PREFACE
In November 1994, U.S. EPA released the Waste
Minimization National Plan (WMNP). The WMNP focuses on reducing the
generation and subsequent release to the environment of the most
persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic
chemicals in hazardous wastes, and establishes three goals:
1) |
To reduce, as a nation, the presence of
these chemicals in hazardous wastes by 25 percent by the year 2000 and
by 50 percent by the
year 2005. |
2) |
To avoid transferring these chemicals
across environmental media. |
3) |
To ensure that these chemicals are
reduced at their
source whenever possible, or, when not possible, that they are recycled
in
an environmentally sound manner. |
Stakeholders involved in development of the WMNP
emphasized the need to prioritize source reduction and recycling
activities based on
risk and requested a flexible screening tool that would assist them in
identifying
priorities. EPA subsequently committed in the WMNP to develop a tool
that
would prioritize chemicals based on persistence, bioaccumulation
potential,
toxicity, and quantity. On June 23, 1997, EPA issued the Beta Test
Version
1.0 of the Waste Minimization Prioritization Tool (WMPT), a tool
developed
to assist in waste minimization efforts, for public review. In response
to
public and Agency comments, EPA has modified the WMPT and used the
Revised
WMPT as input to developing the proposed RCRA Waste Minimization PBT
Chemical
List.
The WMPT is a joint product of EPA�fs Office
of
Solid Waste (OSW) and EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
(OPPT). It provides a screening-level assessment of potential chronic
(i.e., long-term) risks to human health and the environment.
The relative chemical rankings derived from the
WMPT can complement other risk or cost information in the
decision-making process.
This document provides background and
technical
documentation for the Revised WMPT as used for input to the RCRA PBT
List
process. The document includes background on the technical approach
used
in the Revised WMPT along with technical information on the WMPT
spreadsheets
included in the RCRA PBT List docket.
The WMPT remains a work in progress. EPA plans
to
re-release the WMPT in Windows format by early 1999.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DISCLAIMER i
PREFACE ii
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS viii
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND FUTURE PLANS
1.1 |
Origins of WMPT 1-1
1.1.1 |
Federal Statutory Language
Promotes Source Reduction and Recycling |
1.1.2 |
Waste Minimization National Plan
Established Source
Reduction and Recycling Goals and Promised Development of Risk
Screening
Tool |
1.1.3 |
EPA Adopted WMNP Goal as Part of
Government Performance and Results Act Implementation |
1.1.4 |
EPA Established Regional/State
Team to Recommend Approach for Developing Risk Screening Tool |
|
1.2 |
Release of WMPT Beta Test Version 1.0 |
1.3 |
Workgroup Modified WMPT Beta Test
Version 1.0 to Develop Revised WMPT |
1.4 |
Use of Revised WMPT in Development of
the RCRA Waste Minimization PBT Chemical List |
1.5 |
Future Release of WMPT |
CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF REVISED WMPT
2.1 |
Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and
Toxicity (PBT) |
2.2 |
Scoring Algorithm |
2.3 |
Universe of Chemicals of Concern for
RCRA PBT List |
2.4 |
Consideration of Additional Data Sources |
2.5 |
Elemental Metals and Metal Compounds |
2.6 |
References |
CHAPTER 3: PERSISTENCE SCORING
3.1 |
Overview of Persistence and the
Decision to Use a Partitioning Model
3.1.1 |
Comments Received |
3.1.2 |
Consultation with Experts |
|
3.2 |
Models Considered and Model Selection |
3.3 |
Spreadsheet Partitioning Model
3.3.1 |
Overview |
3.3.2 |
Formulas Included in the
Spreadsheet Partitioning Model |
3.3.3 |
Model Limitations and Issues |
|
3.4 |
Input Parameters
3.4.1 |
Constants and Conversion Factors |
3.4.2 |
Modeled Environment |
3.4.3 |
Compartment-specific Parameters |
3.4.4 |
Emission Rates |
3.4.5 |
Chemical Properties and Data
Sources |
3.4.6 |
Acceptable Temperature Range for
Data |
3.4.7 |
Persistence Data Preference
Hierarchy
3.4.7.1 |
Data Included |
3.4.7.2 |
Data Not Included |
|
3.4.8 |
Half-life Data
3.4.8.1 |
Handbook of Environmental
Degradation Rates |
3.4.8.2 |
Illustrated Handbook of
Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate of Organic Chemicals |
3.4.8.3 |
Mercury Study Report to
Congress |
3.4.8.4 |
Agricultural Research
Service Pesticide Properties
Data Base |
3.4.8.5 |
AOPWIN |
3.4.8.6 |
Ultimate Survey Model |
3.4.8.7 |
HYDROWIN |
|
3.4.9 |
Melting Point, Vapor Pressure,
n-Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient, and Henry's Law Constant
3.4.9.1 |
PhysProp |
3.4.9.2 |
MPBPWIN |
3.4.9.3 |
KOWWIN |
3.4.9.4 |
HENRYWIN |
|
3.4.10 |
SMILESCAS |
3.4.11 |
Chemical Type |
3.4.12 |
Roadmap of the Spreadsheet
Partitioning Model Input
Data Spreadsheet |
3.4.13 |
Quality Assurance of the
Spreadsheet Partitioning Model Input Data Spreadsheet |
3.4.14 |
Issues |
|
3.5 |
Fenceline Determination |
3.6 |
Scoring of Elemental Metals |
3.7 |
Roadmap for the Persistence Spreadsheet |
3.8 |
Quality Assurance of Spreadsheet
Partitioning Model
Output and Persistence Scores |
3.9 |
References |
CHAPTER 4: BIOACCUMULATION SCORING
4.1 |
Scoring Algorithm |
4.2 |
Bioaccumulation Data Preference
Hierarchy
4.2.1 |
Data Included |
4.2.2 |
Data Not Included |
|
4.3 |
Mercury Study Report to Congress BAF |
4.4 |
Draft HWIR BAF and BCF Data |
4.5 |
SRC ISIS BCF File |
4.6 |
Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document
BCFs |
4.7 |
BCFWIN |
4.8 |
Fenceline Determination |
4.9 |
Superlipophilic Compounds |
4.10 |
Scoring of Elemental Metals |
4.11 |
Roadmap for the Bioaccumulation
Spreadsheet |
4.12 |
Quality Assurance of Bioaccumulation
Scores |
4.13 |
References |
CHAPTER 5: HUMAN TOXICITY SCORING
5.1 |
Chronic Toxicity Focus |
5.2 |
Taking the Higher of Human Noncancer
and Cancer Toxicity Scores |
5.3 |
Human Noncancer Toxicity
5.3.1 |
Scoring Algorithm |
5.3.2 |
Human Noncancer Toxicity Data
Preference Hierarchy
5.3.2.1 |
Data Included |
5.3.2.2 |
Data Not Included |
|
5.3.3 |
IRIS RfD and RfC |
5.3.4 |
ATSDR MRL |
5.3.5 |
HEAST RfD and RfC |
5.3.6 |
OERR Chronic Toxicity RQ |
5.3.7 |
TSCA Section 4 NOAEL and LOAEL |
5.3.8 |
Draft Cal/EPA REL |
5.3.9 |
TSCA Section 8(e) Triage |
5.3.10 |
CESARS Oral Mammalian
Sublethality Score |
5.3.11 |
OPPT Human Health Structure
Activity Team Ranking |
5.3.12 |
Fenceline Determination |
5.3.13 |
Roadmap for the Human Noncancer
Toxicity Spreadsheet |
5.3.14 |
Quality Assurance of Human
Noncancer Toxicity Scores |
|
5.4 |
Human Cancer Toxicity
5.4.1 |
Scoring Algorithm |
5.4.2 |
Human Cancer Toxicity Data
Preference Hierarchy
5.4.2.1 |
Data Included |
5.4.2.2 |
Data Not Included |
|
5.4.3 |
Weight-of-Evidence
5.4.3.1 |
IRIS |
5.4.3.2 |
HEAST |
5.4.3.3 |
IARC |
5.4.3.4 |
NTP |
|
5.4.4 |
Cancer Slope Factor and Unit Risk
Factor
5.4.4.1 |
IRIS |
5.4.4.2 |
HEAST |
5.4.4.3 |
EPA Cancer Data |
5.4.4.4 |
CERCLA Section 102 RQ
Potency Factor |
5.4.4.5 |
Draft Cal/EPA |
|
5.4.5 |
Fenceline Determination |
5.4.6 |
Roadmap for the Human Cancer
Toxicity Spreadsheet |
5.4.7 |
Quality Assurance of Human Cancer
Toxicity Scores |
|
5.5 |
Scoring of Elemental Metals |
5.6 |
Quality Assurance of Human Toxicity
Scores |
5.7 |
References |
CHAPTER 6: ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY SCORING
6.1 |
Scoring Algorithm |
6.2 |
Ecological Toxicity Data Preference
Hierarchy
6.2.1 |
Data Included |
6.2.2 |
Data Not Included |
|
6.3 |
Sediment Quality Criteria Tier I FCV |
6.4 |
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative
Tier I FCV |
6.5 |
Ambient Water Quality Criteria FCV |
6.6 |
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative
Tier II SCV |
6.7 |
OPPT Measured Data |
6.8 |
OPPT Predicted Data |
6.9 |
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative
Tier I FAV |
6.10 |
Ambient Water Quality Criteria CMC |
6.11 |
OERR Aquatic Toxicity RQ |
6.12 |
AQUIRE |
6.13 |
TSCA Section 8(e) Triage Screening
Results for Aquatic Toxicity Study Types |
6.14 |
ECOSAR |
6.15 |
Fenceline Determination |
6.16 |
Scoring of Elemental Metals |
6.17 |
Roadmap for the Ecological Toxicity
Spreadsheet |
6.18 |
Quality Assurance of Ecological
Toxicity Scores |
6.19 |
Issues |
6.20 |
References |
CHAPTER 7: HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL CONCERN SCORING
7.1 |
Score Aggregation Algorithm |
7.2 |
Roadmap for the Human Health and
Ecological Concern
Scores Spreadsheet |
7.3 |
Quality Assurance of Human Health and
Ecological Concern Scores |
|
|
Appendix A: |
Printout of the WMPT Persistence Scores
Spreadsheet |
Appendix B: |
Printout of the WMPT Bioaccumulation
Scores Spreadsheet |
Appendix C: |
Printout of the WMPT Human Noncancer
Scores Spreadsheet |
Appendix D: |
Printout of the WMPT Human Cancer
Scores Spreadsheet |
Appendix E: |
Printout of the WMPT Ecological
Toxicity Scores Spreadsheet |
Appendix F: |
Printout of the WMPT Human Health and
Ecological Concern Scores Spreadsheet |
Appendix G: |
Printout of the WMPT Distribution-based
Fencelines
Spreadsheet |
Appendix H: |
Printout of the Spreadsheet
Partitioning Model Input Data Spreadsheet |
Appendix I: |
Printout of the Spreadsheet
Partitioning Model Calculation Spreadsheet, Formaldehyde Example |
Appendix J: |
TSCA 8(e) Triage Calls (Human Noncancer) |
Appendix K: |
SAT Calls (Human Noncancer) |
Appendix L: |
Environmental Toxicity Profiles for
Existing Chemicals |
Appendix M: |
Documentation of Derivation of
Secondary Chronic Values for the Sediment Quality Advisory Levels |
Appendix N: |
Improved Method for Estimating
Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) From Octanol-Water Partition
Coefficient.Third Update Report-August 1997. W. M. Meylan et al.
Prepared by SRC for EPA. |
|