Dental Glossary
ABSCESS -
a local infection. A Severe decay, periodontal disease, or trauma
are causative factors. It is characterized by swelling and pain. If
an abscess ruptures, it will be accompanied by sudden relief from
pain due to a reduction in ssure. A foul taste may also be noticed.
ABUTMENT - a term used to denote the teeth on either side of
a missing tooth.
ACRYLIC RESIN - the plastic widely used in dentistry to make
dentures.
ACTIVE ERUPTION - the emergence of the tooth from its position in
the jaw.
ADHESION - the sticking together of unlike substances
ADJUSTMENT - a modification made upon a dental prosthesis after it
has been completed and inserted into the mouth.
AEROBIC BACTERIA - bacteria which grow in oxygen rich environments;
in the oral cavity the bacteria are found outside the sulcus.
AFFERENT - nerves that carry sensory messages toward the brain.
AGAR - a gelatin like substance obtained from seaweed; used in impression
materials.
ALGINATE - an impression material used by dentists for making stone
models.
ALVEOLECTOMY - an operation where portions of the alveolar bone are
removed.
ALVEOLAR BONE - the bone surrounding the root of the tooth; loss
of this bone is typically associated with severe periodontal disease.
ALVEOLAR CREST - the highest portion of alveolar bone.
ALVEOLAR EMINENCE - outline of the root on the facet portion of the
bone.
ALVEOLAR PROCESS - the portion of the mandible or maxilla that surrounds
the root of a tooth.
ALVEOLUS - the bony socket in which the root of the tooth sits.
AMALGAM - or silver filling; an alloy in which one of the metals
is mercury. Below are the approximate percentages of the component elements:
ANAEROBIC BACTERIA
- bacteria that do not need oxygen to grow; they are generally
associated with periodontal disease.
ANODONTIA - the developmental absence of teeth.
ANTIBIOTIC - substance produced by or derived from bacteria
which is able to inhibit or kill other bacteria.
ANTIMICROBIAL - destroying or inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
ANATOMICAL CROWN - the portion of the tooth that is covered with
enamel.
ANTISCEPTIC - A chemical agent which can be applied to living tissues
to destroy germs.
ANESTHESIA - medication which relieves the sensation of pain.
ANNIVERSARY YEAR - begins on the day of the month that the patients'
insurance became effective.
ANOMALY - a deviation from the normal or expected outcome.
ANTAGONIST - a structure that opposes or counteracts another
structure.
ANTERIOR - situated in front of.
ANTERIOR TEETH - the front teeth (incisors and cupids).
ANUG - Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis. An acute, painful
condition characterized by severe gingival redness, spontaneous bleeding,
foul breath and pain.
APEX - the pointed extremity of a structure.
APICAL FORAMEN - the opening at the end of the root of a tooth through
which the tooth receives its nerve and blood supply.
APPOSITION - the laying down of, or addition of.
ARCH - a curvature; both the maxillary and mandibular ridge form
a horseshoe shaped arch.
ARTICULATING PAPER - carbon paper; placed between the upper
and lower teeth to mark contact.
ARTICULATOR - a mechanical device used to replicate functional movements
of the jaw to casts.
ASSIGNMENT OF BENEFITS - a clause in an insurance policy that
allows the insured person to direct the carrier's payment to the dentist.
ASPIRATOR - The
tube-like straw which the dentist place in your mouth for suction.
ASYMMETRY/ SYMMETRY - To be esthetic, tooth Size, shape and gum contour
should be as close to identical from one side of the mouth to the other.
Ideally, the incisal edges of your teeth should follow the contour of the
upper lip.
ATTACHMENT LEVEL - a numerical measure of the amount of attachment
of the periodontal ligament to a tooth; the number is generally determined
by combining a pocket depth measurement with a measurement of gingival
recession. Attachment level is considered one of the most important measures
of periodontal disease progress or treatment success
ATTRITION - the wearing away of tooth structure through normal use
(ie. chewing, biting, etc.).
AXON - the process that carries impulses away from the cell body
of a nerve.
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B
BACK TEETH - see POSTERIOR TEETH
BENEFIT YEAR - generally begins on the month of the year that
the employer purchased the plan.
BICUSPIDS - or having two cusps. The first and second bicuspids;
they are the fourth and fifth teeth from the center of the mouth, respectively.
These are the back teeth that are used for chewing.
BIFURCATION - having two branches, or dividing into two parts.
BILATERAL - both sides.
BIRTHDAY RULE - applies when a child is covered under both parent's
plans; the plan of the parent who's birthday (month and day, not year)
falls earlier in the calendar year is billed first (in cases of divorce
or separation, other factors pertain).
BITEWING - a single X-ray that shows the upper and lower teeth's
biting surfaces on the same film.
BLEACHING - cosmetic whitening of teeth using peroxide.
BOLUS - chewed up mass of food and saliva.
BONDING - the covering of a tooth surface to correct stained or damaged
teeth.
BRIDGE - a fixed appliance (prosthesis) that replaces missing teeth.
A bridge is a series of attached crowns (abutments and pontics).
BRUXISM - or the grinding of teeth, usually occurs during sleep.
BUCCAL - or pertaining to the cheek.
BUCCINATOR MUSCLE - the cheek muscle.
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C
CALENDAR YEAR - January 1st to December 31st.
CALCIFICATION - the process of hardening through the deposition
of lime salts.
CALCULUS - hard calcium like deposits which form on teeth and
dentures.
CANAL - the narrow chamber inside the root of a tooth that contains
nerve tissue and blood vessels.
CANINES - See CUSPIDS; so named because the correspond to the
long teeth of a dog.
CAPITATION PLAN - a plan whereby the dentist is contracted with the
administrator to provide dental services to persons covered under the program
in return for payment on a per-capita basis.
CARIOGENIC - or cancer-causing
CARIES - medical term for decay; caused by decalcification of the
enamel and disintegration of the dentin by acid producing bacteria.
CARIOGENIC - or decay-causing
CARRIER - the party (usually an insurance company) that pays
claims and collects premiums.
CARRYOVER - If the deductible was paid last year, the next year
(or quarter, Jan., Feb. and March) they do not have to pay the deductible
again.
CAST - reproduction of the mouth in stone or plaster.
CAVITY - see CARIES.
CEMENT - a dental material used to seal inlays, onlays, and
crowns; also used for pupal protection.
CEMENTUM - makes up the dull yellow outer surface of the roots.
CENTRIC OCCLUSION - the relationship of the occlusal surfaces of
one arch to those in the opposing arch at physical rest position.
CENTRIC RELATION - the relationship of the maxillary arch to the
mandibular arch when the condyle is in its most retracted position.
CERVICAL - pertaining to the neck of a tooth.
CERVIX - the neck of the tooth; the area where the crown joins the
root or the enamel joins the cementum.
CHEEK POUCH - the area of the mouth inside the cheek.
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC - an agent of a chemical nature which exerts an
antimicrobial effect.
CINGULUM - a raised area on the lingual surface of anterior teeth.
CLASP - the metal part of a partial denture and which helps
to retain, support, and stabilize the appliance.
CLEANING - See PROPHYLAXIS.
CLEFT PALATE - an opening in the palate.
CLINICAL CROWN - that portion of the tooth visible in the mouth,
extending from the occlusal or incisal edge to the crest of the free gingiva.
CLOSED PANEL - a plan where the covered patient only receives benefits
if the services are provided by a dentist contracted with the plan's
administrator.
COL - a "V-shaped depression in the facial-lingual interdental
papilla located cervically to the contact area of the tooth.
COMMUNITION - crushing or grinding to a powder.
COMPLETE SERIES - See FULL-MOUTH X-RAYS.
COMPOSITE FILLING - tooth-colored restorative material. The word
"composite" refers to the mixture of filler particles in a liquid resin.
Commonly, the resin used is BIS-GMA (bis-gammamethylmetacrylate). Filler
particles are added to alter the color and wear characteristics. Common
filler particles are silica, aluminum, zinc, tin, copper and iron.
CONCAVE - curving inward away from the viewer.
CONTACT AREA - that portion of the proximal surface of a tooth
that touches the adjacent tooth.
CONVEX - curving outward toward the viewer.
COSMETIC DENTISTRY - aesthetic improvement of the color and shape
of teeth performed by a general dentist.
CREST - a prominence or ridge.
CROSS CONTAMINATION - Passing disease indirectly from one patient
to another through the use of improper sterilization procedures.
CROWN - full coverage for a tooth (used when the tooth cannot be
restored by a filling).
CURETTAGE - the surgical scraping of bacteria from soft tissue. This
is a periodontal procedure and is usually performed one quadrant at a time.
CUSPID - the third tooth from the center of the mouth towards
the back, also known as canines.
CUSPS - elevated points on the chewing surfaces of back teeth
(posterior teeth).
CUSTOM TRAY - an individual tray; custom made to fit a patient's
mouth.
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D
DEBRIDEMENT - treatment of a bacterial infection by
removing irritants (bacteria, calculus) from the periodontal pocket
so as to allow healing of adjacent tissues.
DECALCIFICATION - The loss of calcium from your teeth, weakening
the teeth and making them more susceptible to decay
DECIDUOUS TEETH - baby teeth; teeth that exfoliate or shed.
see PRIMARY TEETH.
DEDUCTIBLE - the amount paid by the patient before the carrier begins
benefit payments.
DEGLUTITION - swallowing.
DEMINERALIZATION - loss of mineral from tooth enamel just below
the surface in a carious lesion; usually appearing as a white area on the
tooth surface.
DENDRITE - the process that conducts impulses toward the cell body
of a nerve.
DENTAL MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION (D.M.O.) - a legal entity that
accepts the responsibility of providing services at a fixed price.
DENTAL RESIN - a dental material applied to the tooth which
is used in cases of severe dentinal hypersensitivity; usually not used unless
all other treatment attempts have failed.
DENTAL VARNISH - a hypersensitivity treatment which sometimes contains
sodium fluoride; applied to the tooth surface, covering the outer surface
of dentin and thus blocking transmission of stimuli to the pulp.
DENTIN - the hard, yellowish tissue underlying the enamel and cementum;
it makes up the major bulk of the tooth.
DENTINAL TUBULES - microscopic canals that run from the outside of
the dentin to the nerve inside the tooth.
DENTITION - the natural teeth as a unit.
DENTURE - a removable appliance (prosthesis) that replaces missing
teeth in either the upper or lower jaw.
DESENSITIZATION - the blocking of painful stimuli which cause
dentinal hypersensitivity.
DESICCATE - to make dry; to remove all moisture.
DESQUAMATION - a peeling of gingival tissue; in cases of desquamative
gingivitis, the tissues may appear smooth and shiny, with patches
of bright red and gray. Surface tissue may peel away, exposing a raw, bleeding,
painful surface.
DEVELOPMENTAL DEPRESSION - a concavity in a surface that formed while
the tooth was developing.
DIAGNOSIS - the process of identifying the nature of a disorder.
DIAGNOSTIC - procedures performed by the dentist to identify
what's going on in the mouth.
DIASTEMA - a space between the teeth.
DILACERATION - an abnormal tooth that where both the crown and the
root are twisted.
DIPHYODONT - having two successive sets of teeth.
DIRECT CONTAMINATION - Direct contact with impurities or germs.
DISINFECTION - A cleaning process which destroys the majority of
microorganism, but not highly resistant forms such as bacterial and mycotic
spores.
DISINFECTANT - A chemical agent which is applied onto inanimate surfaces
to destroy germs.
DISPOSABLE MATERIALS - materials intended for one-use and discarded.
(e.g.: Gloves, paper gowns, cotton rolls, etc.)
DISTAL - the surface of the tooth farthest from the midline of
the dental arch.
DIVERGENT - spread.
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E
EDEMA - swelling resulting from fluid accumulation
in gingival tissues.
EDENTULOUS - having no teeth.
EFFERENT - the nerves that carry motor messages away from the
brain.
EMBRASURE - the space between two teeth created by the sloping
away of the mesial and distal surfaces.
EMINENCE - a prominence.
EMPRESS - Type of porcelain crown and porcelain veneer/laminate.
The advantage Empress is that it blends very nicely with the surrounding
teeth; it is very esthetic.
ENAMEL - the hard, white shiny surface of the crown; composed
of 95% calcium hydroxyapatite.
ENDODONTICS (ENDO) - the treatment of diseases or injuries that affect
the root tip or nerve of the tooth.
EROSION - The dissolution of tooth structure due to the presence
of gastric juices or citrus. Erosion seldom occurs alone; it is often accompanied
by attrition or abrasion (or both) to varying degrees. Acidic foods, such
as citrus fruits and juices should be avoid in patients with signs of erosion.
ERUPTION - the moving of the tooth occlusally.
EXCLUSION - services not covered by a dental plan.
EXFOLIATE - to shed.
EXPLORER - a probe used to detect cavity growth.
EXTERNAL - on the outer surface.
EXTRACTION - the removal of teeth.
EXTRAORAL - Outside
the mouth.
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F
FACIAL - the surface next to the face; the outer
surface of a tooth resting against the cheeks or lips.
FEE SCHEDULE - a set amount paid by the insurance company regardless
of the doctor's fee.
FILTRUM - the dimple or indentation under the nose directly above
the upper lip.
FISSURE - cleft-like grooves in the chewing surface of the back teeth.
FISTULA - an abnormal passage formed in the gum tissue through which
an abscessed tooth drains.
FLUORIDE - topical application of a gel or liquid that prevents
decay.
FLUOROSIS - discoloration of the enamel due to excessive fluoride
absorption (greater than one 1 part per million) into the bloodstream, also
called enamel mottling.
FORAMEN - an opening in bone.
FORNEX - vault or arch shaped.
FOSSA - a shallow depression on the lingual (tongue) surfaces
of some front teeth.
FREE GINGIVA - the marginal part of the gingival (gums) that can
be deflected from the tooth surface; it forms a collar around the tooth.
FRENUM - a fold of mucous membrane that connects two parts.
FRONT TEETH - See ANTERIOR TEETH.
FULL MOUTH X-RAYS - X-rays showing all the teeth. Includes 14 periapicals
and 4 bitewings, also known as a complete series.
FURCATION - an area where the root divides.
FURROW - a groove.
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G
GALVANIC CURRENT - a current of electricity produced
by chemical action between two metals suspended in liquid.
GENDER RULE - when a child is covered under both parent's plans,
the father's plan is billed first (in cases of divorce or separation other
factors must be considered).
GENERAL ANESTHESIA - relieves the sensation of pain.
GENERAL DENTIST - primary care provider for patients in all age groups.
GERIATRIC DENTIST - general dentist who primarily treats senior
citizens.
GINGIVA - the soft tissue surrounding teeth, also known as the gums.
GINGIVAL CREST - the prominent edge of occlusal or incisal
gingiva.
GINGIVAL HYPERTROPHY - The abnormal enlargement of the gingiva surrounding
the teeth caused by poor oral hygiene or the use of certain medications.
GINGIVECTOMY - the removal of soft tissue surrounding the tooth;
typically used in the treatment of periodontal disease.
GINGIVITIS - inflamed and swollen gum tissue most commonly caused
by plaque. If left untreated, may lead to periodontitis.
GOLDON PROPORTION - The guidelines which dentists use in determining
the most esthetic appearance of a particular tooth (teeth need to maintain
a certain height to width ratio to look their best.)
GROOVE - a long, narrow depression.
GUTTA PERCHA - material used in the filling of root canals.
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H
HANDPIECE - the instrument used to hold and revolve burs in dental operations.
HEAT-STERILIZING - Use of an autoclave or dry-heat sterilizer to
kill all potential disease-causing agents that remain following patient
treatment. Any instruments that is not heat stable and cannot tolerate high
temperatures should be thoroughly cleaned and soaked in disinfectant chemicals.
HETERODONT - different types of teeth within the same dentition (ie.
incisors, canines, molars).
HISTO-DIFFERENTIATION - development into a specialized tissue.
HISTOLOGY - the study of tissues.
HOMODONT - the presence of only one type of tooth in the dentition.
HYPERPLASIA - over-growth of a part; an increase in the number
of cells.
HYPERSENSITIVITY - a sharp, sudden painful reaction in teeth
when exposed to hot, cold, chemical, mechanical or osmotic (sweet
or salt) stimuli.
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I
IDEAL OCCLUSION - a complete harmonious relationship
of the teeth and masticatory system.
IMMEDIATE DENTURE - a complete or partial denture made before the
natural teeth are extracted.
IMPACTION - an unerupted or partially erupted tooth that will not
fully erupt into the mouth because of an obstruction.
IMPLANT - a post that is implanted into bone. A crown, bridge,
or denture is then placed over the implant to restore function and
esthetics.
IMPRESSION TRAY - formed in the general shape of the mouth, used
for taking impressions.
INCENTIVE PROGRAM - a dental plan where the percentage of benefits
increase each year as the patient receives regular, annual dental
care (preventive treatment). If the patient fails to go to the dentist each
year, the percentage drops back to where it started.
INCISORS - the central and lateral incisors; the first and
second teeth from the midline of the mouth.
INLAY - a gold, porcelain, or composite custom-made filling
cemented into the tooth. If it covers the tips of the teeth, it is
called an onlay.
INCISAL EDGE - the cutting edge, ridge, or surface of anterior teeth.
INSERTION - the movable end of a muscle.
INTERCUSPATION - interlocking; a cusp-to-fossa relationship of
the maxillary to mandibular teeth.
INTERPROXIMAL - the space between two adjacent surfaces.
IINTRAORAL - Inside
your mouth.
INVAGINATION - to enclose within.
INVISALIGN - The system is a way to move teeth without the use of
conventional brackets and archwires. Basically, a series of clear plastic
trays are computer fabricated with each tray gradually shifting the teeth
into proper alignment. The system works best for minor tooth movements.
IONTOPHOR - the process of introducing a drug through the dental
enamel by use of an electrical current; often used in the treatment of dentin
hypersensitivity.
IRRIGATION - the technique of using a solution to wash out your mouth.
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J
JAW - a common name for the maxilla or mandible.
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K
No terms Available
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L
LABIAL - relating to the lip; another name
for the facial surface of anterior teeth (next to the lip).
LAMINATE VENEER - a porcelain, or composite covering which is bonded
to restore discolored, or damaged teeth.
LATERA L - to the side.
LEAST COST ALTERNATIVE - an insurance policy clause that allows
the insuring company to pay for the least expensive treatment.
LESION - any wound or local degeneration.
LINGUAL - the surface of a tooth nearest the tongue; relating to
the tongue.
LOBE - center of tooth formation.
LOCAL ANESTHESIA - relieves the sensation of pain in a localized
area.
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M
MALOCCLUSION - any deviation from the ideal positioning of the teeth
or jaws.
MAMELON - small elevations of enamel present on the incisors as
they erupt.
MANAGED CARE PLANS - plans that restrict the type, level, and
frequency of treatment; these plans limit access to care and control the
level of service reimbursement (ie. DMO's, Capitation plans, and Closed
Panel plans).
MANDIBLE - the lower jaw.
MARYLAND BRIDGE -
A type of Bonded Bridge. Its main difference from conventional bridges
is in the reduced amount of abutment preparation necessary. Only the lingual
surfaces of the abutments are reduced.
MASTICATION - chewing.
MASTICATORY SYSTEM - the teeth and surrounding structures:
jaws, temporomandibular joint, muscles, lips, and tongue.
MAXILLAE - the upper jaw.
MEDIAL - relating to the middle or medial plane.
MENTAL - relating to the chin.
MERCURY - a metal, component of amalgam fillings.
MESIAL - is the surface of the tooth nearest the midline of the dental
arch.
MICRO ABRASION - a drill-free technique using an instrument
resembling a tiny sand blaster that delivers tiny aluminum oxide particles
to the surface of teeth.
MIDLINE - imaginary line through the middle of an object which divides
it into two equal parts.
MIXED DENTITION-
The developmental stage when both deciduous and permanent teeth are present.
MOLAR - the first,
second and third molars; these are the sixth, seventh and eighth teeth from
the center of the mouth, respectively.
MOUTHGUARD - a soft-fitted device which protects teeth against
impact or injury.
MUCOSA - the thin, outer pink or red membrane lining the inside of
the oral cavity.
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N
NASAL - relating to the nose.
NEURON - a nerve cell.
NEOPLASM - a proliferation of cells interfering with surrounding
tissues; refers to cancer.
NICOTINE PATCHES - typically worn
for 24 hours over several weeks, supplying a steady flow of nicotine. The
main brands include: Habitrol, Nicoderm, Nicotrol and Prostep. Over the
course of treatment the amount of nicotine in the patch gradually
decreases. Studies have shown that this method has approximately a 25 %
success rate.
NIGHTGUARD - a removable acrylic appliance to minimize
the effects of grinding (bruxism) and TMJ associated problems.
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O
OBLIQUE RIDGE - a linear elevation that transverses
a surface.
OCCLUDE - to bring together.
OCCLUSAL - relating to the biting surface of teeth.
OCCLUSAL EQUILIBRATION - process of refining and perfecting
the occlusion.
OCCLUSAL GUARD - see NIGHTGUARD.
OCCLUSAL PLANE - The imaginary surface on which upper and lower teeth
meet.
OCCLUSAL TRAUMA
- results from excessive force placed on a normal dentition, i.e.
grinding and clenching of teeth. If left uncontrolled, occlusal trauma may
result in rapid attachment loss and bone destruction.
OCCLUSION - the relationship of the teeth in a closed position in
both the maxillary and mandibular arch.
ONLAY - A laboratory processed restoration made of metal, porcelain
or acrylic that replaces one or more of cusps of a tooth.
OPAQUING - covering the metal work of a prosthesis with a material
so that it doesn't show through.
OPEN BITE - increased distance between the two arches; space between
the front upper and lower teeth when the back teeth are touching.
ORAL CAVITY - the mouth.
ORAL SURGERY (O.S.) - surgery of the mouth.
ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGEON - treats and surgically corrects diseases,
injuries and defects of the mouth and jaws.
ORAL PATHOLOGIST - examines oral tissues for evidence of suspected
abnormalities such as cancer.
ORIGIN - the fixed end of a muscle.
ORTHODONTICS - a branch of dentistry dealing with irregularities
of the teeth and their correction.
ORTHODONTIST - designs and applies corrective and supportive
appliances, braces, to realign crooked teeth.
OSTEOBLASTS - Cells
which aid in the growth and development of teeth and bones.
OSTEOCLASTS - Cells
which help remodel bone.
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P
P.A. - see PERIAPICAL.
PALATE - roof of the mouth.
PALATAL SURFACE - the surface of the maxillary teeth nearest
the palate.
PALMER’S NOTATION-
An identification system for teeth; widely used to designate individual
teeth amongst orthodontists.
PANOREX - a single,
large x-ray taken outside of the mouth that shows all the teeth on
one film.
PARTIAL DENTURE - a removable appliance that replaces some
of the teeth in either the upper or lower jaw.
PASSIVE ERUPTION - describes the process by which teeth continue
to erupt into the mouth as tooth structure is lost to attrition and wear.
PATHOGENS - Disease
producing organism
PATHOLOGY - The
study of abnormal (diseased) tissue conditions.
PEDODONTICS (PEDO)
- the treatment of children's teeth.
PELLICLE - the first step in plaque formation; a clear, thin
covering containing proteins and lipids (fats) found in saliva. It is formed
within seconds after a tooth surface is cleaned.
PERIAPICAL - an x-ray that shows the whole tooth, also known as a
single film or P.A.
PERIAPICAL ABSCESS - infection of the pulp of the tooth and tissues
surrounding the base of the tooth.
PERICORONITIS - infection of the tissue overlying a partially
erupted tooth. Treatment involves keeping this tissue clean and free of
bacteria.
PERIODONTAL CHARTING - measures the pocket depth resulting from attachment
loss between the gums and teeth.
PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT - the fibers which suspend the tooth in the
bony socket; it is attached at one end to the cementum, and at the
other end to the alveolar bone of the socket.
PERIODONTAL MAINTENANCE - cleaning of the teeth following periodontal
treatment, includes perio charting.
PERIODONTAL POCKET - the pocket that forms when the gums lose attachment
from the teeth.
PERIODONTAL PROBE - a dental instrument used to measure pocket depth.
PERIODONTAL PROPHY - see Periodontal Maintenance.
PERIODONTAL RECALL - see Periodontal Maintenance.
PERIODONTICS (PERIO) - the treatment of diseases of the gum.
PERIODONTIST - diagnoses and treats diseases of the tissues supporting
and surrounding the teeth, especially periodontal, gum, disease
PERIODONTITIS - a form of periodontal disease affecting adults
resulting in destruction of alveolar bone.
PERIODONTIUM - the structures that surround and support the
teeth.
PERMANENT DENTITION - see PERMANENT TEETH.
PERMANENT TEETH - the teeth that replace the deciduous or primary
teeth.
PHONETICS - production of sounds.
PIT - a pinpoint depression in the occlusal surface od a tooth.
PLAQUE - a sticky film that accumulated on teeth.
PLASTER OF PARIS - gypsum, used to make models of teeth.
POLISHING - a dental procedure that removes stain, plaque and
acquired pellicle by using an abrasive polishing paste in a rubber cup attached
to a slow-speed handpiece.
POLYPHYODONT - possessing several sets of teeth during a lifespan.
PONTIC - the component of a bridge that replaces the missing
teeth.
PORCELAIN - a tooth-colored sand like material; much like enamel
in appearance.
PORCELAIN VENEER - ultra-thin shells of ceramic material bonded to
the front of the tooth.
POSTERIOR TEETH - the back teeth (Bicuspids and molars).
POSTPALATAL SEAL - an elevation of material on the back (tissue side)
of a denture; for the purpose of sealing the denture.
PPO - see PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATION.
PREDETERMINATION - the doctor notifies the insurance company
beforehand of the intended treatment and the insurance company estimates
the benefits that will be paid.Â
PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATION (PPO) - A plan where the patient
can go to any dentist they choose, or they can choose a preferred dentist
and receive discounted fees. These plans are listed on our system
as Preferred and Non Preferred.
PREMOLARS - two-cusped teeth immediately in front of molars.
PREVENTIVE - a procedure performed to aid in preventing decay
and/ or gum disease.
PRIMARY PLAN - when a patient is covered by two insurance plans,
the plan that is billed first is the primary plan.
PRIMARY TEETH - the baby teeth, also known as the primary dentition.
PRIMATE SPACING - the normal spacing between primary anterior teeth.
PROCERA - Procera is a type of Porcelain Crown. They are one
of the strongest all-porcelain crowns available. Procera’s framework is
computer generated; porcelain is then added to the structure.
PROPHY - see PROPHYLAXIS.
PROPHYLAXIS - a general meaning to clean the teeth, also known as
a prophy.
PROSTHETICS - a fixed or removable appliance used to replace missing
teeth (ie. bridges, partials, and dentures).
PROSTHODONTIST - constructs artificial appliances designed to restore
and maintain oral function by replacing missing teeth and other oral structures
such as dentures
PROXIMAL - nearest the point of attachment; the mesial or distal
surface of the tooth.
PROXIMAL SURFACE - the surface of the tooth adjacent to the next
tooth; refers to the mesial and distal surfaces.
PUBLIC HEALTH DENTIST - concerned with the dental health needs
of entire communities, and can design and administer large-scale prevention
and dental care programs by compiling and analyzing statistics
PULP CANAL - the portion of the pulp in the root.
PULP CHAMBER - the portion of the pulp in the crown of the
tooth.
PULP HORN - the portion of the pulp chamber that extends towards
the cusp.
PULP TISSUE - the soft (not calcified) tissue in the pulp chamber;
composed of blood vessels and nerves.
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Q
QUADRANT - denotes one of four equal sections
in the mouth. The upper right, upper left, lower right or the lower left.
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R
RADIOGRAPHIC - referring to x-rays.
RADIOSURGERY - surgical technique that uses radio waves to
produce a pressureless, bloodless incision.
RAPHE - a union of soft tissue.
RCT - see ROOT CANAL THERAPY.
REBASE - process where only the tissue surface of a denture is
replaced by new material.
RELATIVE VALUE SCHEDULE (RVS) - procedures are given a point
value based upon their degree of difficulty. Each procedure is also assigned
a given a dollar amount. The dollar amount is then multiplied by the
point value to determine what the insurance company will pay.
RESIN FILLING - see COMPOSITE FILLING.
RESORB - to dissolve into the tissue.
RESTORATIONS - any replacement for lost tooth structure or teeth
(ie. bridges, fillings, crowns and implants).
RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY - process of restoring missing, damaged or
diseased teeth to normal form and function.
RETAINER - a removable appliance used to maintain teeth in
a given position (usually worn at night).
RIDGE - a linear elevation.
ROOT CANAL THERAPY (RCT) - procedure used to save an abscessed tooth
in which the pulp chamber is cleaned out, disinfected, and filled
with a permanent filling.
ROOT PLANING - the removal of hard deposits from the root surface
below the gumline.
ROOT TRUNK - that portion of the root that is not bifurcated or trifurcated.
RUGAE - elevated folds or wrinkles of soft tissue in the front part
of the palate.
RVS - see RELATIVE VALUE SCHEDULE.
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S
SAGITTAL PLANE - An imaginary longitudinal vertical
plane that divides the mouth into two halves (left and right.)
SCALING - scraping of the tooth above the gums.
SEALANTS - the application of a clear resin over the biting
surfaces of teeth to prevent decay.
SECONDARY PLAN - when a patient is insured by two plans, the plan
that is billed second is the secondary plan.
SIGNATURE ON FILE - the insured person signs a form stating
that the payments made by the carrier go to the dentist. This form expires
1 year from the date it is signed.
SINGLE FILM - see PERIAPICAL.
SLOUGHING - a condition in which the gingival tissue deadens
and peels away from the living tissue.
SOCKET - a cavity in the bone, see ALVEOLUS.
SOFT PALATE - the back 1/3 of the roof of the mouth composed of
soft tissue.
SOMATIC - nerves that supply muscles.
SONICARE - electric toothbrush. Vibrates at over 31,000 brush strokes
per minute. Most models offer a 3 - minute timer to let you know when
you’re done.
SPACE MAINTAINERr - A dental appliance used to maintain space in
the mouth.
SPILLWAY - see EMBRASURE.
STAIN, EXTRINSIC - stain located on the outside of the tooth
surface originating from external substances such as tobacco, coffee, tea
or food; usually removed by polishing the teeth with an abrasive prophylaxis
paste.
STAIN, INTRINSIC - stain originating from the ingestion of
certain materials or chemical substances during tooth development, or from
the presence of caries. This stain is permanent and cannot be removed.
SUBMUCOSA - the layer of tissue under the mucous membrane.
SUCCEDANEOUS - a tooth that replaces or succeeds another.
SULCUS - a broad depression on the chewing surfaces of your
back teeth.
SUPERGINGIVAL - the area above the gingival margin.
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH - Extra teeth, in addition to the development
of the normal 32.
SURGICAL TEMPLATE - a clear tray used in immediate denture fabrication.
SUTURE - a joining of two bones, also stitxhes.
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T
TARTAR - see CALCULUS.
TEETHING - baby teeth pushing through gums.
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) - temporo (temporal bone), mandibular
(lower jaw). This is the connecting hinge between the lower jaw and
base of the skull. Also known as T.M.J.. T.M.J. treatment is sometimes paid
under medical.
TERMINAL MESIAL STEP - the position of a vertical plane along the
distal surfaces when the deciduous second molars are in Class I position.
TERMINAL PLANE - the distal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular
deciduous second molars that are on the same line or plane.
THIRD MOLAR - see WISDOM TOOTH.
TMD - temporomandibular disorder; a problem with the joint
that connects the lower jaw with the skull. Typically associated with
a pop and pain in the joint.
TOPICAL - applied directly to an infected area for treatment.
TRANSVERSE RIDGE - a linear elevation that crosses a surface
(usually the occlusal surface).
TRIANGULAR RIDGE - a linear elevation that forms a triangle.
TRIFURCATION - forked or divided into three parts.
TUBERCLE - a small, rounded projection.
TUBEROSITY - a large, rounded projection.
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U
ULTRASONIC - the conversion of high frequency electrical
current into mechanical vibrations.
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS - These precautions require all dental staff
involved in patient care to use appropriate protective wear, such as gloves,
masks and eyewear. After each patient visit, the gloves must be discarded,
hands washed and a new pair of gloves donned for the next patient. These
precautions are considered universal because they are used for each and
every patient to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases.
USUAL, CUSTOMARY AND REASONABLE (UCR) - the doctor's fee is considered
usual, customary, and reasonable if it meets the following requirements:
1. Usual: the doctor's usual fee is charged; 2. Customary: if the doctor's
fee falls in the same range as other dentists in the area; 3. Reasonable:
the doctor's modified fee is justified because of special circumstances.
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V
VENTRAL - the underside, used when speaking of
the tongue; thus the ventral surface of the tongue is the underside
of the tongue.
VERMILION - red.
VIRGIN TEETH - teeth that are free from decay or restorations.
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W
WAIVER OF DEDUCTIBLE - under some policies certain
procedures are excluded from the deductible.
WISDOM TOOTH - the third molar; the eighth tooth from the center
of mouth.
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X
XEROSTOMIA - dryness of the mouth.
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Y
No Terms Available
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Z
No Terms Available
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