THE CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF LAOS: PART 1 [1300-1900]


1353:FOUNDATION BY FA NGUM OF LAO KINGDOM OF LAN XANG.
1413:RULER OF LAN SANG,SAM SEN THAI,DIED AFTER A PEACEFUL REIGN 0F 34 YEARS.DURING THIS PERIOD HE HAD PROMOTED BUDDHISM AND CONDUCTED THE FIRST CENSUS OF MANPOWER IN THE KINGDOM
1438:SAINYACHAKAPHAT RULER OF VIENTIANE,BECAME KING OF THE LOATIAN KINGDOM OF LAN SANG ON THE INVITATION OF ITS LEADING MINISTERS.LAN SANG HAD HAD A THREE-YEAR INTERREGNUM FOLLOWING THE OVERTHROW OF THE REGENT QUEEN,MAHA THEVI.
1479:VIETNAMESE INVASION OF LAN XANG.


1500:VISUN BECAME KING OF LAN SANG.DURING HIS TWENTY-YEAR REIGN HE PROMOTED BUDDHIST LITERATURE,LEARNING AND THE ARTS.
1512:THE PHRA BANG,THE MOST VENERATED BUDDHA IMAGE IN LAOS WAS BROUGHT TO LUANG PRABANG FROM VIENTIANE BY KING VISUN.
1520:PHOTHISARAT BECAME RULER OF LAN SANG ON THE DEATH OF VISUN. HE WAS A DEVOUT BUDDHIST WHO LATER ,DURING THE RAINY SEASON JOINED THE SANGHA,THE BUDDHIST MONASTIC ORDER,TO RECEIVE INSTRUCTION.
1527:THE RULER OF LAN SANG,KING PHOTHISARAT,BANNED SPIRIT WORSHIP IN THE KINGDOM. HE ALSO ORDERED THE DESTRUCTION OF ALL SANCTRARIES ASSOCIATED WITH SPIRIT CULTS.IN THEIR STEAD,BUDDHIST SHRINES WERE ERECTED.
1546:THE 13 YEAR OLD SON OF KING PHOTHSIRARAT OF LAN SANG,SETTHATHIRAT,SUCCEEDED TO THE THRONE OF THE NORTHERN THAI KINGDOM OF LAN NA.QUEEN CHIRAPRAPHA ,THE RULER OF LAN NA,HAD DIED WITHOUT A MALE HEIR.
1547:KING PHOTHISARAT O LAN SANG WAS KILLED WHEN HIS ELEPHANT FELL ON HIM DURING A DUEL. HIS SON SETTHATHIRAT,THEN RULING THE THAI KINGDOM OF LAN NA,RETURN TO LAN LANG TO ASSUME THE THRONE.
1548:XETTHATHIRAT BRIEFLY UNIFIES KINGDOM OF LAN XANG AND LAN NA.THE EMERALD BUDDHA,A SACRED BUDDHIST IMAGE ,WAS REMOVED FROM THE NORTHERN CITY OF CHIANG MAI BY THE KING AND TAKEN TO LUANG PRABANG
1551:RULER OF LAN SANG,HANDED THE THRONE OF THE THAI KINGDOM OF LAN NA,TO HIS QUEEN,THAO MAE KU.
1560:CAPITAL MOVED FROM LUANG PHRABANG TO VIANG CNAN[VIENTIANE].IN JULY A TREATY OF ALLIANCE WAS SIGNED BETWEEN LAO KINGDOM OF LAN SANG AND THE THAI KINGDOM OF AYUTTHAYA.
1563-1575:SERIES OF BURMESE INVASIONS OF LAN XANG.
1566:THE GREAT STUPA OR TEMPLE OF THAT LUANG WAS CONSTRUCTED IN VIENTIANE ON THE SITE OF AN OLD BUDDHIST SHRINE.


1569:BURMA-LAOS WAR:[FEBRUARY]THE KING OF LAN SANG SENT AND ARMY SOUTH TO ATTACK THE BURMESE,BUT END UP BEING DEFEATED BY THE BURMESE IN THE PA SAK VALLEY OF PETCHABUN PROVINCE AND WAS COMPELLED TO RETREAT.[OCTOBER]THE BURMESE ATTACK LAN SANG AND OCCUPIED THE CAPITAL, VIENTIANE.THE KING COMMENCED A GUERRILLA WAR AGAINST THE BURMESE OCCUPIERS.
1570:[APRIL]BURMESE OCCUPATION FORCES IN VIENTIANE AND THE SURROUNDING DISTRICTS OF LAN SANG,ARE FORCED TO RETREAT DUE TO THE CONSISTENT HARASSMENT BY LAO GUERRILLA FORCES LED BY THE KING.
1574:AFTER A CIVIL WAR ERUPTED IN LAN SANG OVER THE SUCCESSION TO KING SETTHATHIRAT[WHO HAD DISAPPEARED WHILE LEADING A CAMPAIGN IN THE MOUNTAINS OF SOUTHERN LAOS], THE BURMESE INVADED AND CAPTURED VIENTIANE. THEY THEN SUCCEEDED IN BRINGING MOST OF LAOS UNDER THEIR CONTROL.
1579:A REBELLION BY MOUNTAIN PEOPLE BROKE OUT IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF LAN SANG. LED BY HOLY MAN, WHO CLAIMED TO BY A RREINCARNATION OF THE KING.THE REBEELS MARCHED AGAINST VIENTIANE AND FORCED THE BURMESE APPOINTED RULER VORAVONGSA TO FLEE.
1580:THE BURMESE FORCES RETURN TO LAOS AND RECAPTURE THE CAPITAL VIENTIANE. THEY THEN PLACED SAEN SURIN, A FORMER GENERAL ON THE THRONE.
1583:A POPULAR UPRISING IN LAN SANG LED TO THE OVERTHROW OF THE BURMESE IMPOSED RULER.
1592:THE KINGDOM OF LAN SANG FORCED THE BURMESE ARMY TO QUIT ITS TERRITORY,THEREBY RE-ESTABLISHING THEIR INDEPENDENCE.


1603:THE KINGDOM OF LAN SANG RENOUNCED ALL TRIBUTARY TIES TO BURMA.
1624:A WAR OF SUCCESSION COMMENCED BETWEEN NO LESS THAN FIVE CLAIMANTS TO THE THRONE[TO 1637]
1637:SURINYAVONGSA DEFEATED FOUR OTHER RIVAL CLAIMANTS AND BECOMES RULER OF THE KINGDOM OF LAN SANG. HE IMMEDIATELY FORCED ONE OF HIS BROTHERS TO BECOME A MONK AND THE OTHER INTO EXILE IN VIETNAM.
1638-1695:REIGN OF SURINYAMONGSA.
1641:[NOVEMBER 3rd]THE RULER OF LAN SANG SURINYAVONGSA,RECEIVED A MISSION IN VIENTIANE FROM THE DUTCH EAST INDIAN COMPANY HEADED BY GERRIT VAN WUYSTHOFF.
1641-1642:FIRST EUROPEANS TO LEAVE RECORDS ARRIVE IN VIANG CHAN.
1647:[DECEMBER]THE CATHOLIC MISSIONARY PRIEST, GIOVANNI-MARIA LERIA DEPARTED LAOS VIA VIETNAM AFTER SPENDING NEARLY FIVE FRUITLESS YEARS ATTEMPTING TO CONVERT LAOS TO CHRISTIANITY.
1651:KING SURINYAVONGSA,REFUSED THE HAND OF THE DAUGHTER OF THE RULER OF TRAN NINN[A TINY STATE BETWEEN ANNAM AND LAOS(VIETNAM)],DECLARED WAR.
1652:THE ARMY OF SURINYAVONGSA TOOK THE CITY OF XIENG-KHOUANG, THE CAPITAL OF TRAN NINN STATE,AND SEIZED THE KING'S DAUGHTER. THE LAN SANG ARMY THEN LAID WASTE TO THE SURROUNDING COUNTRYSIDE AND CARRIED OFF 500 FAMILIES FOR RESETTLEMENT.
1694:WITH THE DEATH OF KING SURINYAVONGSA,AFTER A 57 YEAR REIGN, THE LANGEST IN THE KINGDOM'S HISTORY. LAN SANG WAS PLUNGED INTO A THREE WAY STRUGGLE FOR THE VACANT THRONE.SURINYAVONGSA'S GRANDSONS FLED TO LUANG PRABANG AND LATER WENT NORTH TO CHIANG HUNG.


1700:AN EXILED LAOTIAN PRINCE ,AIDED BY A LARGE VIETNAMESE SUPPORTED ARMY,OCCUPIED VIENTIANE AND TOOK THE VACANT THRONE OF LAN SANG.HE TOOK THE NAME ,SETTHATHIRAT.
1705:KING SETTHATHIRAT II OF LAN SANG ORDERED THE SACRED PHRA BANG IMAGE TO BE TRANSPORTED FROM LUANG PRABANG TO VIENTIANE. THIS LATER LED TO REVOLT BY THE PEOPLE OF LUANG PRABANG.
1706:THE GRANDSON OF FORMER LAN SANG RULER, SURINYAVONGSA CAPTURED THE CITY OF LUANG PRAGANG AND THEN ATTACKED TEH VIETNAMESE-BACKED RULER,SETTHATHIRAT II IN VIENTIANE. HE REQUESTED AID FROM THE THAI KINGDOM OF AYUTTHAYA.
1707:THE LAOTIAN KINGDOM OF LAN SANG OFFICIALLY CAME TO AN END WHEN THE THAI ARMY FROM AYUTTHAYA EFFECTED A PEACE TREATY BETWEEN WARRING FACTIONS WHICH DIVIDED THE COUNTRY INTO TWO. THE VIETNAMESE SUPPORTED RULER,SETTHATHIRAT II REMAINED IN VIENTIANE WHILE THE GRANDSON OF SURINYAVONGSA TOOK OVER THE LUANG PRABANG REGION.
1713:A SUCCESSFUL REVOLT IN SOUTHERN LAOS RESULTED IN THE FORMATION OF THE KINGDOM OF CHAMPASSAK. A GRANDSON OF THE FORMER LAN SANG RULER,SURIYAVONGSA BECAME KING.
1723:INTHASOM SEIZED THE THRONE OF LUANG PRABANG,TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE RULER ONG-KHAM'S ABSENCE FROM THE CITY ON A HUNTING EXPEDITION. ONG KHAM FLED TO CHIANG MAI WHERE HE WAS OFFERED THE THRONE OF LAN NA.
1764:KING SIRIBUNYASAN OF THE LAO KINGDOM OF VIENTIANE PUT DOWN A MAJOR REBELLION IN THE PROVINCE OF NAKHON PANOM.
1765:[MARCH]A COMBINED BURMESE-VIENTIANE ARMY UNDER THIHAPATEI TOOK THE LAOTIAN CITY OF LUANG PRABANG.THE PRESENCE OF VIETIANE TROOPS IN THE ATTACK FURTHER FUELLED THEV RIVALRY BETWEEN THE TWO LAOTIAN KINGDOMS.
1766:A REVOLT BY PHRA VORORAD AN OFFICIAL OF THE VIENTIANE REGIME,WAS ONLY PUT DOWN BY KING SIRIBUNYASAN WITH THE AID OF BURMESE TROOPS.
1771:AFTER RETURNING FROM CAPTIVITY IN BURMA,SURYAVONG SEIZED THE THRONE OF LUANG PRABANG FROM HIS ELDER BROTHER. HE HOPED TO GAIN REVENGE FOR VIENTIANE'S SUPPORT OF THE BURMESE INVASION OF 1765.TO THIS END,HE LAID SIEGE TO VIENTIANE. HOWEVER THE BURMESE RETURNED,COMPELLED HIM TO RETREAT AND TOOK LUANG PRABANG AFTER A 15 DAY SIEGE.
1778:THAI INVASION OF LAOS VIA NAKHIN RATCHASIMA AND ALSO INVADED THE SOUTHERN STATE OF CHAMPASSAK.THEY COMBINED TO CAPTURED THE CITY OF VIENTIANE.THEY TOOK THE PHRA KEO THE EMERALD BUDDHA AND PHRA BANG THE TWO MOST SACRED BUDDHA IMAGES BACK TO BANGKOK.THE LAOTIAN STATE OF LUANG PRABANG SEVERED RELATIONS WITH THE BURMESE. INSTEAD IT OFFERED TRIBUTE TO CHINA AND VISSALAGE TO THAILAND.
1781:THE PRA BANG, A SACRED BUDDHA IMAGE ,WAS RETURNED TO VIENTIANE BY THE THAI.
1791:UTILISING LAOTIAN TROOPS FROM THE STATE OF VIENTIANE,THAILAND INVADED AND CONQUERED THE NORTHERN STATE OF LUANG PRABANG.KING SAINYAKUMAN OF THE SOUTHERN STATE OF CHAMPASSAK DIED. THE THAI INSTALL VISAINYARAT AS THE NEW RULER.
1797:THAI FORCES SUPPORTED BY LOATIAN TROOPS FROM VIENTIANE,DEFEATED AN ATTEMPT BY THE BURMESE TO GAIN CONTROL OVER NORTHERN LAOS.
1799:IN AN SECOND ATTEMPT BY THE BURMESE TO GAIN CONTROL OVER NORTHERN LAOS FAILED AND WERE THEN FORCED TO RETIRE BY BOTH LAOS AND THAI TROOPS.


1803:LAOTIAN FORCES FROM VIENTIANE COMBINED WITH THE THAI ARMY TO TURN BACK A BURMESE OFFENSIVE AIMED AT REGAINING CONTROL OF THE NORTHERN LAOTIAN STATES.
1804:THE LAOTIAN STATE OF VIENTIANE ADOPTED A POLICY OF DUAL ALLEGIANCE,IT WAS A VESSAL OF THAILAND,SIMILAR TO THAT OF CAMBODIA,BY OFFERING TRIBUTE TO THE EMPEROR OF VIETNAM,GIA LONG,CHAO ANU BECAME RULER OF VIENTIANE ON THE DEATH OF HIS BROTHER.
1817:THE RULER OF THE STATE OF VIENTIANE ,CHAO ANU,CEASED SENDING TRIBUTE TO THE VIETNAMESE EMPEROR GIA LONG AND BEGAN TO STRENGTHEN HIS ARMY IN PREPARATION FOR A SHOW DOWN WITH HIS THAI OVERLORDS.
1819:A REVOLT BY THE MONTAGNARD PEOPLE OF THE SOUTHERN LAOTIAN STATE OF CHAMPASSAK WAS ONLY PUT DOWN AFTER THE INTERVENTION BY THAI TROOPS.KING CHAO ANU OF VIETIANE SUCCEEDED IN GAINING THE THRONE OF CHAMPASSAK FOR HIS SON CHAO YO.
1820:THE HMONG PEOPLE OF SOUTHERN CHINA BEGAN TO MIGRATING TO AROUND 1840 MAINLY INTO XIENG KHOUANG AND HOUAPHAN PROVINCES.
1827:[JANUARY]KING CHAO ANU OF THE KINGDOM OF VIENTIANE INVADED THAILAND IN THREE COLUMNS.TAKING THE THAI BY SURPRISE, THE ARMY TOOK NAKHON RATCHASIMA AND SARABURI,WITHIN 50 KMS OF BANGKOK.[MARCH]THE ADVANCE OF THE LAOTIAN ARMY INTO THAILAND WAS HALTED BY A THAI ARMY LED BY PYA BODIN JUST BELOW SARABURI.[APRIL]THREE THAI ARMIES COUNTER ATTACKED AND FORCED THE INVADING FORCES FROM LAOS TO RETREAT FROM CENTRAL THAILAND.ONE OF THE THAI ARMY ADVANCED AND CAPTURED CHAMPASSAK WHILE THE MAIN FORCE MOVED ON TOWARDS VIENTAINE.[MAY]THE BATTLE OF NONG-BONA-LAMPON:WAS FOUGHT BETWEEN THE ADVANCING THAI ARMY AND THE RETREATING LAOTIAN FORCES OF KING CHAO ANU OF VIENTIANE.IN A BLOODY SEVEN DAY STRUGGLE,THE THAI SMASHED THEIR WAY ACROSS THE MEKONG RIVER AND SCATTERED THE LAOTIAN ARMY,THE KING CHAO ANU FLED TO VIETNAM,WHILE THE THAI ENTERED AND DESTROYED VIENTIANE AND THEN DEVASTATED THE COUNTRYSIDE.
1828:[FEBRUARY]BEFORE WITHDRAWING THEIR OCCUPATION FORCES,THE THAI ANNEXED VIENTIANE IN LAOS AND BEGAN DEPORTING LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE TO DE-POPULATED AREAS OF THAILAND[JULY]THE OVERTHROWN RULER OF THE LAOTIAN STATE OF VIENTIANE,CHAO ANU RETURNED TO LAOS WITH AN VIETNAMESE ARMY AND RECAPTURED THE CITY OF VIENTIANE.HE THEN COMPELLED A SMALL THAI MILITARY FORCE TO RETREAT TO YASOTHON.[OCTOBER 18th]THE THAI DEFEATED THE VIENTIANE ARMY AND LATER CAPTURED KING CHAO ANU. THEY THEN RE-ESTABLISHED THEIR OVERLORDSHIP OF THE VIENTIANE REGION. THE THAI DESTROYED ALMOST ALL OF VIENTIANE AND REMOVED THE POPULATION FOR RE-SETTLEMENT IN LOPBURI,SARABURI AND SUPHANBURI PROVINCES. VIENTIANE REMAINED A GHOST TOWN FOR OVER 40 YEARS. THIS WAS THE END OF THE KINGDOM OF VIENTIANE,THE DEPOSED KING CHAO ANU WAS TAKEN TO BANGKOK WHERE HE DIED IN AN IRON CAGE.
1832:VIETNAM INVADED,CONQUERED AND ANNEXED THE SMALL LAOTIAN STATE OF XIENG KHOUNANG.
1834:IN CONCERT WITH FORCES FROM THE STATE OF LUANG PRABANG,A THAI MILITARY EXPEDITION FORCED THE VIETNAMESE TO QUIT THEIR OCCUPATION OF THE STATE OF XIENG KHOUANG.
1861:[NOVEMBER 10th]HENRI MOUHOT AN FRENCH EXPLORER DIED AFTER VISITING LUANG PRABANG.
1867:THE PHRA BANG RELIGIOUS IMAGES,TAKEN TO BANGKOK IN 1828 FOLLOWING THE CONQUEST OF VIENTIANE WAS RETURN TO LUANG PRABANG BY KING MONGKUT.[APRIL 20th]THE FRENCH MEKONG RIVER EXPLORATION TEAM UNDER DOUDART DE LAGREE AND FRANCIS GARNIER REACHED LUANG PRABANG.
1871:ARMED CHINESE REBELS,ESCAPING FROM THE TAIPING REBELLION,OVERRAN PARTS OF EASTERN LAOS AND THREATENING THE CITY OF LUANG PRABANG.THESE FORCES WERE KNOWN AS THE BLACK FLAGS AND RED FLAGS, THE THAI FORCES THEN ENTERED LAOS AND LIMITED THE CHINESE CONTROL,BUT WERE UNABLE TO EVICT THEM.
1872:THE CHINESE BLACK FLAG FORCES SACKED THE CITY OF VIENTIANE.
1874:THE THAI COMMANDER AT XIENG KHOUANG WAS DEFEATED BY THE CHINESE BLACK FLAG FORCES AT TUNG CHIENGKAM.THE GOVERNOR OF XIENG KHOUANG THEN ASKED FOR HELP FROM BOTH THE VIETNAMESE AND THAI GOVERNMENTS. A VIETNAMESE FORCE,SENT TO AID XIENG KHOUANG,WAS DEFEATED AND THE REGION WAS CONQUERED BY THE BLACK FLAGS.
1875:A THAI ARMY CROSSED THE MEKONG RIVER AND SUCCEEDED IN FORCING THE CHINESE TO RETREAT FROM VIENTIANE AND RETIRE INTO VIETNAM.
1883:WORRIED BY FRENCH EXPANSION INTO VIETNAM,THAILAND DISPATCHED AN ARMY TO EASTERN LAOS,BUT IT WAS DEFEATED BY THE CHINESE BLACK FLAG FORCES.
1885:THAILAND SENT A LARGE ARMY INTO LAOS IN AN ATTEMPT TO SUPPRESS AND EXPEL THE CHINESE BLACK FLAG FORCES.THE THAI WERE NOT ABLE TO FORCE THE BLACK FLAG COMPLETELY OUT OF LAOS. TWO THAI COMMISSIONERS WERE ALSO APPOINTED TO OVERSEE THE CIVIL ADMINISTRATION OF KING UN KHAM OF LUANG PRABANG.JULY 14thSISAAVANG VONG[LATER KING OF LUANG PRABANG AND LAOS 1904-1959]WAS BORN.[DECEMBER]WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE THAI GOVERNMENT, A FRENCH VICE-CONSULATE WAS ESTABLISHED IN LAOS.
1886:THE LEADER OF THE BLACK FLAG FORCES SURRENDERED TO THE THAI EXPEDITIONATY ARMY.
1887:EASTERN LAOS WAS FINALLY FACIFIED BY THE THAI EXPEDITIONARY FORCE SENT TWO YEARS PREVIOUSLY TO EXPEL CHINESE BANDITS.
1887:[FEBRUARY]UNDER THE TERMS OF THE 1885 FRANCO-THAI AGREEMENT WHICH SUPPOSEDLY RECOGNISED THAI SUZERAINTY OVER LAOS, AUGUSTE PAVIE ARRIVED IN LUANG PRABANG AS THE FRENCH VICE-COUNSEL. HE QUICKLY CONVINCED THE LAO THAT A FRENCH PROTECTORATE WOULD REMOVE THEM FROM THAI OVERLORDSHIP.[JUNE]A FORCE OF RENAGADE CHINESE BANDITS AND HILL TAI ,LED BY KHAM HOM,CAPTURED AND SACKED THE CITY OF LUANG PRABANG. THE RULER OF LUANG PRABANG,UN KHAM WAS SAVED BY THE BURMESE GUARDS AND FLED TO PAKLAY WHERE THE FRENCH ANNOUNCED THAT IF THAILAND WAS UNABLE TO PROTECT LAOS, THEN FRENCH WOULD.
1889:THE FRENCH TOOK ADVANTAGE OF CONTINUING UNREST TO ANNEX THE REGION BETWEEN XIENG-KHOUANG AND THE BLACK RIVER VALLEY, IN SPITE OF THAI PROTEST.
1890:THE FIRST TELEGRAPH CABLE BETWEEN BANGKOK AND CHAMPASSAK WAS OFFICIALLY OPEN. PRINCE PHETSARATH LATER PRIME MINISTER OF LUANG PRABANG AND PRESIDENT OF THE LAO ISSARA GOVERNMENT WAS BORN IN LUANG PRABANG. PRINCE SOUVANNARATH LATER FIRST PRIME MINISTER OF THE KINGDOM OF LAOS IN 1947 WAS BORN IN LUANG PRABANG.
1892:KHAMMAO VILAY LATER PRIME MINISTER IN THE FIRST LAO ISSARA GOVERMENT WAS BORN IN LUANG PRABANG.[DECEMBER 7TH]KOU ADHAY LATER PRIME MINISTER IN 1960 WAS BORN IN CHAMPASSAK.
1893:[MARCH]THE FRENCH ENVOY IN BANGKOK, AUGUSTE PAVIE, INFORMED THE THAI GOVERNMENT THAT FRANCE INTENED TO STAKE ITS CLAIM TO ALL TERRITORY EAST OF THE MEKONG RIVER, INCLUDING THE VASSAL STATE OF LAOS.THIS IMMEDIATELY PROVOKED PROTEST FROM THE THAI GOVERNMENT.[APRIL]THAI TROOPS RESISTED AN ATTEMPT BY THREE FRENCH COLUMNS TO TAKE CONTROL OF LAOS, EAST OF THE MEKONG RIVER. A FRENCH OFFICER WAS KILLED AND FRANCE USED THIS AS A PRETEXT TO PUT PRESSURE ON THAILAND.[JULY 31st]THE THAI WERE FORCED TO RELINQUISH A LARGE PART OF LAOS [LUANG PRABAN].[OCTOBER 3rd]THAILAND SIGNED A PEACE TREATY WHICH OFFICIALLY RECOGNISED THE FRENCH PROTECTORATE OVER LAOS.THE FRENCH PLACED THE PROVINCES OF VIENTIANE,CHAMPASSAK AND XIENG KHOUANG UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE KING OF LUANG PRABANG.[DECEMBER 4th]AN ANGLO-FRENCH AGREEMENT WAS SIGNED REGARDING THAILAND AND THE FRENCH PROTECTORATE OVER LAOS.
1894:[JUNE 5th]AUGUSTE PAVIE WAS APPOINTED AS THE FRENCH HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR LAOS.
1895:THE FRENCH ESTABLISHED THE GARDE INDIGENE, A PARMAILITARY POLICE FORCE MADE UP OF INDOCHINESE RECRUITS OFFICERED BY FRENCH NATIONALS. INITIALLY , THE GARDE INDIGENE IN LAOS WAS LARGLY MADE UP OF VIETNAMESE. [JUNE 30th]A SINO-FRENCH TREATY WAS SIGNED WITH THE CHINESE,CEDING THE TWO PROVINCES OF FHONG SALY AND MUANG SING TO THE FRENCH PROTECTORATE OF LAOS.
1898:SLAVERY WAS OFFICIALLY ABOLISHED BY THE FRENCH. THE PRACTICE CONTINUED IN REMOTE PARTS IN ONE FORM OR ANOTHER FOR A FURTHER THIRTY YEARS
1899:[APRIL 19th]THE FRENCH REORGANISED THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE PROTECTORATE UNDER A SINGLE RESIDENT SUPERIEUR.[MAY 16th]BY PAPAL DECREE THE FRENCH PROTECTORATE OF LAOS WAS DESIGNATED AS A SEPERATE BISHOPIC .DESPITE THIS, THE ATTEMPTS TO CONVERT THE POPULACE TO CHRISTIANITY WERE LARGELY UNSUCCESSFUL.

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