This paper was presented at the Leyte Normal University Regional Workshop-Conference on Social Research last October 17, 2007 by the author, Emil B. Justimbaste. This is just a prelude to a book he is presently writing on the same subject.

Introduction
The Tragedy of Dulag
Northern Leyte Guerillas
Southern Leyte Guerillas
Miranda
Enter Kandleon
MacArthur Connection
Miranda vs. Kangleon
References

    Footnotes

1. Burgos, Jose, Interview of Avelina Remandaban, Dulag, Leyte, Oct. 28, 2004. The casualty figures reaching more than 4,000 were supplied by Ret. Col. Simeon Kempis.

2. Soliven, Max, Column in Philippine Star, Aug 19, 2004

3. Cannon, M. Hamlin, "Leyte: The Return to the Philippines," Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., 1954, p. 74

4. Quirino, Carlos, "Chick Parsons, America's Master Spy in the Philippines," New Day Publishers, QC, 1984, p. 94.

5. The Japanese even knew which room in the Price Mansion he stayed. They deployed a kamikaze pilot to shoot and bomb the place but the bomb did not explode. The machine gun bullet however narrowly missed him. 6. Lear, Elmer, "The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines - Leyte, 1941-45," Data Paper No. 42, Southeast Asia Program, Department of Far Eastern Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, June, 1961, p. 32

7. Ibid, Lear, p. 34-35

8. Royal Arch Gunnison, "Filipino Firebrands," Colliers, CXIV, Dec. 16, 1944, p. 74, as quoted by Lear

9. Ibid, pp. 36-37

10. Ibid, Lear, quoting from Ira Wolfert's "American Guerilla in the Philippines", p37

11. Op Cit., Lear, p. 50, citing a memo written by Pabilona to Vicente Ripalda

12. Op Cit., Lear, p. 66

13. Op. Cit., Lear, p. 41

14. Pedro Abrenica, unpublished MS thesis, "Leyte Area Command: Its Organization and Role in the Resistance Movement in the Philippines", Adamson University, 1950, p.41

15. He was popularly known in Dagami as "bungot," the vernacular term for 'moustache' or 'beard'.

16. Op. Cit., Lear, pp. 18-19

17. Leyte-Samar Weekly Express, Oct. 12-18, 1996 issue, p. S15, as cited from Uldarico Baclagon's "Philippine Campaigns"

18. Op cit, Lear, p. 52

19. Op cit Abrenica citing the notes of Lt. Teofilo Balina, formerly Personnel Officer, Leyte Area Command

20. Jose Burgos interviews of veterans Jose Ygaña, Guillermo Cabacoy and Nicanor Perturbos

21. Op. cit., Lear, p. 25

22. Ibid, p. 26, citing "The Guerilla Resistance Movement in the Philippines"

23. Pedro N. Compendio, "Inopacan: Its Wartime History," an unpublished account. Compendio is a retired public schools superintendent and an officer the Veterans Federation of the Philippines.

24. Op cit, Lear, p. 55

25. Soliman in a letter to Peralta, June 5, 1943, pp. 3-4, as quoted by Lear in his footnotes, p. 58

26. Ibid

27. Sworn Statements of veterans Celso T. Bolloso and Arturo Labrador. They said along the way from Mawab, Nabunturan and Monkayo, majority of Kangleon's men deserted and joined the evacuees who lived with the Aeta minorities of Davao.

28. Testimonies of Lorenzo Sanchez, a retired Customs official, and Camilo A. Esguerra, president of the Agusan Historical Society, a 1957 UPLB graduate and a retired principal of the Agusan Provincial High School. Affidavit was executed in Nov. 3, 2003.

29. Statement of Alfredo Calo, a war veteran

30. Capili would be promoted from private to captain for this deed, but he would die keeping a deep and dark secret.

31. Justimbaste and Burgos interview of Avelino Mosot in Baybay, 2005

32. Op cit, Lear, p. 72

33. Lear, Elmer, "Collaboration, Resistance and Liberation," p. 232

34. Ibid

35. Ibid, Lear quoting Orville Babcock's unposted letters to his daughter, p. 45

36. Willoughby, Maj. Gen. Charles A., "The Guerilla Resistance Movement in the Philippines," 1941-45, Vantage Press, first edition, June 1972, p. 279.

37. Op. cit., Quirino, pp. 39-40

38. Ibid

39. Erfe would be put in prison in Kangleon's prison camp in Matalom on charges of fiscal mismanagement and sent home to Burauen after his release. Soon he was captured by the Japanese and executed.

40. Burgos, Jose, Interview of veteran Guillermo Cabacoy

41. Handwritten account of veteran Jose Ygaña

42. Justimbaste and Burgos interview of Arsenio Amo, former radio battery operator, in Maybog, a sityo of Barrio Caridad, Baybay, Leyte

43. Op cit, Lear, p. 90. More than 3,000 guerillas of the WLGWF would remain unrecognized until today and would have no privileges as World War II veterans.

44. Op. cit., Willoughby. Mosot in the interview with the author would disclose that the radio was guarded by Margarito T. Micabel. He was almost caught by the Japanese when they found the radio hidden under a felled log in Kangleon's camp.