Abstract
This report provides an
overview of the prototype chemical fate and human exposure model
developed to support Japan's National Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
initiative for toxicological impacts. The model facilitates
calculation of damage-based characterization factors for toxicological
effects (time-integrated impact associated with a unit mass of a
chemical or particulate matter emitted into the environment) in
Japan. Toxicological potency and severity measures are considered
elsewhere. The model outputs include change in concentrations in
environmental media per unit mass emission and dose fractions
(time-integrated mass resulting in exposure to a defined population
divided by mass released) for humans associated
with chemical emissions into the environment. Multimedia chemical
fate,
multi-pathway human exposure and multiple classes of chemicals
(organics,
speciating, metals, gases and priority pollutants) are taken into
account.
Preliminary results are presented for 40 chemicals using the prototype
and
a comparison is made with the predictions of existing models/field data
for
68 chemicals.
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