Religious Freedom, Generally

First Amendment
Brief summary on the First Amendment to the Constitution

Native American Spirituality, Generally

White Buffalo Society
Mission is to "inspire, promote, and live in global harmony and peace with all the Creations." (Caution: This site was listed at the former Wanabi Tribal Home Page)

Native American Spirituality
Short essay on native religious development of Inuit, Eastern Subarctic, Eastern Woodlands, Plains and Southwest cultures

Federal Court Decisions and Native American Religious Liberty
Short list of federal court cases affecting NA religious liberty

Native American Sacred Sites
President Clinton's executive order on Indian sacred sites, May 24, 1996

Native Americans and Religious Freedom
Title: The Case for a "Re-Vision" of the First Amendment. Discusses historical and legal aspects of NA religious freedom.

Native American Spirituality
Planet-Peace Organization

Native Link to the Great Spirit
by John McFarland

Native American Religious Freedom in Prison, Generally

Native American Rights Fund (NARF) Web Site * Legal Review, v. 21, no.1
Article Title: Free Exercise of Religion by Native American Prisoners: A Plan of Action

Religious Freedom in Prisons, Generally
Memorandum on constitutional religious freedom rights of prisoners

Prison Organizations and Publications

Prison Connections - Links
Prison Activism in New England: Links

Prison Connections - Newsletter
Western Massachusetts Prison Issues Group

The Justice Net Prison Issues Desk

Hatcher Center for Human Rights

Native American Prison Issues

Native American Prison Resource Page

Prison and Prison Law

Voices from Prison
Connecticut Prison Association

Native American Spiritual Guidance for Prisoners

Nash Araiza
Spiritual Advisor in Oregon State Prison

The Yellow Medicine Hoop Society
Native American Prisoners Spiritual Guidance Organization in Florida

Native American Prisoners

Alex Montana's Homepage
Native American Prisoner's Spiritual Rights

Alex Montana's Claim Against Texas Dept. of Criminal Justice
(Note: A hacker destroyed this file. Not sure if it'll be re-created. 9/15/97)

NATIVE-L (July 1995) Letter from Alex Montana

A Message to the People from Standing Deer
U.S. Agents's Plot to Assassinate Leonard Peltier

NATIVE-L (November 1994) Letter From Enrique Thunder Eagle
Indiana State Prison NA Spiritual Council Request for Materials

The Native Experience - from Indian Country to Federal Dungeons
Wisconsin Correctional Facility inmates describe how NA defendants are treated in the criminal justice system.

Leonard Peltier International Defense Committee
Up to date info on Leonard Peltier

Native American Spiritual Awareness Council in Massachusetts

Native American Spiritual Freedom in Prison: Trapp v.Dubois
Attorney Peter d'Errico's Site on Black Crow's and Shield Wolf's Case

Native American Spiritual Freedom in Prison: Trapp v. Dubois
Jordan Dill's "First Nations" Description of Black Crow's and Shield Wolf's Struggle

NATIVE-L (March 1995) Letter from Attorney Peter d'Errico to NATIVE-L

Black Crow's Native American Art
Black Crow's Story (in his own words) and Art Gallery
See also Black Crow's NativeWeb art gallery

Discrimination Against Native American Spirituality
Letter to Prison Connections from Chris (Black Crow) Bousquet

Conditions in Oregon State Prisons

First Spiritual Speakers Panel Held at Oregon State Prison

Native American Speakers Panel

Spiritual Genocide within the Oregon Department of Corrections

1996 Brings Denial of Ceremonies at OSP

Deplorable Conditions in Prison

The Facts about Control Unit Prisons
Info on these "torture chambers"

Control Unit Prisons
National Campaign to Stop Control Unit Prisons

American Indian Religious Freedom Act

Religious Freedom Restoration Act

Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993
An Act to protect the free exercise of Religion. Public Law 103-141, 103d Congress

Coalition for the Free Exercise of Religion
Listing of religious and civil liberties groups that supported passage of RFRA.

RFRA Free Exercise Case Summaries
Summaries of free exercise cases that apply or discuss RFRA.

The Chronology from Smith to RFRA
Chronological listing of events taking place between the Employment Division v. Smith decision and enactment of RFRA.

American Indian Religious Freedom Act Amendments of 1994

House Committee Report
Excerpts from House Committee Report Re: '94 Amendments to American Indian Religious Freedom Act

Sacramental Use of Peyote
BBS discussion of governmental control over peyote use by Native Americans

Apparent Safety of Peyote
Article by Dr. Robert Bergman, Chief U.S. Public Health Service Navajo Reservation, on safety of peyote use

U.S. v. Robert Boyll
U.S. v. Boyll, No. 90-207-JB (D. NM). Court decision discussing the "conflict between Native American Church members right to freely exercise their religion through the ceremonial use of peyote and the Government's efforts to eradicate illegal drugs."

The Smith decision and RFRA
Explains the Supreme Court's Indian peyote decision and restoration of the compelling government interest test

Native American Rights Fund (NARF) Web Site * Legal Review, v. 20, no.1
Article Title: Congress Overturns Supreme Court's Peyote Ruling. Discusses historical and legal aspects of NA spirituality and peyote use

Native American Free Exercise of Religion Act of 1993, S.1021

Native American Cultural Protection and Free Exercise of Religion Act of 1994, S.2269

Native American Rights Fund (NARF) Web Site * Legal Review, v. 19, no.2
Article Title: Indian Religious Freedom Bills Near Passage. Discusses legislative status of S.2269 and quotes Senator Inouye's floor statement made upon the introduction of this bill.

Miscellaneous Sites

Senate Committee on Indian Affairs

Justice Pages
Interesting collection of criminal justice sites