value "TRUE". Even though 15/5 does not equal 15, 25/5 does equal 5.

Example questions:

Q I want to find out if three conditions are true and, if they are, return the value "All Good". If any one of them is not true, I want to return the value "Errors". How do I do this without nesting "if" statements.
A Use the "and" function. If the cell you want to examine is B5 and the conditions you want are: it must be greater than cell B4, it must equal cell A5, and it must be less than cell A4 then the formula is
=if(and(B5>B4,B5=A5,B5

Q Same situation as above except that if any on the conditions are true I want to return the value "Good". If all of them are not true, I want to return the value "Errors".
A Use the "or" function. If the cell you want to examine is B5 and the conditions you want are: it must be greater than cell B4, OR it must equal cell A5, OR it must be less than cell A4 then the formula is
=if(or(B5>B4,B5=A5,B5