Joseph Benford McCormick, MD, MS

92-21-588-6855

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Telephone (office) 92 21 493 0051 x2401

Fax 92-21-493-4294

e-mail jxsmccormk@aol.com

Married to Sue Fisher-Hoch, MRCPath, MS, MD (US and EEC Citizenship)

Date & place of birth October 16,1942, Knoxville, Tennessee

Nationality US

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1964 BS Florida Southern College, Lakeland, Florida 1971.

MD Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina 1970.

MS Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.

POSTGRADUATE TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE

1971-73 Internship and Residency--Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1974-1975 Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia(includes 1 year as Acting Branch Chief.

1975 Fellow, Preventive Medicine Residency Program, CDC 1988 Sabbatical Leave, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, Ca.

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Positions Held

June, 1993 to present

Professor and Chairman, Community Health Sciences Department, Aga Khan University, Karachi.

July 1991- June 1993 Chief, Immunobiology Activity, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, CDC.

March 1990 - June 1991 Assistant to Director, Division of HIV/AIDS, CDC.

June, 1981- March, 1990 Chief, Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Director, WHO Reference Center for Special Viral Pathogens.

September 1979-May 1981 Medical Officer, Special Pathogens Branch, Virology Division, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control.

July 1976 September 1979 Director, Lassa Fever Research Project, Sierra Leone, West Africa (under the auspices of CDC).

July 1973-July, 1976 EIS Officer, Centers for Disease Control (Acting Chief, Special Pathogens Branch, Bacterial Disease Division 1974-1975)

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OTHER EXPERIENCE

1964-1965 Study of French; Attended Free University of Brussels, Belgium.

1965-1967 Secondary School Teacher (Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry) Zaire.

1968 Summer Study of Spanish; Worked at Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

1969 Summer Fellowship with the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala.

1971 Summer Fellowship in Rural Health Clinics in Haiti.

1973-1976 Studied Piano with John Elvin, retired Professor Emeritus of Piano at Oberlin Conservatory.

1979-1986 Studied piano with Beverly Gibbons (now principle pianist for the Boston Lyric Opera), and Paula Gorelkin, Pianist and Artistic Director, Musica da Camera.

1984-1987 President of Musica da Camera, a professional chamber music ensemble performing in Atlanta

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French: Bilingual, speaking and reading. Write well.

Spanish: Speak and read adequately, write: fair.

Portuguese: .Speak and read: fair.

German: Understand, read, speak with difficulty.

Krio: Speak well (not written language)

Otetala: Basic knowledge

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US Public Health Service:

Meritorious Service Medal

Exceptional Capability Promotion

Regular Corps Appointment

3 PHS Citations

Unit Commendation

Medical School

Upjohn Award for Community Health

University

Outstanding Chemistry Major Award

Outstanding Mathematics Student Award

Graduate with Honors

High School

Outstanding Graduate in English

Outstanding Student in Science

Outstanding Student in Mathematics

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Professor, Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karahi

Visiting Scientist at Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jola

Adjunct Professor at Emory University

Adjunct Professor at University of North Carolina

Member, Scientific Board, Centre Internationale de Recherche Medical, Pari

Membre du Groupe d'Etudes de Virologie de L’Institut Pasteur (1984-1990)

Member of the Group d'Etudes de Virologie de L’Institut Pasteur

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1974 Participant: US-Japan Panel on Leprosy, Washington, DC

1974--76 Consultant: Pan American Health Organization for Meningococcal Disease, Brazil 1976 Consultant : International Congress on Meningococcal Disease. (Rapporteur) Organized by PAHO and WHO, Sao Paulo and Brasilia, Brazil,

1976 Invited Speaker: NIH Symposium on Bacterial Disease Vaccines, May, Topic: Meningococcal Vaccine Use in Brazil

1976 Consultant: WHO Topic: Investigation of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in Zaire,

1978 Invited Speaker: American Epidemiological Society Meeting, Davis, California Topic: Epidemiology of Lassa Fever

1979 Consultant: WHO, Investigation and Control of Ebola Virus in Sudan,

1980 Consultant: WHO, Topic: Conference on Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Delhi, India

1980 Advisor: Smallpox Eradication Unit for WHO Meeting in Brazzaville to devise Strategy for Epidemiologic Study of Monkeypox and Hemorrhagic Fever, Brazzaville, Rep of Congo

1980 Consultant: WHO Topic: To Establish Field Programs for Study of Monkeypox and Hemorrhagic Fevers in Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast

1981 Consultant: WHO, Topic: Meeting of Global Commission for Eradication of Smallpox, Geneva

1981 Advisor: WHO, Topic: Meeting for Reassessment of WHO Response to Infectious Disease Emergencies, Geneva,

1982 Consultant: WHO, Topic: Assess Capability of Laboratories in Nairobi, Kenya (Virus Research Center) and Bangui, Central African Republique (Institute Pasteur) to Develop Regional Reference Laboratories for the Hemorrhagic Fevers

1983-1989 Consultant: Institute Pasteur, Member of the Groupe d'Etudes de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris Topic: Review Overseas Virology Work of the Institute Pasteur

1983 Established Projet SIDA in Kinshasa, Zaire the earliest and best established prospective study of AIDS in Africa.

l984 Speaker Grand Rounds, Tulane University Medical Center Topic: AIDS in Central Africa

1984 Consultant : WHO (Rapporteur) Topic: Meeting of Committee on Orthopox Viruses, Geneva,

1984 Consultant : WHO (Rapporteur) Topic: Expert Committee on Hemorrhagic Fever, Geneva

1984 Consultant : Institute Pasteur, Member of the Groupe d'Etudes de Virologie, Institute Pasteur, Paris

1984 Chairman: Meeting of Directors of Institutes Pasteur Worldwide, Bangui, Central African Republic Chairman of a Scientific Session on Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (all conducted in French)

1985 Consultant: WHO Topic: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Organized WHO workshop on Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers held in Sierra Leone, West Africa with twelve countries participating,

June 1985 Consultant: WHO Topic: Organized first WHO meeting on AIDS in Africa on African Continent. Was co-chairman of meeting.

1985 Consultant: WHO Topic: Investigation of AIDS in Bangui, Central African Republic as Consultant to the Ministry of Health

1985 Consultant: WHO Topic: AIDS, Member of WHO Steering Committee on AIDS September

1986. Invited Speaker: Plenary session of the annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

1986 Invited Chairman of the Epidemiology Session on AIDS in Africa at 2nd International Conference on AIDS in Paris

1987 Consultant WHO: Topic Antiviral Drugs, Geneva

1987. Invited Speaker: 40th Anniversary of the National Institute of Health of Japan. December topic: AIDS in Africa 1987 Invited Speaker: 60th Anniversary of the Japanese Society for Microbiology. November Topic: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

1990 Invited to Chair session on viral hemorrhagic fevers at 7th International Congress of Virology, Berlin

1987 Consultant: WHO Topic AIDS Review the Biomedical Research program for AIDS at WHO. Geneva

1988. Consultant: WHO Conference on AIDS in Africa, Arusha, Tanzania,

1988 Consultant: WHO: Review of the Institute for Virus Research in Uganda,

1987-1990 Consultant WHO: Member Steering Committee for Biomedical Research, HIV/AIDS

1991 Invited Symposium Speaker: International Society of Hematology, London, Subject: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers.

1992 Presentation of Proposal for study of natural immunity to malaria in children to Malaria Vaccine Study Group of NIH/US Military and CDC at NIH.

1995 WHO consultation on the Health consequences of drug abuse. Bangkok, Thailand

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Journal of Infectious Diseases

Journal of Virology

Reviews of Infectious Diseases

Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Annals of Internal Medicine

Red Book of the American Academy of Pediatrics

Communicable Diseases of Man

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Chairman, University Research Committee

Chair, Strategic Planning Committee for Research

Char Strategic Planning Committee for Community Health Sciences

Faculty Executive Committee

Board of Graduate Studies

Committee on Communications and Computerization

Molecular biology working group Karachi

HIV/AIDS working group

Search Committees of Chairs of Surgery and Pediatrics,

Vice Dean for Research and Graduate Studies Joint Committee of Hospital and Medical School

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BBC Horizon film series. Emerging viruses, 1992

Time-Life Books. Odd Jobs: Risky Business. 1992

Thomas J. Moore. Lifespan. 1992

Robin Marantz Henzig. A Dancing Matrix. Voyages along the viral frontier, 1993

Richard Preston. The Hot Zone 1994

Laurie Garrett. The Coming Plague, 1994

Level 4: Virus Hunters of the CDC, Joseph B. McCormick and Susan Fisher-Hoch, Turner Publishing, 1996

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Music (play piano), skiing, squash, backpacking, languages, computer programming.

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McCormick JB, First Line of Defense. Emergency Medicine 1974

McCormick JB, Weaver RE, Thornsberry C., Feldman RA: Trends in Disease Caused by Neisseria Meningitidis, 1972 and 1973. J Infec Dis 130:212-214, 1974

Linneman CC Jr., Perlstein PH, Ramundo N, Minton SD, McCormick JB, Hayes PS, Englender GS: Use of Pertussis Vaccine in an Epidemic Involving Hospital Staff. Lancet, 1-12, 1975

McCormick JB, Bennett JV: Public Health Considerations in the Management of Meningococcal Disease. Ann Intern Med 83:883-886, 1975

McCormick JB, Sexton DJ, McMurray JG, Carey E, Hayes P, Feldman RA: Human-to-Human Transmission of Pseudomonas Pseudomallei. Ann Intern Med 83:512-513, 1975

Centers for Disease Control: Leprosy Surveillance Report No. 3, April 1976

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in Zaire, 1976: Report of an International Commission. WHO Bulletin, 56(2):271-293, 1978

Jacobson JA, Camargos P, Ferreira JT, McCormick JB: The Risk of Meningitis Among Classroom Contacts During an Epidemic of Meningococcal Disease. Am J Epidemiol, 1976

Jacobson JA, McCormick JB, Hayes P, Thornsberry C, Kirvin L: Epidemiologic Characteristics of Infections Caused by Ampicillin Resistant Hemophilus Influenzae, Pediatrics, 1976 58(3) 388-391

McCormick JB, Kay D, Hayes P, Feldman RA: Epidemic Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Sore Throat Following a Community Picnic. JAMA, 1976 236(9) 10391041

The Meningococcal Disease Surveillance Group: Menigococcal Disease, Secondary Attack Rate and Chemoprophylaxis in the United States, 1974 JAMA 235:261-265, 1976

Wilson HD, McCormick JB, Feeley ,JC: Yersinia Enterocolitica Infection in a Four Month Old Infant Associated with Infection in Household Dogs. J Pediatric, 1976 89 (5) 767-769

Kirkland RT, Bongiovanni AM, Cornfeld D, McCormick JB, Parks JS, Tenore A: Gonadotropin Responses to Luteinizing Releasing Factor in Boys Treated with Cyclophosphamide for Nephrotic Syndrome. 1976 J Pediatric 89(6):941-944,

Golden GS, McCormick JB, Fraser DW: Leprosy in the United States, 1971-1973. J Infect Dis 135:120-125, 1977

McCormick JB, Halsey N, Rosenberg R: Measles Vaccine Efficacy From Secondary Attack Rates During a Severe Epidemic. J Pediatric, 1977 90(1) 13-16

McCormick JB, Weaver RE, Hayes PS, Boyce JM, Feldman RA: Wound Infection by an Autochthonous Pseudomonas Pseudomallei-like Organism Isolated from the Soil: A Case Report and Epidemiologic Study. J Infect Dis, 1977 135(1) 103-107

Meningococcal Disease Surveillance Group (JB McCormick, et. al.): Endemic Meningococcal Disease-An Analysis by Serogroup and Evaluation of Chemoprophylaxis. J Infect Disease, 1977

Breman JG, Piot P, Johnson KM, White MK, Mbuyi M, Sureau P, Heymann DL, van Nieuwenhove S, McCormick JB, et al: The Epidemiology of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in Zaire, 1976 in Pattyn SR (ed): Ebola Virus Hemorrhagic Fever. Amsterdam, Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press; 103-124, 1978

McCormick JB, Fraser DW, Bennett JB: Centers for Disease Control: Diphtheria Surveillance Report No. 12, July 1978

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in Zaire, 1976 (McCormick JB-member): Report of an International Commission. WHO Bulletin, 56(2):271-293, 1978

McCormick JB, Fraser DW: Disease Control Programs in the United States. Control of Streptococcal and post-streptococcal Disease. JAMA 239(22):2359-2361 1978

McCormick JB, Johnson KM: Lassa Fever: Historical Review and Contemporary Investigation in Pattyn SR (ed): Ebola Virus Hemorrhagic Fever. Amsterdam, Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, 279-285, 1978

Sureau P, Piot P, Breman JG, Ruppol JF, Masamba M, Berquist H, Heymann DL, Kintoki V, Koth M, Mandiangu M, Bbuyi M, Muyembe T, Miatudila M, McCormick JB, et al: Containment and Surveillance of an Epidemic of Ebola Virus 1. Infection in Yambuku Area, Zaire, 1976 in Pattyn SR (ed): Ebola Virus Hemorrhagic Fever. Amsterdam, Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, 157-166, 1978

Johnson KM, McCormick JB, Webb PA, Krebs JW: The Comparative Biology of Old World (Lassa) and New World (Junin-Machupo) Arenaviruses. Symposium on Tropical Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fevers. Proceedings of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 1980

Knobloch J, McCormick JB, Webb PA, et al: Clinical Observations in 42 Patients with Lassa Fever. Tropenmedizin Und Parasitologie 31:389-98,1980

McCormick JB, Gusman HH, Nakamura S, et al: Antibody Response to Sero-Group A and C Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines in Infants Born of Mothers Vaccinated During Pregnancy. J Clin Invest 65:1141-1144, 1980.

McCormick JB, Webb PA, Johnson KM: Lassa Immune Plasma and Ribavirin in the Therapy of Acute Lassa Fever in Smith RA (ed): Ribavirin: A Broad Spectrum Antiviral Agent, New York, Academic Press, 213, 1980

Gonzalez JF, McCormick JB, Georges AJ, Kiley MP: Mobala Virus: Biological and Physicochemical Properties of a New Arenavirus Isolated in the Central African Republic. Ann Virol. (Inst. Pasteur) 1981, 135 E, 145-158.

Johnson KM, Scribner CL, McCormick JB: Ecology of Ebola Virus - A First Clue? J Infect Dis 143:749-51, 1981

Ivanoff B, Duquesnoy PH, Languillat G, Saluzzo JF, Georges A, Gonzalez JP, McCormick JB: Hemorrhagic Fever in Gabon. 1. Incidence of Lassa, Ebola and Marburg Viruses in Haut-Ogooue. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med, Hyg 76(6):719-720, 1982

Kiley MP, McCormick JB: Filoviridae - A Taxonomic Home for Marburg and Ebola Viruses? Intervirology, 18:24-32, 1982

McCormick JB, Sasso DR, Palmer EL, Kiley MP: : Morphologic Identification of the Agent of Korean Hemorrhagic Fever (Hantaan Virus) as a Member of the Bunyaviridae. Lancet, 765-768, 1982

Stansfield SK, Scribner CL, Kaminski RM, McCormick JB, et al.: Ebola Virus Antibody in Guinea Pigs: Tandala, Zaire. JID, 1982

Tsai TF, Bauer SP, McCormick JB , et al.: Intracerebral Inoculation of Suckling Mice with Hantaan Virus. Lancet 2:503-04, 1982

Tsai TF, Bauer SP, McCormick JB, et. al.: Preliminary Evidence That Hantaan or A Closely Related Virus Is Enzootic In Domestic Rodents. NEJM 307:623-25, 1982

Walker DH, Johnson KM, Lange JV, Gardner JJ, Kiley MP, McCormick JB. Experimental Infection of Rhesus Monkeys with Lassa Virus and a Closely Related Arenavirus, Mozambique virus. J. Infect. Dis. 146:360-8, 1982

Walker DH, McCormick JB, Johnson KM, Webb PA, Komba-Kono G, Gardner JJ: Pathologic and Virologic Study of Fatal Lassa Fever in Man. Am J Pathol 1982 107 (3) 349-356

Buchmeier MJ, DeFries RU, McCormick JB, Kiley MP: Comparative Analysis of the Structural Polypeptides of Ebola Viruses from Sudan and Zaire. J Infect Dis 147:276-281, 1983

Chanard J, Melin JP, Milcent T, Caruin J, Dropsy G, Robin M, Rollin P, Sureau P, McCormick JB, van der Groen G. Focus of muroid nephropathy in France 1983 Lancet 2 (8354) 345-346

Cox NJ, McCormick JB, Johnson KM, Kiley MP: Evidence for Two Subtypes of Ebola Virus Based on Oligonucleotide Mapping of RNA. J Infect Dis 147: 272-275, 1983

Baron R, McCormick JB, Zubeir O: Ebola virus disease in southern Sudan: hospital dissemination and intrafamilial spread. WHO Bulletin 61 (6):997-1003 (l983)

Dournon E, Brion, N, Gonzalez JB, McCormick JB . Further case of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in France Lancet, 2(8364):1419, 1983

Elliott LH, McCormick JB, Johnson KM: The Inactivation of Ebola, Lassa, and Marburg Viruses by Gamma Irradiation. J Clin Microb 16:704-708, 1983

Georges AJ, Wahid SA, Meunier DYM, Georges MC, Saluzzo JF, Peters CJ, McCormick JB , Gonzalez JP: Serological Equivalence of Endemic Zinga Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus in the Central African Republic Lancet, 1338, 1983

Gonzalez JP, McCormick JB, Herve JP, Johnson KM, Georges AJ: An Arenavirus Isolated from Wild-Caught Rodents in the Central African Republic. Intervirology 19(1):105-112, 1983

Gonzalez JP, McCormick JB, Saluzzo JF, Georges AJ: Les Fievres Hemorragiques Africaines d'Origine Virale: Contribution a leur etude en Republique Centrafricaine. 1983 Cah. ORSTOM, ser. Ent med et Parasitol XXI, 2:119-130

Keenleyside RA, McCormick JB, Webb PA, Smith E: A Case-Control Study of Mastomys natalensis and humans in Lassa virus infected households in Sierra Leone. Am J Trop Med, Hyg 32(4), 829-837, 1983

Kurata T, Hondo R, Sato S, Oda A, Aoyama Y, McCormick JB: Detection of Viral Antigen in Formalin-fixed Specimens by Enzyme Treatment. Ann New York Acad Sci 420:192-208, 1983

Kurata T, Tsai TF, Bauer SP, McCormick JB: Immunofluorescence Studies of Disseminated Hantaan Virus Infection of Suckling Mice. Infect and Immunity, 41(1):391-398, 1983

McCormick JB, Bauer SP, Elliott LH, Webb PA, Johnson KM: Biologic Differences Between Strains of Ebola Virus From Zaire and Sudan. J Infect Dis 147:264-267, 1983

Mery JP, Dard S, Chamouard JM, Dournon E, Bricaire F, Vaheri A, Brummer- Korvenkontio M, Gonzalez JP, McCormick JB: Fievre Hemorragique Syndrome Renal in France. Lancet, 845-846, 1983

Richman DD, Cleveland PH, McCormick JB, Johnson KM: Antigenic Analysis of Strains of Ebola Virus: Identification of Two Ebola Virus Serotypes. J Infect Dis 147:268-271, 1983

Teepe RGC, Johnson BK, Ocheng D, Gichogo A, Langatt A, Ngindu A, Kiley M, Johnson KM, McCormick JB: A Probable Case of Ebola Virus Hemorrhagic Fever In Kenya, October 1983. E African Med 60(10):717-722.

Tsai TF, Bauer SB, Sasso DR, Whitfield S, McCormick JB, and Kurata T. Thomas R. Bender, Arwin R. Diwan, and Jonathan S. Raymond, Eds. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome: Epizootiologic and Epidemiologic Investigations of Hantaan Virus-Related Infections in the United States. Proc. of the 1st International Symposium on Public Health in Asia and the Pacific Basin. Hawaii, 1983.

Brun-Vezinet F, Piot P, Quinn T, McCormick JB, Montagnier L. Antibodies to LAV in Populations from Zaire 1984 Science 226:453-454.

Dournon E, Moriniere B, Matheson S, Guerry PM, Gonzalez JP, Hirsch F, McCormick JB: HFRS After a Wild Rodent Bite in the Haute-Savoie and Risk of Exposure to Hantaan-like Virus in a Paris Laboratory. Lancet, 1(8378) 676-677 1984.

Elliott LH, Kiley MP, McCormick JB: Hantaan Virus: Identification of Virion Proteins. J.Gen Virol 65, 1285-1291, 1984

Gonzalez JP, Buchmeier MJ, McCormick JB, Mitchell SW, Elliott LH, Kiley MP: Comparative Analysis of Lassa and Lassa-like Arenavirus Isolates from Africa. Segmented Negative Strand Viruses, edited by Bishop DHL, Compans RW, Academic Press, Inc. 1984.

Connor JD, Hintz M, Van Dyke R, McCormick JB, et al: Ribavirin Pharmacokinetics in Children and Adults during Therapeutic Trials. In: Clinical Applications of Ribavirin, Academic Press, Inc. l984:107-123

McCormick JB, Hopkins CC: Isolation and Management of Contagious, Highly Lethal Diseases (book chapter). Current Clinical Topics in Infec Dis, 5:86-105, 1984

McCormick JB,, Johnson KM: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. Warren and Mahmoud. Trop and Geog Med, 864-894, 1984

Piot P et al McCormick JB : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in a Heterosexual Population in Zaire. The Lancet, July 1984 pp 65-69.

Gonzalez JP, McCormick JB , Baudon D, et al: Serological Evidence for Hantaan-Related Virus in Africa. The Lancet, November 3, l984.

Benn S, Rutledge R, Martin M, Folks T, Lane C, Gold J, Baker L, McCormick JB, Feorino PM, Quinn T: Genomic Heterogeneity of AIDS Retroviral Isolates from North America and Zaire. 1985. Science 230:949-51.

Elliott LH, Kiley MP, McCormick JB. Descriptive analysis of Ebola virus proteins. Virology 1985 147 (1) 169-176

Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB. 1985 Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome: A review. Abstracts on Hygiene and Communicable Diseases 60:R1-R20

Fisher-Hoch SP, Price MJ, Craven RB, Price F, Forthal DNF, Sasso D, Scott SM, Elliott LE, McCormick JB. 1985 Safe intensive care management of a severe case of Lassa fever using simple barrier nursing techniques. Lancet;ii:1227-1229

Georges AJ, Gonzalez JP, Abdul-Wahid S, Saluzzo JF, Meunier DM, McCormick JB. Antibodies to Lassa and Lassa-like viruses in man and animals in the central African Republic Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1985 79 (1) 78-79

Gonzalez JP, Du Saussay C, Gautun JC, McCormick JB, Mouchet J. La Dengue au Burkina Faso: epidemies saisonnieres en milieu urbain a Ouagadougou. 1985 Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 78 (1) 7-14

Jahrling PB, Niklasson BS, McCormick JB. Early diagnosis of human Lassa fever by ELISA detection of antigen and antibody. 1985 Lancet 1 (8423) 250-252

Lange JV, Mitchell SW, McCormick JB, Walker DH, Evatt BL, Ramsey RR. Kinetic study of platelets and fibrinogen in Lassa virus-infected monkeys and early pathologic events in Mopeia virus-infected monkeys.. 1985 Am J Trop Med Hyg 34 (5

Lesbordes JL, McCormick JB, Beuzit Y, Ramiara JP, Vohito DM, Meunier DM, Georges MC, Gonzalez JP, Georges AJ. Clinical Aspects of AIDS in the Central African Republic. 1985 Med Trop 45(4):405-411.

Martin ML, Lindsey-Regnery H, Sasso DR, McCormick JB, Palmer E: Distinction between Bunyaviridae Genera by Surface Structure and Comparison with Hantaan virus using Negative Strain Electron Microscopy. 1985.Arch. Virology 86(1-2) 17-28.

Rollin PE, Mathiot CH, Nawrocka E, Ravaoalimalala VE, Coulanges P, Sureau P, McCormick JB. 1985. La Fievre Hemorrhagique Avec Syndrome Renal A Madagascar. Premiere Enquete Sero-Epidemiologique /-Sur Les Populations De Rats. Arch. Inst. Pasteur Madagascar, 52,1,181-186.

Swanepoel R, Leman PA, Shepard AJ, Kiley MP, McCormick JB. Identification of Ippy as a Lassa-fever-related virus 1985 Lancet

Tsai TF, Bauer SP, Sasso DR, Whitfield SG, McCormick JB, Carawa TC, McFarland L, Bradford H, Kurata T. Serological and Viroloqical evidence of a Hantaan virus-related enzootic in the United States. 1985 J Infect Dis 152 (1) 126-136

Auperin DD, Sasso DR. McCormick JB, Nucleotide Sequence of the Glycoprotein Gene and Intergenic region of the Lassa virus S Genome RNA. Virology 1986 154:155-167

Fisher-Hoch SP, Mitchell SW, Sasso DR, Lange JV, Ramsey R, and McCormick JB, Physiologic and Immunologic Disturbances Associated with Shock in a Primate Model of Lassa Fever. J Infect. Dis. 1986 155:(3) 465-474.

Gonzalez JP, Georges AJ, Kiley MP, Meunier DM, Peters CJ, McCormick JB. Evolutionary biology of a Lassa virus complex. 1986 Med Microbiol Immunol 175 (2-3) 161-163

Gonzalez JP, McCormick JB. L'Evolution des Arenaviridae. 1986 Mammologie

Helmick CG, Webb PA, Scribner CL, Krebs JW, McCormick JB. No evidence for increased risk of Lassa fever infection in hospital staff. 1986 Lancet 2 (8517) 1202-1205

Johnson KM, McCormick JB, Webb PA, Smith ES, Elliott LH, and King IJ. Clinical Virology of Lassa Fever in Hospitalized Patients. J Infect. Dis. 1986. 155(3) 456-464

Kiley MP, Swanepoel R, Mitchell SW, Lange JV, Gonzalez JP, McCormick JB. Serological and biological evidence that Lassa-complex arenaviruses are widely distributed in Africa. 1986 Med Microbiol Immunol 1986 175 (2-3) 161-163

Kiley MP, Wilusz J, McCormick JB, Kenne JD. Conservation of the 3 ' terminal nucleotide sequence of Ebola and Marburg virus. 1986 Virology 149 (2) 251-254

Mann, JM, Francis, H, Quinn, T, Pangu KA, Bosenge N, Nzila N, Kapita B, Muyembe T, Ruti K, Piot P, McCormick JB, Curran JW. 1986. Surveillance for AIDS in a Central African City, Kinshasa, Zaire. JAMA Vol 255, No. 23, pp 3255-59.

Mann JM, Quinn TC, Francis H, Nzilambi N., Bosenge N., Bila K., McCormick JB, Ruti K, Asila PK, and Curran JW. 1986. Prevalence of HTLV-III/LAV in Household Contacts of Patients with Confirmed AIDS and Controls in Kinshasa, Zaire. JAMA 256:6;721-4.

McCormick JB, Walker DH, King IJ, Webb PA, Whitfield SG, Johnson KM: Lassa Virus Hepatitis: A Study of Fatal Lassa Fever in Humans. Am. J. Trop. Med. 35(2), 1986 pp 401-407.

McCormick JB, Webb PA, Krebs JW, Johnson KM, Smith K: A Prospective Study of The Epidemiology and Ecology of Lassa Fever. JID. 1986. Vol. 155, pp 437-444

Rodriquez M, McCormick JB, Weissenbacher MC; Antiviral Effect of Ribavirin on Junin Virus Replication in Vitro. Rev. Argent Microbiol 1986; 18(2):69-74.

McCormick JB, Webb PA, Scribner CL, King IJ, Johnson KM, Elliott LH, Craven RB: Lassa Fever: Effective Therapy with Ribavirin. NEJM 314:20-26, 1986.

McCormick JB, King IJ, Webb PA, Smith ES, Johnson KM, O’Sulli-Jan R, Williams B, Trippel S, and Tong TC, A Case Control Study of Clinical Diagnosis and Course of Lassa Fever. JID. 1986. 155 (445-455).

Rollin PE, Nawrocka E, Rodhain F, Sureau P, and McCormick JB. 1986. Donnees Serologiques Sur La Fievre Hemorrhagique Avec Syndrome Renal En Asie Du Sud-Est. Bull. Soc. Path. Ex., 78, 1986, 473-475.

Webb PA, McCormick JB, King IJ, et al: Lassa Fever in Children in Sierra Leone, West Africa. Trans Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1986 80(4) 577-582

Weissenbacher MC, Avila MM, Calello MA, Merani MS, McCormick JB, Rodriguez M. Effect of ribavirin and immune serum on Junin virus-infected primates. 1986 Med Microbiol Immunol 175 (2-3) 183-186

Weissenbacher MC, Calello MA, Merani MS, McCormick JB, Rodriguez M Therapeutic effect of the antiviral agent ribavirin in Junin virus infection of primates. 1986 J Med Virol (3) 261-267

Yan DY, Xie YJ, Zhang CA, McCormick JB, Sanchez A, Engelman HM, Chen SZ, Gu XS, Tang WT, Zhang J. New isolates of HFRS virus in Sichuan, China and characterization of antigenic differences by monoclonal antibodies 1986 Lancet 1 (8493) 1328

Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB (1987) Pathophysiology and treatment of Lassa fever. Curr.Topics in Microbiol and Immunol. 134:231-240.

Forthal D, Bauer SP, McCormick JB. Antibody to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome viruses (Hantaviruses) in the United States. AM. J. Epidem., 126:1210-1213 1987.

Getchell JP, McCormick JB et. al. Human Immunodeficiency Virus isolated from a Serum Sample Collected in 1976 in Central Africa. 1987 JID 156,5:833-837.

Getchell JP, Heath JL, Hicks DR, Sporborg C, Mann JM, and McCormick JB. Detection of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type I and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Cultured Lymphocytes of a Zairian Man with AIDS. 1987 JID. Vol. 155, PP 612-616.

Gnann JW, McCormick JB, Mitchell S, Nelson JA, Oldstone MBA. Synthetic Peptide immunoassay Distinguishes HIV Type 1 and HIV Type 2 Infections. 1987 Science 237:1346-1349.

Hang CS; Kiley MP. Lange JV; McCormick JB; Song G. (Viral RNA extraction from epidemic hemorrhagic fever viruses.) Chinese Journal of Virology (1987) 3 (2) 120-124 (Chin) Inst. Virol., Chinese Acad. Prevent. Med., Beijing, China.

Mann, JM, Colebunders, RL, Khonde, N, Nzilambi, N, Jansegers, L, McCormick JB, Quinn, TC, Bila, K, Kalemba, K, Bosenge, N, Malonga, M, Francis, H, Piot, P, and Curran, JW. Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Zaire Lancet 1987

McCormick JB, Krebs JW, Mitchell SW, Feorino PM, Getchell JP Odio W, Kapita B, Quinn TC, and Piot P. Isolation Of Human Immune Deficiency Virus From African AIDS Patients And From Persons Without AIDS Or IgG Antibody To Human Immune Deficiency Virus. 1987, The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 36(1), 102-106.

McCormick JB, King IJ, Webb PA, Smith ES, Johnson KM, O'Sullivan R, Belmont-Williams R, Trippel, S, and Tong TC, A Case-Control Study of Clinical Diagnosis and Course of Lassa Fever. JID. 1987. 155 (445-455).

McCormick JB. Epidemiology and Control of Lassa Fever. 1987 Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 134:69-78

Quinn TC, Piot P, McCormick JB, Feinsod FM, Taelman H, Kapita B, Stevens W, Fauci AS. Serologic and immunologic studies in patients with AIDS in North America and Africa. The Potential role of infectious agents as cofactors in human immunodeficiency virus infection. 1987 JAMA 257 (19) 2617-2621

Gnann JW,Jr., McCormick JB, Nelson JA, and Oldstone MBA, Synthetic Peptide Reagents Serologically Distinguish Among Infections Caused By HIV-1 Strains and Between HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infections: Pub. No.5054-IMM Vaccines 88, Cold Spring Harbor. 1987

Rollin PE, Laveran H, Gonzalez JP, Coudrier D, Sureau P, Beytout D, and McCormick JB. Fievre Hemorragique Avec Syndrome Renal Dans Le Centre de la France. Press Med.(France) 1987 16(4) 175-176

Rollin PE, Baylet R, Odhain F, Coudrier D, Sureau P, and McCormick JB. Evidence serologique de l'existence d'un hantavirus chez le rat Rattus norvegicus en milieu rural en France. Presse Med. (France) 1987 16(11) 537-538

Van der Groen G, Yamanishi K, McCormick JB, Lloyd G, and Tkachenko EA. Characterization of Hantaviruses using monoclonal antibodies Acta Virologica, Acta Virol, 31: 499-503, 1987.

Auperin DD, Esposito JJ, Lange JV, Bauer SP, Knight J, Sasso DR, McCormick JB. Construction of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the Lassa virus glycoprotein gene and protection of guinea pigs from a lethal Lassa virus infection. Virus Research 1988 9:233-248

Management of patients with suspected Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. MMWR 37:Supplement-3, 2/26/1988

De Cock KM, Colebunders R, Francis H, Nzilambi N, Laga M, Ryder RW, Bondjobo M, McCormick JB, Piot P. Evaluation of the WHO clinical case definition for AIDS in rural Zaire. AIDS 1988, 2:219-221.

Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB, Sasso D, Craven RB. Hematologic dysfunction in Lassa fever. 1988 J. Med Virol. ;26:127-135.

Fultz PM, Switzer WM, Schable CA, Desrosiers RC, Silva DP, McCormick JB Seroprevalence of HIV1 and HIV2 in Guinea Bissau in 1980 AIDS 1988: II:129-132 Gonzalez JP, McCormick JB, Kiley MP. Genetic variation among Lassa and Lassa-related arenaviruses analysed by T-oligonucleotide mapping. 1988 Ann Inst Pasteur Virol 139 405-420

Hirabayashi Y, Oka S, Goto H, Shimada K, Kurata T, Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB An imported case of Lassa fever with late appearance of polyserositis. J. Inf. Dis. 1988 158:872-875

Kiley MP, Cox N, Elliott LH, Sanchez A, DeFries R, Buchmeier MJ, Richman DD, McCormick JB. Physiochemical properties of Marburg virus: evidence for three distinct virus strains and their relationship to Ebola virus. 1988 J Gen Virol 69 (8) 1957-1967

McCormick JB. Lassa fever: epidemiology, therapy and vaccine development. 1988 Kansenshagaku Zasshi 62 (suppl) 353-366

McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP. 1988 Arboviruses. In. Zinsser Microbiology ed. Joklick WL, Willet HP, Amos DB., Wilfert CM. Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Co. 852-854.

Nzilambi N, DeCock KM, Forthal DN, Francis H, Ryder RW, Malebe I, Getchell J, Laga M, Piot P, McCormick JB. The prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus over a 10-year period in rural Zaire. 1988. NEJM 318 (5):276-279.

Price ME, Fisher-Hoch SP, Craven RB, McCormick JB. 1988 Prospective study of maternal and fetal outcome in acute Lassa fever during Pregnancy. Br Med J ;297:584-588

Rayfield M, De Cock K, Heyward W, Goldstein L, Krebs J, Kwok S, Lee S, McCormick JB. Moreau JM, Odehouri K, Schochetman G, Sninsky, Ou CY Mixed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in an Individual: Demonstration of both HIV type 1 and type 2 Proviral sequences by using polymerase chain reaction. J. Inf. Diseases 1988 158:1170-76

Saluzzo JF, Adam F, McCormick JB, Digoutte JP. Lassa fever virus in Senegal. 1988 J Infect Dis 157 (3) 605 Tomori O, Fabiyi A, Sorungbe A, Smith A, McCormick JB. Viral hemorrhagic fever antibodies in Nigerian populations. 1988 Am. J. Trop Med Hyg 38 (2) 407-410

Auperin DD, McCormick JB. Nucleotide sequence of the Lassa virus (Josiah strain) S genome RNA and amino acid sequence comparison of the N and GPC proteins to other arenaviruses. 1989 Virology 168 (2) 421-425

Cummins D, Bennett D, Fisher-Hoch SP, Farrar B, McCormick JB Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with Lassa fever. 1989 J. Trop Med Hyg 92:350-355

Cummins D, Fisher-Hoch SP, Walshe K, Mackie IJH, Bennett D, Perez-Oronoz G, Farrar B, Machin .SJ, McCormick JB A plasma inhibitor of platelet aggregation in patients with Lassa Fever. Br. J. Hematol. 1989, 72, 543-548.

Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB, Auperin D, Brown BG, Castor M, Perez-Oronoz G, Ruo S, Conaty A, Brammer L, Bauer S. (1989) Protection of rhesus monkeys from fatal Lassa fever by vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the Lassa virus glycoprotein gene. PNAS 85:317-321.

Hirabayashi Y, Oka S, Goto H Shimada K, Kurata T, Fisher-Hoch SF, McCormick JB. The first imported case of Lassa fever in Japan. 1989 Nippon Rinshe 47 (1) 71-75

McCormick JB, Infections caused by Arenaviruses. Textbook of Medicine. Kelley W, ed. Lippincott, Philadelphia 1989 302:3270-3277

Morrison HG, Bauer SP, Lane JV, Esposito JJ, McCormick JB, Auperin DD (1989) Protection of guinea pigs from Lassa fever by vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the nucleoprotein or the envelope glycoproteins of Lassa virus. Virology 171, 179-188.

Odehouri K, De Cock KM, et. al. McCormick JB, Heyward WL. HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infection Associated with AIDS in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. AIDS 1989;3;509-12.

Roberts PJ, Cummins D, Bainton AL, Walshe K, Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB, Machin SJ, Linch DC. Plasma from patients with severe Lassa fever profoundly modulates f-Met-Leu-Phe-induced superoxide generation in neutrophils. 1989 Br. J. Hematol. 73:152-157

Sanchez A, Kiley MP, Holloway BP, McCormick JB, Auperin DD (1989). The nucleoprotein gene of Ebola virus: cloning, sequencing, and in-vitro expression. Virology 170, 81-91.

Sanchez A, Pifat DY, Kenyon RH Peters CJ, McCormick JB, Kiley MP. Junin virus monoclonal antibodies: characterization and , with other arenaviruses. J Gen Virol 1989 70 (5) 1125-1132

Srinivasan A, York D, Butler D, Jannoun-Nasr R. Getchell J, McCormick J, Ou CY et al. Molecular characterization of HIV-1 Isolated from a serum collected in 1976:Nucleotide Sequence comparison to recent isolates and generation of hybrid HIV. Aids Research and Human Retroviruses 1989 5,2:121-129.

Cummins D, McCormick JB, Bennett D, Samba JA, Farrar B, Machin SJ, Fisher-Hoch SP. Acute sensor neural deafness in Lassa fever. 1990 JAMA 264,16:2093-2096.

Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB, Pathogenesis of Hemorrhagic Fevers. 1990 in Principles and Practice of Clinical Virology Ed. Zuckerman AJ, Banatvala JE, Pattison JR. Wiley & Sons London 17:609-625.

Holmes GP, McCormick JB, Trock SC et. al. Lassa Fever in the United States: Investigation of a Case and New Guidelines for Management. 1990 NEJM 323:1120-1123

McCormick JB, The Arenaviruses, 1990 in Virology Ed. B. Field Raven Press, New York.

McCormick JB. Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections 1990 in Hunter's Textbook of Tropical Medicine. Ed. GT. Strickland, WB. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Ch. 22.4:244-248

Ruo SL, McCormick JB, Mitchell SW, Roumillat LF, Kiley MP, Fisher-Hoch SP 1990 Antigenic relatedness between arenaviruses defined at the epitope level by monoclonal antibodies. J.Gen.Virol 1991 549-555

Ruo SL, Sanchez A, Elliott LH, Brammer LS, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP. Antigenic relationship between Hantaviruses defined by monoclonal antibodies. 1991 Arch. of Virol.

Tang YW, Li Yl; Ye KL; Xu ZY; Ruo SL; Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB Distribution of hantavirus serotypes Hantaan and Seoul causing hemorrhagic fever with Renal syndrome and identification by hemagglutination inhibition assay. 1991 J Clin Microbiol 29(9):1924-1927

Tang YW, Ruo S, Sanchez A, Fisher-Hoch SP , McCormick JB, Xu ZY. Hantavirus strains isolated from rodentia and insectivora in rural China differentiated by polymerase chain reaction assay. Arch Virol 1990 115:37-46

McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. Ed. Warren KS, and Mahmoud AF, McGraw-Hill, New York. Trop and Geog Med 2nd Edition, Ch. 75:700-728, 1991

McCormick JB. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) 1991 Hunter's Textbook of Tropical Medicine. Ed. GT. Strickland, WB. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Ch. 22.6:251-254.

McCormick JB. Diseases Caused by Hantaviruses. 1991 Hunter's Textbook of Tropical Medicine. ED GT. Strickland, WB. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Ch. 22.5:248-251

McCormick JB. Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections 1991 in Hunter's Textbook of Tropical Medicine. E GT. Strickland, WB. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Ch. 22.4:244-248

Fisher-Hoch SP, Auperin DD, Brammer L, Conaty A, Perez-Oronoz G, Ruo SL, Brown BG, McCormick JB The nucleoprotein gene of Lassa virus expressed in a recombinant vaccinia vaccine appears to enhance Lassa infection in experimentally challenge non-human primates. Submitted

Trappier SG, Conaty AL, Farrar BB, Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of Lassa fever. AM. J. Trop Med Hyg.

Dykewicz C, Dato V, Fisher-Hoch SP, Howarth M., Perez-Oronoz G, Ostroff S. Schonberger L, McCormick JB. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Outbreak Associated with Nude Mice in a Research Institute. 1992 JAMA 267,10:1349-1353.

Xu Xiao, Ruo, SL, Tang, Y., Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick, J. B. Molecular characterization and expression of glycoprotein gene of Hantavirus R22 strain isolated from Rattus norvegicus in China. Virus Research 21:35-52. 1991

Xu X, Ruo S, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP Immunity to Hantavirus challenge in Meriones unguiculatus induced by vaccinia-vectored viral proteins; Am-J-Trop-Med-Hyg. 1992 Oct; 47(4): 397-404

Solbrig MV, McCormick JB. Lassa Fever: Central Nervous System Manifestations. 1992 J Tropical and Geographical Neurology.

McCormick J B., 1992 Rhabdoviruses (Rabies) Filoviruses (Ebola-Marburg Viruses) In. Zinsser Microbiology 20th edition ed. Joklick WL. Willet HP., Amos DB., Wilfert CM. Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Co. Ch. 74:1028-1034

McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP. 1992 Arboviruses. In Zinsser Microbiology 20th edition ed. Joklick WL. Willet H P., Amos DB., Wilfert CM. Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Co. Ch. 61:1019-1028.

McCormick, JB, 1992 Arenaviruses In. Zinsser Microbiology 20th edition ed. Joklick WL. Willet HP., Amos DB., Wilfert CM. Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Co. Ch. 75:1034-1039

McCormick JB, Mitchell SW, Kiley MP, Ruo S, Fisher-Hoch SP. Inactivated Lassa virus elicits a non-protective immune response in rhesus monkeys. 1992 J Med Virol 37:1-7.

Fisher-Hoch SP, Brammer TL, Trappier SG, Hutwagner LC, Farrar BB, Ruo SL, Brown BG, Hermann LM, Perez-Oronoz GI, Goldsmith CS, Hanes MA, McCormick JB Pathogenic potential of filoviruses: role of geographic origin of primate host and virus strain J Infect Dis. 1992;166:753-763.

Cummins D, Bennett D. Fisher-Hoch SP, Farrar B, Machin SJ, McCormick JB Lassa fever encephalopathy: Clinical and Laboratory findings. J Trop Med Hyg. 95(3):197-201 1992 .

Fisher-Hoch SP Kustner HGV, McCormick JB, Swanapoel R. et al, Risk of human infections with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus in a South African rural community. J Am Soc Trop Med. Hyg. 1992;47:337-345.

Elliott LH; Sanchez A; Holloway BP; Kiley MP; McCormick JB. Ebola protein analyses for the determination of genetic organization Arch-Virol. 1993; 133(3-4): 423-36

Ruo SL, Yong LL, Sheng T, Ma QR, Liu ZL, Tang YW, De LY, Zhi YX, McCormick JB Fisher-Hoch SP. Retrospective and prospective studies of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in rural China. J Infect Dis 1994;170:527-534.

Li Yong Liang, Ruo SL, Tong Z, Ma QR, Liu ZL, Ye KL, Zhu ZY, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP, Xu ZY. A serotypic study of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in rural China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1995; 52:10-14

Fisher-Hoch SP, Tomori O, Perez-Oronoz GI, Fakile Y. Hutwagner L., McCormick JB Review of cases of nosocomial Lassa fever in Nigeria: the high price of poor medical practice. BMJ 1995;311:857-859.

Fisher-Hoch SP, Khan JA, Rehman S, Mirza S, Khurshid M, McCormick JB. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever treated with oral ribavirin. Lancet 1995;346:472-475.

Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB Arenaviruses. 1996 In the Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Luby S, Qamruddin K, Amir O, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP, et al.. Risk factors for hepatitis C in a city in the Punjab. Submitted

Khan A, Alam M, Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB. Risk factors for Vibrio cholerae infection in Karachi, Pakistan. Manuscript submitted. Khan A. Alam M, McCormick JB, Khurshid M, Fisher-Hoch SP V.cholerae 0139 in Karachi. Manuscript in preparation.

UlHaq I, Shamshuddin, McCormick JB, Rasmussen Z, Fisher-Hoch S, McCormick JB. Case control study of cholera in the Northern Provinces of Pakistan. Manuscript in preparation.

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I was born in Tennessee in 1942 and raised on a farm in rural Indiana. I obtained a scholarship to Florida Southern College from which I graduated in 1964 with a double major in chemistry and mathematics, with honors and the outstanding awards in both subjects. Upon graduation I was awarded a National Science Foundation fellowship to study physics at Vanderbilt, and also a place in the Peace Corps, but I elected instead to attend the Free University of Brussels, Belgium, for a year to acquire sufficient French to take up a position teaching sciences and mathematics in a secondary school in Zaire. The school was in a remote area of Zaire, and in the turbulence of immediate post independence in that country this period gave me the wider experience of life I was seeking at that time. I worked in the local hospital which gave me an introduction to medicine and particularly an interest in health issues in an international setting. With this in mind, I returned to the United States in 1966 and entered Duke Medical School from which I graduated in 1971, having obtained an MS from Harvard School of Public Health in 1970, and received the Upjohn Award for Community Health. During my medical training I spent two summer electives, one in Guatemala, where I learnt and used Spanish and the other in Haiti, where I was able to use French. My internship and residency were in pediatrics at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia under Dr. C. Everett Koop.

In 1973 I joined the US Public Health Commissioned Corps and became an Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Officer, Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Ga., and was also a fellow in the Preventive Medicine Residency Program at the CDC I joined the Special Pathogens Branch of the Division of Bacterial Diseases, and became its acting chief in my second year. I was involved at this stage with epidemics of meningococcal meningitis, spending extensive time over 2 years in Brazil, where I learnt to speak Portuguese. On completion of EIS, I remained with CDC, moving to the Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral Diseases. At this point I went to West Africa to set up the CDC Lassa Fever Research Project in Sierra Leone. I was also called to go to Zaire to join the team investigating the Ebola outbreak of 1976. My previous experience and knowledge of the country and of the French language allowed me to undertake the task of traveling through the remote areas and less traveled roads of northern Zaire to reach Sudan in an attempt to establish a connection between the two outbreaks. In 1979, I was again called by WHO to lead the investigation of the second Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreak in southern Sudan. (I later authored or co-authored a series of 4 papers on the comparative biology, immunology, molecular biology and pathogenesis of the filovirus strains from Zaire and Sudan published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases in 1982.)

I lived and worked in the Eastern Province, Sierra Leone, for three years, conducting studies of the epidemiology and treatment of Lassa fever. Data from these studies were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in the form of a definitive, effective antiviral treatment for this disease. (The Journal of Infectious Diseases published a series of four papers in one issue describing the clinical disease, laboratory characteristics, epidemiology and pathophysiology, which I authored or co-authored). More than 1500 patients with laboratory-confirmed Lassa fever were treated during the 13 year life of this project, generating many other major publications. This project only ended when this part of Sierra Leone was overrun by rebels from Liberia.

On my return to Atlanta in 1982 I became Chief, Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control, and attained the rank of Medical Director by 1983. I was director of the Biosafety Level 4 laboratory at CDC for 9 years, and inaugurated the current BSL4 facility at CDC. I was also director of the WHO Collaborating Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. In 1983 I published a paper in the Lancet demonstrating that the Hantavirus was a bunyavirus by showing the first EM photographs of the virus. This paper also provided the tissue culture system for hantaviruses, now used throughout the world for isolation and molecular and other studies of hantaviruses, and the system for measuring neutralization and cross immunity between hantaviruses. During this period I also became involved in the earliest studies of HIV/AIDS in Africa, leading the original team that established the Project SIDA in Kinshasa, Zaire. Later I led the team that established the Project RetroCi in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. I also authored and co-authored numerous papers concerning HIV/AIDS in major journals, including Science, and established a key point in the natural history of HIV infection in Africa (that is that the disease could remain at a very low level of transmission in remote, rural Africa for at least a decade), reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, by testing specimens saved in my laboratory from the 1976 Ebola outbreak. These specimens also yielded what is presently the oldest HIV isolate. This genetic sequence is now used as a standard to help determine the rate of nucleotide sequence change for HIV. During a sabbatical in 1988 at the Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, Ca. in the laboratory of Dr. Michael Oldstone, I studied the molecular virology and pathophysiology of viral hemorrhagic fevers, including genetically engineered vaccines for Lassa fever.

In 1990-91, I elected to consolidate my work in HIV by moving to be assistant to the Director, Division of HIV/AIDS at CDC. I then widened the scope of my interests and experience by taking a position in the Malaria Branch as Chief, Immunobiology Activity, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, CDC. During this period I established a cohort study of malaria in infants and young children, with a cellular and molecular biology-oriented field laboratory facility in Kisumu, Kenya. This study is generating new data on the natural history of the immune response to malaria, data which are currently being analyzed and published, with continued funding from USAID. In 1993 I was recruited to take up the post of Chairman, Community Health Sciences Department, at the Aga Khan University Medical School (AKU). I accepted this position because it would provide a unique opportunity to leave a purely infectious disease situation and move into the broader issues of public health in a developing country. My brief was to reorganize and reorient this large department toward a stronger scientific public health base, particularly the application of epidemiology and biostatistics to a variety of health problems. With additional recruitment of a CDC trained epidemiologist, and a biostatistician I have established an epidemiology program, resembling the CDC Field Epidemiology Training Programs, but built on an academic private university model. The scientific output of the department has now started to grow rapidly from 1 or 2 publications per year in previous years to 10-12 in 1995, and an anticipated 15-20 in 1996.

I took the CHS Department through a strategic planning exercise in 1995 and we are now reorganizing into 5 divisions including Health Systems, Social Health, Women and Child Health, Epidemiology and Family Medicine. I started a Family Medicine Residency in 1993, and that is now flourishing as it enters its 3rd year with a full complement of residents. The residents in this program are now rotating in 3 different rural hospitals in Pakistan, providing, in my view a more practical and applicable model of general physician. This is the first such program in Pakistan).

The existing programs in urban and rural health and women and child health are being broadened and brought under more rigorous scientific methodology. Several young Pakistanis are completing studies and working on a variety of issues including infectious disease, maternal and child health care, vaccination studies, nutrition, urban health, occupational health, violence and women’s rights. In collaboration with my wife, Dr. Susan Fisher-Hoch, a molecular epidemiology laboratory has been established to support field studies. Major funding has been obtained (6 grants totaling 2.5 million dollars over 2 years). I have also gained experience in teaching both undergraduate medical students and faculty at AKU. Several particular areas of experience have been:

Urban health

I have established a new program in urban health in Karachi, funded jointly by USAID and CIDA. This program is designed to compare the cost-effectiveness of development in improving urban health with more traditional health programs. The program is funded for 5 years, and is major focal point for education of residents in Community Health Sciences, medical students, and for conducting a number of separate studies of important health problems in the urban setting.

Undergraduate teaching of epidemiology and public health.

The curriculum at AKU is unique in that the undergraduate medical students spend a total of 20% of their time (equivalent of 1 year) in Community Health, established at the beginning of the school in 1983. A full program in epidemiology and biostatistics is offered to the medical students, as well as courses in health management and family medicine. More recently we have provided the students 2 or more opportunities to conduct significant field research studies, which they are encouraged to write up and publish. Thus far papers from student research projects have been published in Lung and Tubercle and Burns. Among draft manuscripts prepared and submitted from students are studies of typhoid, rabies, dengue.

Teaching experience

I have extensive teaching experience throughout my career at all levels from high school to graduate courses. Beginning with teaching experience in Zaire, I have progressed to graduate teaching in my capacity as Adjunct Professor at Emory University, and annual lectures at Harvard and Tulane Universities. At AKU I have undertaken undergraduate teaching of medical students including formal lectures in public health and basic science. I have also established (in 1994) a regional epidemiology training program which offers courses to health professionals in epidemiology, and health systems management. These courses have now had students from Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Tajikistan, Nepal, India, Kenya, and Tanzania, many supported by WHO grants. The CHS department has prepared in collaboration with McGill University a program for masters degrees in Epidemiology and in Health Systems Management which is due to start in 1996 (these will be the first in the region).

Fund raising

I have successfully obtained funds throughout my career, starting with external funding from the US Army for the Sierra Leone project, monoclonal antibody production for hemorrhagic fevers, and grants from PAHO, WHO and the Rockefeller and Wellcome foundations for the study of Lassa fever, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and dengue. I was instrumental (wrote the grant) in obtaining funding for the Kenyan cohort study of malaria was obtained from USAID. Currently I have raised 2.5 million USD for studies at the AKU.

Other achievements

I speak and read fluently in French, and also have a working knowledge of Spanish, Portuguese, German and Krio. Among my awards are Exceptional Capability Promotion, Meritorious Service Medal, 3 PHS Citations, two unit commendations and the foreign service award of the USPHS. I have held several university appointments including Visiting Professor at Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, Adjunct Professor at Emory University and at University of North Carolina, and Member of the Group d'Études de Virologie de L’Institut Pasteur, and I am now full professor at the Aga Khan University. I has been an invited speaker and chairman at many symposia and meetings, including the 2nd International Conference on AIDS in 1986, the meetings of the Japanese NIH and the 7th. International Congress of Virology, Berlin, 1990. I have served as consultant to WHO in viral hemorrhagic fevers, smallpox eradication, antiviral agents and AIDS. In 1985 I organized and co-chaired the first WHO meeting on AIDS in Africa on the African Continent. I have acted as reviewer for many journals including the Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal of Virology, Reviews of Infectious Diseases and the Annals of Internal Medicine. My publications number over 170 and include seminal papers in AIDS and viral hemorrhagic fevers, involving co-authors from over 20 different countries, and I have written a number of review articles and textbook chapters. I am a member of several scientific organizations. Consultancies and invited participations include the Pan American Health Organization, US-Japan Panel, The National Institutes of Health, American Epidemiological Society and the World Health organization.

Recently my activities in viral hemorrhagic fevers and contributions to the science and epidemiology of emerging pathogens have been given time on television, newspapers and periodicals and in several books for the lay reader. I am an amateur pianist, and I enjoy running, back packing, skiing and fly fishing. I am married with three children.

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