◎ 十項技巧


吳宏文 - 05/13/99 15:09:38
題目: 十項技巧
傘型: Airwave is my way!!

Comments:
摘譯自越野飛行雜誌!!相當不錯的內容!!不論是初學者或是高手都多有助益!!原為at3譯的世界滑翔翼冠軍訪問的總結!!多看兩次絕對受益菲淺!!譯的不好還請見諒!!

1.你的飛行精神方面是對正確飛行非常重要!!
2.建立正確與直覺性的判斷去處理所有資訊!!甚至高於邏輯與線性的思考方式!!
3.頂尖高手的飛行特質是有著較他人較快的決定判斷!!也由於他們有更為敏銳的觀察力及評估能力!!幫助他們作出判斷!!
4.穩定而持續的飛行!!過度的衝勁可能導致無法鬆弛精神使得飛行狀況大起大落!!
5.飛行員需要學習更多的氣象!!越野飛行中你將會遇到各種不同的狀況!!
6.承擔風險!!你可能要承受短暫的亂流後才能利用到氣流穩定的一端!!但不隨機應變的心態將導致意外或挫折!!
7.飛行員應該能夠敏銳的感覺體驗周遭的狀況去得到想像的大氣"影像"在你的腦袋��!!
8.學習追隨氣流感受它的變化!!在同一天同高度時去推測是否會有相似的變化!!
9.飛行員應該持續學習去預估下一個可能的氣流的變化及較佳的路線!!
10.記住所有的飛行是為了追求樂趣!!保持正確的態度使你的每次飛行都是快樂的回憶!!

◎ 何謂雷雨


雷雨在氣像學上稱為'雷爆'﹐是由積雨雲發展出來的一種天氣現像﹐所以積雨雲又稱雷雨雲﹐雷聲與閃電為其特徵﹐然亦有閃電和雷聲而不下雨者稱乾雷爆。

雷雨形成之原因

  • 有利於形成雷雨雲的條件有下面數種。
  • 地面因日射而增暖。
  • 高空因輻射而冷卻。
  • 地面有暖空氣之流入。
  • 高空有冷空氣之流入。
  • 氣流水平輻合而抬舉。
  • 氣流遇地形而抬舉。
  • 賽嘉為全臺灣雷雨密集之地﹐此地天候地理條件正符合上述各點﹐四月至九月期間因為季節交替大氣較不穩定﹐南方低壓導入濕暖的西南氣流﹐而北方冷高壓勢力依然存在﹐倆方勢力交界處形成不穩定氣候﹐加上強列日照與地型抬升﹐雷雨於是產生。

    雷雨雲形成前兆

    雷雨自雷雨雲形成到下雨發展十分迅速﹐約莫20至30分鐘﹐但其依然有預兆可循。

  • 風速漸增且無轉弱跡像
  • 天空有雲形成而且逐漸變大
  • 天空佈滿雲且雲底程黑色內凹
  • 上昇速率變強大於6 m/sec
  • 天色變暗
  • 遠處以有下雨打雷現像
  • 遇雷雨雲處置方式。

    當發覺雷雨雲產生應儘速降落﹐並注意雷擊﹐當雷雨雲形成時會將飛行器帶至高空五千公尺以上﹐此時人員會因缺氧與寒冷(每一千公尺下降六度)造成休剋而死亡且其形成快速常令初學者無法處置。

    當被雷雨雲的強大上生升氣流吸住時可採取B stall以消耗高度儘速著陸。當已被吸入雲層之中﹐高度快速上升時﹐飛行員要有體認此時為生死關頭﹐在超過三千公尺就有可能因低溫與高度快速變化產生昏睡﹐無法做任何處置﹐進入雲層後應朝向明亮方向飛行﹐並? 用B stall與Full stall快速脫離雲層﹐就算氣流很亂也要趕快做失速以消耗高度。

    任何一種失速都有危險性除非如上敘述生死關頭應立刻使用否則應避免。

    stall:將雙邊B組帶同時拉下至傘具開始下降﹐回復時將B組帶同時放掉。


    在空中可望著著陸不如在地上渴望飛行

    ◎ 反手起飛注意事項及技巧? 皮爾 鮑吉勒克斯


    反手起飛:專業程序或作秀,皮爾 鮑吉勒克斯帶我們回到基本並描述反手起飛時使飛行傘充氣最有效率的方法。

    反手起飛:每個人都談論的話題,很多人試過,但很少人不厭其煩學習正確方法,以至於在起飛時造成許多意外。這是很可惜的,只要正確運用這個方法,一定可以在某些氣流狀況下提升效率及安全性。就如在某些案例中,反向充氣及控制是很有用的,起飛而不轉回身價保持面向傘),就如馬戲團的動作伴隨著明顯的危險,絕無趣味或好處。

    反手起飛以不放煞車而完成整個過程(從充氣到起飛)時的確有用。事實上,放鬆煞車環,無論多輕微,意味著可能有某一刻你無法反應,一旦有陣風,將使你陷入危險,一不小心失去平衡,你雈i能就鬆手煞車環…,那麼,依莫菲定律,繩索會纏住,在剛起飛剎那,引發更多鬆弛,碰!。

    這項已試驗及測試過的技巧在某些地型及氣流狀況下有決定性的好處,更有力且更能抵抗風,有較佳的視覺控制,較易充氣,繩索較少纏繞雜物的危機等。另一方面,反手起飛在無風或風非常弱時卻完全無用。

    要怎麼做呢? (1)如往常攤開你的傘,穿上吊袋但不抓住煞車環。轉身面對傘,每次都以同方向轉是很重要的,這樣你會很自然,減少因轉錯方向而纏住的危險。當你轉身時,高舉傘繩以免勾到吊袋。(2)走近傘,組帶鬆垂,扣環向前傾斜,確認沒有纏繞。(3)以最簡單的方式抓住煞車環:右手抓右環,左手抓左環。 (4)退回幾步直到傘繩稍緊(組帶交錯),抓住前組帶,不可放掉煞車環,手臂不交叉,也就是說,從你右手前組帶延伸至你右側(朝傘的左半部),從你左手前組帶延蠾雱A左側(朝傘的右半部),你瞭解嗎? (5)當你認為風可以了,果斷地充氣,手肘彎曲著退後兩步。充氣太軟可能造成稍後傘的不平衡,如果傘傾斜,立刻停止拉傘,並煞車使傘回到地面,準備再試一次。準備動作應確保下次充氣沒有勾到。(6)放掉前組帶,如果需要,控制一下,且以最初反向轉身(如果最初逆時針轉身的,則順時針轉回),然後依傳統方式起飛。

    經過一些訓練,你就可以在轉身過程持續控制傘,在開始時最好做快一點,如果傘在轉身過程或剛轉過身時失去平衡,不要想第二次轉回去面對傘,如果發生了,煞車,平均地拉回傘,再來一次。現在由你決定找些時間試一兩次充氣練習,這個動作唯一的困難是煞車環的連動是反向,因為你面對傘。你只要多練習幾次就沒問題了,很快你的動會很精確,你會體驗掌控傘的愉悅,這時你也會安全多了。盡量練習到你能敏感反應。如果你一直無法掌握要訣,別擔心,這沒那麼重要 !如果不幸真的這樣,專心在傳統技巧上努力,且在強風或陣風時小心點兒就是了 。

    ◎ Reverse Launching remarks and technique? Pierre Boujiloux


    Reverse launching: professional procedure or showing off. Pierre Boullloux takes us back to basics and describes the most efficient way of inflating in the reverse launch position.

    Reverse launch: everyone talks about it, many try it but very few go to the trouble of learning how to do it correctly causing quite a lot of incidents during takeoff. This is a shame for a method which, if properly applied, definitely improves efficie cy and safety in certain wind conditions.

    As much as inflating and controlling in the reverse position is useful in certain cases, taking off without turning back round (staying facing the canopy) is more like a circus act with the obvious risks that it entails, and isn't of the slighte t interest or advantage.

    Reverse launch is only really worthwhile if the whole of the manoeuvre (from inflation to takeoff) is carried out without letting go of the brakes. In fact letting go of the controls, no matter how briefly, means there'll be a moment when you won 't be able to react, thus endangering you in case of a sudden gust of wind. Taken unaware and off-balance you might not be able to get hold of the controls... which, according to Murphy's law, will have become tangled in the lines, bringing about a new re ease in the first moments of flying. Chillug!

    This tried and tested technique, has decisive advantages in certain terrain and wind conditions: more power and ease to resist the wind, better visual control, easier pre-inflation, less risk of lines catching on twigs etc. On the other hand, th reverse launch in nil or very light wind is totally useless.

    How's it done? (1)Spread out your canopy as usual and put your harness on without getting hold of the controls. Then turn round to face the canopy. It's important to always turn in the same direction since in this way it becomes automatic, eliminating any risk of twi t should you turn the wrong way. When you do your U-turn to face your canopy, lift the lines up high so they don't get caught on the harness.? (2)Move closer to the canopy. The risers hang down loosely with the carabiners bent forward. Make sure that there are no twists.? (3)Grasp the controls in the simplest way: right hand, right control; left hand, left control.(4)Move backwards a few steps until the lines become slightly taut (the risers crossed). Grasp the front risers, without letting go of the controls and without crossing your arms. This means: in your right hand, the front riser going to your right (tow rds the left half of the wing), in your left hand the front riser going to your left (to the right half of the wing). Are you with me? (5)As soon as the wind seems OK to you, inflate decisively, taking two steps backwards with your elbows bent. Too soft an inflation may bring about lateral imbalance of the canopy. If the canopy goes up askew, stop pulling straight away and brake to br ng it back down on the ground arid ready for another try. Pre--inflation of the canopy should ensure that the next inflation will go without a hitch.? (6)Let go of the front risers, controlling if need be and turn back round the other way than at the start (clockwise this time if you turned anti-clockwise at the beginning) and then take off in the classic way.?  

    With some training you can manage to continue controlling the wing during the U-turn. In the beginning it's best to do it quickly. If the wing becomes unbalanced during or just after the turn round, don't think twice about turning back round to ace the canopy again. If this happens brake to bring the canopy back down symmetrically to the ground again before starting again.?  ?

    It's up to you now to find some time for one or two inflation sessions. The only difficulty stems from the fact that the control reflexes are reversed due to the fact that you're facing the canopy. A bit of training is all that's needed. Quickly your actions will become precise and you'll experience the pleasurable feeling of mastering your canopy. You'll be a lot safer then as well. Practice as much as you can to sharpen your reflexes. And if you can't get the hang of it, don't worry it's not th t important! If that's the case, concentrate on your conventional technique and watch out in strong or erratic winds.?