Revision Exercise 2 - Multiple Choice Questions
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Map Reading ____________________________________________________________________________________
ALL MAP READING QUESTIONS BELOW ASSUME THE USE OF LOCAL 1 : 20 000 COLOUR MAP HM20C. 1 A fire station is NW of a police station in grid square 2004. The fire station is probably in grid square A 1903 B 1905 C 2103 D 2105 ANSWER 2 A river is 13.2 cm on the map. Its actual length is A 264 m B 660 m C 2.64 km D 66 m ANSWER 3 A student at 123456 walked towards the north for 25 km. He is now at A 123506 B 123481 C 173456 D 148456 ANSWER 4 If the vertical scale of a cross-section is 1 cm to 50 m, A The vertical exaggeration is 0.5 time. B The vertical exaggeration is 1 time. C The vertical exaggeration is 2 times. D The vertical exaggeration is 4 times. ANSWER 5 On a map, a clinic is found at 543210. (1) The clinic is between eastings 54 and 55. (2) The clinic is between eastings 21 and 22 (3) The clinic is found in grid square 5421 A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER 6 On a map, a hospital is 10 cm west of a clinic at 543210. Its grid reference is A 543190 B 543230 C 523210 D 563210 ANSWER 7 The direction from 100200 to 090180 in angular bearing is A 27 B N 27 E C 207 D S 27 W ANSWER 8 The direction of 100200 from 090180 in compass bearing is A 27 B N 27 E C 207 D S 27 W ANSWER 9 The gradient of a slope from trigonometrical station 310 at 456123 to the beach at 446133 is A 1 in 0.22 B 1 in 4.56 C 1 in 0.44 D 1 in 2.28 ANSWER 10 The vertical exaggeration of a cross-section is 2 times. (1) The horizontal scale is 1 cm to 100 m. (2) The horizontal scale is 1 cm to 200 m. (3) The vertical scale is 1 cm to 100 m. (4) The vertical scale is 1 cm to 200 m. A (1) and (3) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 11 Which of the following is correct? (1) A pass is a passageway through a mountain barrier. (2) A gap is a passageway through a mountain barrier. (3) A pass may be a gap or a col. (4) A gap may be a pass or a col. A (1) and (3) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 12 Which of the following is correct? (1) A range is a long and narrow mountain (2) A ridge is a long and narrow mountain (3) A ridge is along the top of a range. (4) A range is along the top of a ridge. A (1) and (3) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 13 You are asked to find the area of a country park. The country park is very big so you do not draw 1 cm x 1 cm squares. Number of complete grid squares = 12 Number of incomplete grid squares = 10 The area of the country park is A 17 000 sq m B 22 000 sq m C 17 sq km D 22 sq km ANSWER 14 You are asked to find the area of a farm. You draw 1 cm x 1 cm squares. Number of complete squares = 12 Number of incomplete squares = 20 The area of the farm is A 0.88 sq km B 220 000 sq m C 88 000 sq m D 22 sq km ANSWER 15 You are asked to find the gradient of a slope from trigonometrical station 652 at 789456 to spot height 325 at 849456. (1) The vertical difference is 327 m (2) The horizontal distance is 1200 m (3) The gradient 1 in 3.67 A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER
Part 1 + Part 7 Climate + Climatic Anomalies __________________________________________________________
16 A line on a weather map joining places of equal temperature is an
A Isobar
B Isohyet
C Isohel
D Isotherm
ANSWER
17 Air usually flows from a
A low pressure area to a high pressure area
B high pressure area to a low pressure area
C cold area to a warm area
D warm area to cold area
ANSWER
18 Coriolis force is the result of
A Circulation of air
B The rotation of the earth
C Gravity
D Temperature difference
ANSWER
19 Describe the climate under which a tropical rainforest ecosystem develops.
(1) annual rainfall not less than 2000 mm
(2) no dry season
(3) annual range of temperature is 10 C
(4) average temperature of over 27 C
A (2) and (3) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (1), (2) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
20 During the winter monsoons in East Asia, the prevailing winds blow from
A the southwest towards a low pressure area over the landmass
B the northeast away from a high pressure area over the landmass of Asia
C the northeast towards a low pressure area over the landmass of Asia
D from the southwest away from a high pressure area over the landmass of Asia
ANSWER
21 Greenhouse gases can keep the earth warm by
A absorbing solar radiation
B increasing condensation
C reflecting solar radiation
D blocking long wave radiation from emitting back into the space
ANSWER
22 How is the climate in an inland location different from that in a coastal location along 40¢XN?
(1) Higher pressure in summer
(2) Higher pressure in winter
(3) Higher temperature in summer
(4) Higher temperature in winter
A (1) and (3) only
B (1) and (4) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (2) and (4) only
ANSWER
23 If the air temperature recorded at a weather station at a height of 1500m is 9 C, the air temperature at sea level should be
A 0 C
B 6 C
C 12 C
D 15 C
ANSWER
24 In equatorial lowlands, rainfall is usually occurred in the late afternoon. What type of rain is this?
A Convectional rain
B Cyclonic rain
C Frontal rain
D Relief rain
ANSWER
25 In higher latitudes,
A the angle of elevation is large.
B the angle of incidence is small.
C the sunray travelled a shorter distance of the atmosphere.
D the annual range of temperature is large.
ANSWER
26 In Hong Kong, south-facing slopes are warmer than north-facing slopes because
(1) they receive a longer period of sunlight
(2) they are more sheltered from the cold northerly winds in winter
(3) they are nearer to the sea
(4) they are located at more southerly latitudes.
A (1) and (2) only
B (3) and (4) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (1), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
27 In Hong Kong, Tai Mo Shan is always cooler than Tsuen Wan. It is because
A The density of air at Tai Mo Shan is lower
B Tai Mo Shan is in a high latitude
C Tai Mo Shan receives less insolation
D There is large vegetation cover at Tai Mo Shan
ANSWER
28 In Hong Kong, the rain in summer is mainly brought by
(1) Trough
(2) Tropical cyclone
(3) SE monsoon
(4) NE monsoon
A (2) and (3) only
B (3) and (4) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
29 In January, it is very cold in Siberia because
A there is far away from the sea
B the angle of the sun is greater
C it is affected by a cold ocean current
D it is located at a high latitude
ANSWER
30 In January, there is
A Intense high pressure over the landmass of Asia
B Intense high pressure over the Pacific Ocean
C Intense low pressure belt around 10?N
D Intense low pressure over the landmass of Asia
ANSWER
31 In the highlands at the high latitude in the northern hemisphere, people usually locate their houses on the south-facing slopes. It is because
A South side has in shadow for a longer time
B North side has more rain
C The slope can shelter the houses from polar winds
D The vegetation will grow faster on the north-facing slopes
ANSWER
32 In the horse latitudes,
A air sinks from above
B air rises from the land surface
C winds are SE trades
D wind are south-westerlies
ANSWER
33 In what order does the air undergo the following processes to form convectional rain?
(1) Heating up of the earth surface
(2) Cooling of the air
(3) Saturation and condensation
(4) Expansion of the air
A (1), (2), (3), (4)
B (1), (4), (2), (3)
C (2), (1), (4), (3)
D (4), (1), (3), (2)
ANSWER
34 In which of the following regions is rain most likely to occur?
A The leeward slopes of a high mountain
B The area under the influence of a cyclone
C An area affected by offshore wind
D The subtropical high pressure belt
ANSWER
35 In which of the following zones is the air temperature significantly higher than the surrounding ?
(1) commercial areas
(2) industrial areas
(3) parks
(4) residential areas
A. (1), (2)
B. (1), (3)
C. (2), (4)
D. (3), (4)
ANSWER
36 Isotherms over the continents, especially those in the Northern Hemisphere, bend markedly polewards in summer and towards the equator in winter. This indicates that
A Land and ocean are heated up at different rates.
B It is cloudier over the oceans so less insolation is received.
C Heat is stored over landmass.
D Oceans reflect most of the sun's ray back to atmosphere.
ANSWER
37 'One day a cold front came and the night temperature dropped to -1 C. White crystals formed on leave surface.'
What kind of climatic constraints does the paragraph mention?
A dew
B hail
C frost
D snow
ANSWER
38 Places which lie along the same latitude may have different diurnal ranges of temperatures on the same day. Which of the following factors may best explains this phenomenon?
(1) cloud cover
(2) distance from sea
(3) longitude
(4) vegetation cover
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
39 Places which lie along the same latitude may have different temperature at a particular time. Which of the following factors is the least possible to explain such differences?
A Altitude
B Thickness of the atmosphere
C Distance from the sea
D The effect of ocean current
ANSWER
40 Temperature inversion is caused by
(1) air drainage
(2) long night of radiation
(3) ascending air
(4) in coming of onshore wind
A (1) and (2) only
B (2) and (3) only
C (3) and (4) only
D (1) and (4) only
ANSWER
41 Temperature of a place on the surface of the Earth is affected by
(1) the latitudinal location
(2) the cloud condition
(3) season of the year
(4) the nature of the surface
A (1), (2), (3) and (4)
B (1), (2) and (3) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
42 Temperatures generally decrease with increasing latitudes This is because of
(1) the declining angle of the sun
(2) the longer distance that the sun's rays pass through the atmosphere
(3) the cold ocean currents
(4) more cloud cover
A (1) and (2) only
B (1), (2) and (3) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
43 Temperatures usually decrease with altitude What is the term used to describe this?
A The barometric gradient
B The lapse rate
C The range of temperature
D The tropopause
ANSWER
44 The announcement below is about an international agreement which tries to limit the greenhouse gases Developed countries will reduce their collective emissions by 5% from 1990 levels The emissions include not only carbon dioxide, but also other greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons. The agreement is
A Kyoto Protocol
B Tokyo Protocol
C Kyushu Treaty
D Kagoshima Protocol
ANSWER
45 The effect of altitude on climate is mainly in
A the temperature
B the amount of sunshine
C the intensity of the sunshine
D the wind speed
ANSWER
46 The elevation of cloud base varies seasonally in Hong Kong. The cloud base is higher in autumn because
A The relative humidity is low
B The diurnal range of temperature is large
C The amount of condensation nuclei is small
D The uprising air current is strong
ANSWER
47 The global distribution pattern of temperature shows
(1) latitudinal differences
(2) the maximum over land
(3) the minimum over the poles
(4) a coincidence of isotherms with latitudes
A. (1), (2), (3)
B. (1), (2), (4)
C. (1), (3), (4)
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
48 The low pressure system over Australia results in the wind blowing
A clockwise into the centre of the low pressure
B anticlockwise into the centre of the low pressure
C clockwise away from the centre of the low pressure
D anticlockwise away from the centre of the low pressure
ANSWER
49 The monsoon system is caused by
A the development of summer high pressure in large landmass
B the development of winter low pressure in large landmass
C summer high pressure contrasting with winter low pressure
D winter high pressure contrasting with summer low pressure in the same area
ANSWER
50 The planetary winds include
(1) trade winds
(2) monsoon winds
(3) westerlies
(4) polar winds
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
51 The winter monsoon can be expected to dominate the weather in Hong Kong between
A February and May
B May and July
C November and February
D July and December
ANSWER
52 There are two equal rays of sunlight, A and B, reaching the weather stations X (80 N) and Y (15 N) respectively. Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) The energy from the sun's ray is more concentrated at Y than at X
(2) Y is hotter than X because it is nearer the sun
(3) The distance travelled by ray A through the earth's atmosphere to the earth's surface is greater than the distance travelled by ray B
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
ANSWER
53 What are the prevailing winds in the regions between 30 and 60 north and south?
A North-easterlies
B Westerlies
C South-easterlies
D North-westerlies
ANSWER
54 What climatic changes occur in tropical latitudes with increasing distance from the Equator?
A Rainfall decreases, temperature increases
B Rainfall decreases, annual temperature range increases
C Rainfall increases, temperature decreases
D Rainfall increases, annual temperature range decreases
ANSWER
55 What do plants release into the atmosphere under sunlight?
A Oxygen and water vapour
B Carbon dioxide and oxygen
C Water vapour and carbon dioxide
D Oxygen and heat
ANSWER
56 What greenhouse gas below is produced from the use of spray and refrigerant?
A Chlorofluorocarbons
B Nitrous oxides
C Carbon monoxide
D Methane
ANSWER
57 What is the main reason for the existence of the planetary wind system?
A The earth¡¦s revolution around the sun
B The tilt of the earth¡¦s axis
C The difference in the heating of land and sea surfaces
D The alternate belts of high and low pressure
ANSWER
58 What type of climate does Shandong have?
A Tropical monsoon climate
B Tropical continental climate
C Temperate maritime climate
D Temperate monsoon climate
ANSWER
59 Which of the following are characteristics of the Doldrums?
(1) High temperature
(2) High pressure
(3) Ascending air
(4) Close to the Equator
A (1) and (3) only
B (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
60 Which of the following are characteristics of the monsoon climate?
(1) Wind directions reverse in winter and summer
(2) It is restricted to a small scale along the coastal area
(3) It has distinctive wet and dry seasons
(4) It has a seasonal difference in air pressure between the continent and the adjacent ocean
A (1) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
61 Which of the following are forms of precipitation?
(1) fog
(2) rain
(3) dew
(4) hailstone
A (1) and (3) only
B (2) and (3) only
C (1) and (4) only
D (2) and (4) only
ANSWER
62 Which of the following are the correct descriptions about ocean currents?
A Warm currents flow towards the Equator
B Cold currents flow away from the Equator
C Cold currents flow towards the high latitudes.
D Warm currents flow away from the low latitudes.
ANSWER
63 Which of the following are the effects of global warming?
(1) More drought in the Sahel
(2) Spread of disease in California
(3) Better harvest in Shandong
(4) More typhoons in Hong Kong
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (4) only
C (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
64 Which of the following are true descriptions?
(1) more than half of the energy from the sun is reflected
(2) heat is unevenly distributed in the atmosphere
(3) the atmosphere is mainly heated up by shortwave radiation from the sun
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3) only
ANSWER
65 Which of the following calculations is INCORRECT?
A Mean daily temperature is the average of maximum and minimum temperatures of a day
B Diurnal temperature range is the difference between maximum and minimum temperatures of a day
C Mean annual temperature is the average of temperatures of the hottest and coldest months in a year
D Annual range of temperature is the temperature difference between the hottest and coldest months in a year
ANSWER
66 Which of the following city has the smallest annual range of temperature?
A Singapore
B Hong Kong
C Tokyo
D Urumqi
ANSWER
67 Which of the following climatic features is characteristic of Mogadishu?
A Small annual range of temperature
B High humidity throughout year the year
C High mean temperature and a low annual rainfall
D High mean temperatures and a high annual rainfall
ANSWER
68 Which of the following comparisons is incorrect?
Continents Oceans
A Winter temperature Warmer Cooler
B Diurnal temperature range Larger Smaller
C Annual temperature range Larger Smaller
D Heat release Quickly Slowly
ANSWER
69 Which of the following conditions is likely to result in condensation?
A A liquid turns into a vapour
B The air is blowing inland from the sea
C The air contains water vapour
D The air becomes saturated
ANSWER
70 Which of the following conditions most favour the occurrence of convectional rain?
A a windward slope
B a coastal location
C strong insolation
D meeting of warm and cold air
ANSWER
71 Which of the following descriptions about greenhouse effect is not correct?
A Sunlight can pass through the glass of greenhouse and is absorbed by the ground.
B The heated ground surface releases heat energy which increases the air temperature.
C Heat energy from the greenhouse can pass through the glass and be released.
D Heat energy from the greenhouse is reflected back to the ground.
ANSWER
72 Which of the following descriptions about the climate of Shandong, China is correct?
A The annual range of temperature is large
B The winter temperature is extremely low (below -10 C)
C The rainfall is evenly distributed
D Most of the rain fall is recorded in summer
ANSWER
73 Which of the following descriptions of the Asian monsoon in July is INCORRECT?
A An intense low pressure cell develops over the Asian land mass
B On crossing the Equator, the south-east winds are deflected to the left to become the south-west winds
C High pressure develops over Australia
D South-east winds from the continental high of Australia blow towards the Equator
ANSWER
74 Which of the following is a favourable condition for the occurrence of urban heat island effect in a town?
A a coastal location
B more green space
C lack of industrial activities
D larger built-up area
ANSWER
75 Which of the following is incorrectly paired ?
A Between the Equator and 30 N & S Trade winds
B Coriolis force Wind direction
C Between 30 and 60 N & S Polar winds
D Pressure gradient force Wind speed
ANSWER
76 Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the climatic pattern in Turpan (Xinjiang, China)?
A Low annual rainfall
B Small daily range of temperature
C Large annual range of temperature
D Maximum amount of insolation in June
ANSWER
77 Which of the following is the main reason for the occurrence of monsoon winds?
A Mountain barrier
B Heating and cooling effect of land and sea
C Rotation of the earth on its axis
D Latitude and longitude
ANSWER
78 Which of the following is the most common cause of formation of fog in Hong Kong?
A cooling of rising air currents
B the dissipation of low clouds
C the meeting of cold and warm ocean currents
D warm air passing over a cool sea
ANSWER
79 Which of the following is the result of unequal heating and cooling of land and sea?
A The land colder than the sea in summer
B The sea warmer than the land in winter
C The bending of isotherms
D Planetary wind
ANSWER
80 Which of the following is used to show the air pressure in a weather chart?
A Isohyet
B Isotherm
C Isobar
D Contour lines
ANSWER
81 Which of the following pair are correct?
(1) isotherm - temperature
(2) isohyet - rainfall
(3) isobar - pressure
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
ANSWER
82 Which of the following planetary pressure belts is wrong?
A Equatorial low
B Subpolar high
C Polar high
D Subtropical high
ANSWER
83 Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) The hottest places during summer time in the Northern Hemisphere are around the Equator
(2) The hottest and coldest areas are usually found in continents
(3) Temperatures are more evenly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere
(4) The lower latitudes usually have smaller annual temperature range
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (3) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
84 Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) Land surfaces heat up and cool down rapidly
(2) Coastal regions are warmed by the sea in summer but cooled by the sea in winter
(3) Sea surfaces heat up slowly but retain their heat for long periods
(4) Land surfaces far from sea influences have colder winters than coastal regions
A (1) and (2) only
B (2) and (4) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (1), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
85 Which of the following statements best describe the Horse Latitudes?
(1) They lie approximately in latitudes 30 north and south of the Equator
(2) They are zones of high pressure
(3) The trade winds blow towards the Equator in these latitudes
(4) They are zones of ascending air
A (2) and (4) only
B (1), (2) and (3) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
86 Which of the following statements best describe the possible impacts of global warming in China ?
(1) higher intensity of meteorological hazards
(2) lower agricultural output
(3) reduction in water resource
(4) more vegetation species
A (1), (2)
B (1), (2), (3)
C (2), (3), (4)
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
87 Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A Inland areas are usually colder than coastal areas in winter
B Inland areas are usually warmer than coastal areas in summer
C The eastern coast of Australia is cooler than the western coast
D The eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean is cooler than the western part of it
ANSWER
88 Which of the following statements is not true?
A The more humid the air, the lower the dew point temperature
B The more humid the air, the lower the evaporation rate
C Descending air is drier than uplifting air
D The relative humidity of the air is lower in the continental interior than over the ocean
ANSWER
89 Which of the following weather phenomena are common in summer in Hong Kong?
(1) Fog
(2) Anticyclone
(3) Thunderstorm
(4) Typhoon
A (1) and (2) only
B (3) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
90 Which of the places below will receive less rain?
(1) Leeward side of a mountain
(2) The Doldrums
(3) Areas affected by offshore winds
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
ANSWER
91 With increasing distance from sea,
(1) Total annual rainfall decreases
(2) Annual temperature range increases
(3) Mean annual temperature increases
(4) Seasons are less marked
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (4) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
Part 2 + Part 8 Endogenetic process + Natural hazards __________________________________________________
92 A batholith ___ (1) is formed by extrusive vulcanicity (2) forms the root of a mountain (3) may be exposed after denudation (4) is formed with a slow rate of cooling A (1), (2), (3) and (4) B (1), (2) and (3) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 93 A composite cone ___ . (1) may have a caldera (2) may have conelets (3) is composed of lava (4) is composed of ash A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (3) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 94 A composite volcanic cone (1) has steep convex slopes (2) often has near symmetrical sides (3) is made up of alternate layers (4) is made up of acid lava A (2) and (3) only B (3) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (4) only ANSWER 95 A dyke may form a ___ . (1) ridge (2) depression (3) waterfall (4) headland A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (3) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 96 A fumarole does NOT eject ___ . A sulphur B steam C lava D carbon dioxide ANSWER 97 'A jet of steam is thrown into the air at regular intervals.' It is a A a hot spring. B volcanic eruption. C a volcanic plug. D a geyser. ANSWER 98 A solfatara is a ___ . A vent B pipe C crater D cone ANSWER 99 A tsunami occurs when A an earthquake bursts a dam B a volcanic eruption blocks a river valley C an earthquake fractures an ocean bed D a tornado develops ANSWER 100 A volcanic arc is NOT parallel to a __ . A mid-ocean ridge B ocean trench C zone of instability D zone of subduction ANSWER 101 After a violent eruption, the top of a composite cone may become a larger crater called A conelet B caldera C lava plateau D tuff ANSWER 102 After violent eruption, the top of the composite cone may become a large crater called a A conelet B caldera C lava plateau D tuff ANSWER 103 All continents are believed to be united to form a super-size continent in the past. This continent is known as A Permian B Laurasia C Pangaea D Gondwanaland ANSWER 104 An earthquake may lead to further damages by causing (1) thunderstorm (2) landslide (3) tsunami (4) sudden snowmelts and floods A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (3) and (4) only ANSWER 105 Arrange the following types of fold in increasing compressional force. (1) recumbent fold (2) overfold (3) asymmetrical fold (4) symmetrical fold A (1), (2), (3), (4) B (3), (4), (2), (1) C (4), (3), (1), (2) D (4), (3), (2), (1) ANSWER 106 Column of water and vapour is ejected from the opening regularly. The description refers to a A crater lake B caldera C hot spring D geyser ANSWER 107 Dykes and sill are (1) extrusive features (2) formed under earth surface (3) formed by cooling of magma A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER 108 Dykes and sills of porphyritic rocks in Hong Kong always (1) supports high mountains (2) forms steep slopes (3) forms high ridges (4) forms waterfall A (1), (2), (3) and (4) B (2), (3) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2) and (4) only ANSWER 109 Earthquake magnitude is measured by a A barograph B seismograph C monograph D hydrograph ANSWER 110 Earthquakes are common in which of the following areas? (1) Australia (2) Japan (3) The Mediterranean and the Middle East (4) West coast of North and South America A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 111 Earthquakes are common in (1) Australia (2) Japan (3) Mediterranean and Middle East (4) west coast of North and South America A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 112 Earthquakes often occur in (1) fault zones (2) ocean trenches (3) ancient shields (4) mid-oceanic ridges A (1) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 113 Earthquakes often occur in (1) fault zones (2) ocean trenches (3) ancient shields (4) mid-oceanic ridges A (1) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 114 Earthquakes that occur deep inside the earth are usually A frequent and of high magnitude B infrequent and of high magnitude C frequent and of low magnitude D infrequent and of low magnitude ANSWER 115 Energy that is being given off by the surface of the earth is A specific heat B convection C insolation D terrestrial radiation ANSWER 116 How is a caldera different from a crater? A caldera A. is circular in shape B. has a lake C. is much larger D. is much older ANSWER 117 Human adjustments after earthquakes include (1) the demolition of all buildings in earthquake prone areas. (2) the construction of earthquake resistant buildings. (3) the installation of instruments to predict the coming of earthquakes. (4) international aid and relief provisions. A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 118 If tensional force is applied on the both sides, what features will be formed? (1) horst (2) fold mountain (3) volcano (4) graben A (1) and (3) only B (2) and (4) only C (1) and (4) only D (2) and (3) only ANSWER 119 In some areas of frequent hazards, there is still a dense population. This is because (1) people have poor knowledge about the hazards (2) the place offers favourable conditions for making a living (3) there is shortages of land elsewhere (4) people are bound by historical heritage A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 120 In which part of the earth can we find magma? A core B mantle C sima D sial ANSWER 121 It is a volcanic cone made up of alternative layers of cinder and ash and then lava. The description refers to a A lava cone B subsidiary cone C secondary cone D composite cone ANSWER 122 Most Indonesian have not thought about leaving the country although many were killed by the tectonic hazards in the past It is because (1) the government has sufficient capital and technology to provide protection (2) there are fertile soils provided by volcanic ash (3) there are many areas in the country which are not prone to volcanic eruptions (4) they are too poor to move to other countries A (1) and (3) only B (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 123 Most of the world¡¦s active volcanoes are (1) found along plate boundaries (2) in Australia (3) found around the Pacific Ocean (4) cone-shaped mountains A (1) and (4) only B (1), (2) and (3) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D All of the above ANSWER 124 Nature of lava: high temperature, 1000 C, easy flowing Nature of eruption: little ash, no explosive activities What kind of volcanic cone will be built up by an eruption like the one described above? A ash and cinder cone B composite cone C basic lava cone D acid lava cone ANSWER 125 People in Hong Kong have high precaution against damage caused by typhoons but low precaution against those damage caused by earthquakes because (1) typhoons have high frequency of occurrence (2) there is no earthquake recorded in Hong Kong (3) earthquakes that affected Hong Kong were very low in magnitude (4) typhoons come suddenly A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (3) and (4) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 126 Pick out the WRONG statement. A Young fold mountains are usually higher than old fold mountains. B All fold mountains are found at the unstable earth crust zone. C Island arc like Japan is in fact a fold mountain range. D Earthquakes are frequent at unstable earth crust zone. ANSWER 127 Plate tectonics are responsible for the formation of: (1) desert (2) fold mountain (3) sedimentary rock (4) island arcs A all B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 128 San Andreas Fault is an example of A overfold B tear fault C normal fault D reverse fault ANSWER 129 The amount of damage caused by an earthquake at any one point depends on (1) the amount of movement at the focus (2) the type of tectonic plate boundaries the earthquake occurs near (3) the distance away from the epicentre (4) the type of rock structure of the region A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D All of the above ANSWER 130 The Andes have been formed at the plate boundaries of the A Caribbean and Cocos Plate B South American and African Plate C Pacific and Nazca Plate D Nazca and South American Plate ANSWER 131 The Continental Drift Theory suggests that (1) the lithosphere is broken into pieces. (2) plates float on the top of magma. (3) plates move by convection. (4) Pangaea broke up and moved apart. A (1) only B (4) only C (1) and (2) only D (1), (2) and (4) only ANSWER 132 The correct order of the earth structure from the centre outward is (1) mantle (2) earth crust (3) atmosphere (4) hydrosphere (5) core A (1), (2), (3) (4), (5) B (3), (4), (2) (1), (5) C (4), (5), (2) (3), (1) D (5), (1), (2) (4), (3) ANSWER 133 The differences in damages caused by earthquakes may be to differences in (1) intensity of earthquakes (2) population density (3) preventive and relief measures (4) types of plate boundaries A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (3) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 134 The earth crust is sub-divided into two layers. They are the A atmosphere and hydrosphere B outer core and inner core C sial and sima D igneous rock and sedimentary rock ANSWER 135 The earthquake in India in October 1993 took place at a ___ A constructive plate margin B destructive plate margin C conservative plate margin D tear fault ANSWER 136 The following processes appear at different stages during the formation of a fold mountain. (1) uplifting of the folded sedimentary rocks (2) deposition of sediments in a trench (3) collision of oceanic and continental plates (4) compression of the sedimentary rocks Which of the following best describe the sequence of processes leading to the formation of the fold mountain? A (1), (2), (3), (4) B (2), (3), (4), (1) C (3), (1), (2), (4) D (3), (2), (4), (1) ANSWER 137 The Himalayas were formed by A volcanic activity B faulting C the convergence of the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate D old fold mountains ANSWER 138 The intensity of an earthquake (1) is recorded in the Mercalli Scale (2) is measured by a seismogram (3) ranges from 1 to 10 (4) is in a logarithmic scale A (1) only B (2) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 139 The landforms produced by faulting include (1) rift valley (2) volcano (3) fold mountain (4) horst A (1) and (3) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 140 The magnitude of earthquakes measures the ____ in the ___ Scale. A seismic waves, Mercalli B seismic waves, Richter C effects, Mercalli D effects, Richter ANSWER 141 The major earthquake zones in the world generally coincide with (1) continental interiors (2) plate boundaries (3) young fold mountains (4) zones of recent mountain building activity A (1) and (2) only B (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 142 The Mid-Atlantic Ridge __ . (1) is at the zone of construction (2) is at the zone of spreading (3) has a lot of volcanoes (4) has frequent earthquakes A (1) only B (1) and (2) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 143 The plate tectonic theory can be used to explain (1) continental drift (2) the structure of the earth (3) the spreading of ocean A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER 144 The plateau is built up with (1) basic lava (2) lava flowing out quietly (3) rocks of fine crystals A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (3) only C (1) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER 145 The point at which earthquakes begins in the crust is the __ and the point on the earth surface directly above it is the __. A origin, focus B focus, epicentre C epicentre, origin D epicentre, focus ANSWER 146 The presence of hot spring and geysers in an area indicate that __ is very active. A. erosion B. mass wasting C. volcanic activity D. ice erosion ANSWER 147 The principal rocks in the earth crust are (1) basalt (2) granite (3) olivine (4) molten rock A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (3) and (4) only ANSWER 148 'This is a process in which the materials from the mantle escape onto the earth surface.' Which of the following features are associated with the process mentioned above? (1) lava flow (2) dyke (3) volcano (4) batholith A (1) and (3) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 149 Two different cities experience earthquakes of the same Richter Scale. However, on the Modified Mercalli Scale, the earthquake was rated V in one city and VII in the other city. The best explanation for the difference is that A One city is near the equator, the other is near the pole. B The earthquake in one city occurred at 8 p.m. and the other occurred at 4 p.m. C One city is built on bedrock while the other was built on loose sediments. D One city is in a drier climate zone than the other. ANSWER 150 Volcanic zone is always a good place for: (1) mining (2) farming (3) generating thermal electricity (4) tourism A (1), (2), (3) and (4) B (1), (2) and (3) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 151 Volcanoes which are likely to erupt are A dormant B active C ash and cinder cones D composite cones ANSWER Which layer of the earth has the lowest density? A sial B sima C mantle D core ANSWER 152 We know where the plate boundary lie by studying the distribution of A fold mountain B rocks C earthquakes and volcanoes D oceanic trenches ANSWER 153 What are the characteristics of a batholith? (1) It is massive. (2) It is formed deep under the earth surface. (3) Its rocks are fine-grained. (4) It may be exposed on the earth surface. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 154 What is a tsunami? A A Japanese volcanic island B A series of large waves caused by a submarine earthquake C A tidal wave which occurs in spring D An earth tremor ANSWER 155 What is the name given to the layer surrounding the core of the earth? A Mantle B Crust C Granite D Shield ANSWER 156 What is the name given to the point at which the earthquake shock originates in the crust? A mantle B epicentre C seismic wave D focus ANSWER 157 What process acts oppose to mountain building? A rejuvenation B denudation C weathering D metamorphism ANSWER 158 When lava is acidic, there will be: (1) formation of steep sided cone (2) violent eruption (3) formation of lava plateau (4) earthquake A (1), (2), (3) and (4) B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 159 When there is tensional force applied on both side of sediments, there is formation of: (1) horst (2) fold mountain (3) volcano (4) rift valley A (1), (2), (3) and (4) B (1), (2) and (3) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 160 Which has been studied to obtain information about the earth's core? A volcano B earthquake C igneous rock D sedimentary rock ANSWER 161 Which is the most accurate statements about the structure of the earth? A The temperature in the mantle decreases with depth. B The pressure in the mantle increases with depth. C The continental crust is thinnest under mountain region. D The two most common elements in the mantle are iron and nickel. ANSWER 162 Which ocean has the greatest number of recorded earthquakes around its shore? A Indian Ocean B Atlantic Ocean C Pacific Ocean D Arctic Ocean ANSWER 163 Which of following has been studied to obtain information about the earth's core? A volcano B earthquake C igneous rock D sedimentary rock ANSWER 164 Which of following is a destructive plate boundary? A San Andreas Fault B Mid-Atlantic Ridge C East African Rift Valley D Alps ANSWER 165 Which of the following about a symmetrical fold is correct? A It has two equally steep limbs. B One opposing force is greater than the other. C It has an inclined axis. D It has two almost parallel limbs. ANSWER 166 Which of the following about batholith are correct? (1) It is an intrusive form of vulcanicity. (2) The rocks are mainly plutonic rocks such as dolerite. (3) It is formed deep underground. A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER 167 Which of the following about the characteristics of a batholith is correct? A It is formed at great depth. B It is made up of rocks of small crystals. C It is a wall-like feature. D It is an extrusive igneous feature. ANSWER 168 Which of the following about the core are correct? (1) It has the highest temperature. (2) It has the highest density. (3) It has the highest pressure. (4) It is made up of iron and nickel. A (1) and (2) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 169 Which of the following are associated with the collision of plates? (1) earthquakes (2) volcanic eruption (3) folding (4) faulting A (1) and (2) only B (3) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 170 Which of the following are common characteristics of mechanically formed sedimentary rocks? (1) They formed layered structures. (2) They are fossil bearing. (3) They are crystalline. (4) Their grains are cemented together. A. (1) and (3) only B. (2) and (4) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 171 Which of the following are correct descriptions of the formation of a composite cone? (1) There are successive violent and quiet eruptions. (2) Eruptions take place mostly at the central vent. (3) The cone is mostly made up of lava and rock fragments. (4) There may be caldera formed at the top of the cone. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (2), (3) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 172 Which of the following are correct descriptions of the San Andreas Fault in the USA? (1) It is along a conservative plate margin. (2) Plates move apart from the fault. (3) It is a zone of volcanic activity and earthquake. (4) It is a zone of instability. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 173 Which of the following are correct descriptions of young fold mountain? (1) they are high and steep (2) they are made up of sedimentary rocks (3) there may be volcanoes (4) they are all along plate margins A (1), (2), (3) and (4) B (1), (2) and (3) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 174 Which of the following are descriptions of plates? (1) plates are either made up of continents or oceans (2) plates may move together or apart (3) plates may collide or may be subducted (4) plates may be constructed or destroyed A (1), (2), (3) and (4) B (1), (2) and (3) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 175 Which of the following are examples of block mountains? (1) Tai Mo Shan of Hong Kong (2) Vosges of France (3) Black Forest of West Germany (4) Appalachians of the U.S. A (1) and (3) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 176 Which of the following are examples of intrusive igneous activity? (1) dyke (2) laccolith (3) lava flow (4) sill A (1) and (4) only B (2) and (3) only C (1), (2) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 177 Which of the following are formed in the Alpine folding? (1) the Alps (2) the Appalachian (3) the Rockies (4) the Andes A (1) and (2) only B (1), (2) and (3) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 178 Which of the following are geomorphologic hazards? (1) earthquakes (2) landslides (3) tsunamis (4) flood A (2) and (4) only B (3) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 179 Which of the following are human responses to natural hazards in developed countries? (1) effective planning of the environment (2) giving early warnings of natural hazards (3) reliance on assistance from international organisations (4) provision of emergency facilities A (1) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 180 Which of the following are meteorological hazards? (1) Avalanche (2) Landslide (3) Blizzard (4) Flood A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 181 Which of the following are natural hazards? (1) Earthquakes (2) Flooding (3) Typhoons (4) Landslides A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 182 Which of the following are the characteristics of constructive plate boundaries? (1) The plates are moving away from each other (2) Ocean ridges are the common landforms in this kind of plate boundaries (3) Lava flows out and cools at the boundary of the plates (4) Fold mountains will be formed A (1) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (3) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 183 Which of the following are true about batholith? (1) It is an extrusive feature (2) Magma solidifies slowly (3) Its rocks are fine-grained (4) Its rocks has large crystals A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (3) only C (2) and (4) only D (3) and (4) only ANSWER 184 Which of the following are true? (1) The sial is beneath the sima. (2) The mantle is beneath the core. (3) The core is beneath the crust. (4) The mantle is beneath the sima. A (1) and (2) only B (1), (3) and (4) only C (2) and (4) only D (3) and (4) only ANSWER 185 Which of the following are ways of reducing losses caused by earthquakes? (1) establish warning system (2) construct specially designed buildings (3) provide adequate emergency facilities (4) restrict building heights A (3) and (4) only B (1), (2) and (3) only C (1), (2) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 186 Which of the following can be used to predict an earthquake? (1) Changes in animal behaviour (2) Changes in the level of groundwater (3) Changes in magnetic field (4) Changes in weather conditions A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 187 Which of the following comparison between basic and acidic lava cones is NOT correct? A it is made up of fluid lava B it is steep sided C it has a narrow base D it is tall ANSWER 188 Which of the following consists of the oldest rocks? A young fold mountain B old fold mountain C tectonic plateau D shield ANSWER 189 Which of the following correctly describe the Himalayas? (1) It is a young fold mountain. (2) It is found at the destructive plate boundary. (3) It is made up of sedimentary rock layers. (4) It is formed about 100 million years ago. A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 190 Which of the following could be features formed as a result of faulting? (1) rift valley (2) block mountain (3) basin (4) plateau A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (2), (3) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 191 Which of the following description about the Circum Pacific Belt is incorrect ? A. it lies along the destructive plate boundary B. it is an unstable zone C. it includes the Rockies D. earthquake is concentrated on the West Pacific while volcanic eruption is on East Pacific ANSWER 192 Which of the following descriptions about the Himalayas are correct? (1) They are made up of fold mountain ranges. (2) They are located in the zone of divergence. (3) They are mainly made up of sedimentary rocks. (4) They are located along a constructive plate boundary. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (4) only D. (3) and (4) only ANSWER 193 Which of the following features may be formed by forces of compression? (1) mid-oceanic ridges (2) rift valley (3) fold mountains (4) horsts A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 194 Which of the following hazards could be caused by both meteorological and geomorphic processes? (1) drought (2) flooding (3) typhoon (4) landslide A (1) and (3) only B (2) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 195 Which of the following hazards may be caused by human activities? A River floods B Earthquakes C Cyclones D Volcanic eruptions ANSWER 196 Which of the following hazards may result from an earthquake? (1) Outbreak of disease (2) Landslides (3) Floods (4) Tsunamis A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 197 Which of the following is a correct pairing? (1) geyser gases (2) hot spring hot water (3) solfatara gases rich in sulphur (4) fumerole water A (1) and (4) only B (2) and (3) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 198 Which of the following is associated with fluid lava? (1) Acid lava cone (2) Basic lava cone (3) Lava plateau A (1) only B (2) only C (1) and (3) only D (2) and (3) only ANSWER 199 Which of the following is formed as a result of fissure eruption? A lava plateau B volcanic plug C hot spring D pyroclast ANSWER 200 Which of the following is NOT a characteristics of a rift valley? A It has a flat floor. B The side slopes are steep. C It results from the divergence of the plates. D The valley is V-shaped. ANSWER 201 Which of the following is NOT caused by compressional force? A folding B reverse faulting C subduction D sea floor spreading ANSWER 202 Which of the following is produced by faulting in Hong Kong? (1) scarp slope (2) porphyry dyke (3) rectangular drainage pattern A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER 203 Which of the following is the correct arrangement of types of folding with increasing intensity of force from one direction? (1) overfold (2) overthrust (3) recumbent (4) asymmetrical (5) symmetrical A (5), (4), (1), (3), (2) B (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) C (2), (3), (4), (5), (1) D (1), (3), (5), (4), (2) ANSWER 204 Which of the following may lead to soil erosion? (1) Clearing vegetation cover from steep slopes (2) Strong winds in dry areas with little vegetation cover (3) Overgrazing and overcultivation (4) Contour ploughing A (1) and (2) only B (1), (2) and (3) only C (1), (2) and (4) only D (1), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 205 Which of the following natural hazards are caused by geomorphic processes? (1) earthquakes (2) landslides (3) tsunamis (4) flood A (2) and (4) only B (3) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 206 Which of the following rocks are formed with association to vulcanicity? (1) igneous rock (2) sedimentary rock (3) metamorphic rock A (1) only B (3) only C (1) and (2) only D (1) and (3) only ANSWER 207 Which of the following statements about a batholith are true? (1) The cooling of magma is slow. (2) Its rocks are fine-grained. (3) Its rocks are acidic. (4) It was formed by extrusive vulcanicity. A (1) only B (3) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 208 Which of the following statements about earthquakes is incorrect? A A lot of people still live in earthquake zones despite the risk. B Earthquake losses are more serious in developed countries. C Only a small percentages of earthquakes cause loss of human life. D Human beings are not able to predict the occurrence of earthquakes accurately. ANSWER 209 Which of the following statements about faults is true? A A fault is a line of weakness in the earth crust where rocks at both sides are displaced relatively B A normal fault is caused by compressional force C A tear fault is only found along destructive plate boundaries D A reverse fault is caused by tensional force ANSWER 210 Which of the following statements about natural hazards are correct? (1) Man is able to modify most natural processes leading to hazards. (2) Human responses to hazards depend on people's perception. (3) Developing countries are more vulnerable to disasters caused by natural hazards. (4) Many developed countries have disaster strategy programmes. A (1) and (4) only B (2) and (3) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 211 Which of the following statements about the Circum-Pacific Ring of Fire are correct? (1) Many active volcanoes, hot springs and geysers can be found. (2) They represents crustal zones of instability. (3) Young fold mountain and earthquakes are common. (4) Tectonic plates slide past each other in the region. A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 212 Which of the following statements about the earth¡¦s crust are true? (1) The crust rests on the mantle (2) The crust is about 10-20 kilometres thick under the ocean (3) The crust is thickest under continents and mountains (4) The crust is made up of a number of tectonic plates A (1) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 213 Which of the following statements about the earth's crust are true? (1) It is relatively thin. (2) It is mainly made of iron. (3) It is lighter than the mantle. (4) New crust is formed at the spreading zone. A (1) and (3) only B (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 214 Which of the following will cause folding? (1) tangential force in tension (2) tangential force in compression (3) radial force A (1) only B (2) only C (1) and (2) only D (1), (2) and (3) only ANSWER 215 Which of these are true about the core? (1) It consists of dense rocks. (2) It is partly molten. (3) It has very high temperature. (4) It has very high pressure. A (1) and (2) only B (1), (2) and (3) only C (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 216 Which statement best describes the continental crust and oceanic crust? A The continental crust is thicker and less dense than the oceanic crust. B The continental crust is thicker and denser than the oceanic crust. C The continental crust is thinner and less dense than the oceanic crust. D The continental crust is thinner and denser than the oceanic crust. ANSWER 217 Which statements best supports the theory that all continents were once a single landmass? A Rocks of the mid-ocean ridges are older than those of the adjacent sea floor. B Same types of rock and fossil can be found where continents appear to fit together. C Fossils of sea creatures can be found on top of fold mountains. D Fold mountains are made up of sedimentary rock. ANSWER 218 Why do people live where natural hazards may occur? (1) Because in some countries there is no where else to live (2) Because people have strong ties to their motherlands (3) Because people think that the advantages of living there outweigh the risks (4) Because people have always lived there and have grown up with the risk A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 219 Young fold mountains are (1) taller than old fold mountains (2) along convergent plate margins (3) made up of igneous rock A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER 220 Young fold mountains are normally (1) high and rough (2) found along convergent plate margins (3) composed of fossils (4) made up of igneous rock A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (2), (3) and (4) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER
Part 3 + Part 9 Exogenetic process + Trouble of water ___________________________________________________
221 A decrease in the gradient along a river course will NOT lead to
A a smaller discharge
B a larger velocity
C more deposition
D more flooding
ANSWER
222 A delta is formed at the mouth of a river when
(1) the rate of removal of sediments is greater than the rate of accumulation
(2) there is a gentle slope near the shore
(3) ocean currents and winds are strong
(4) the river carries a large amount of load
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (4) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (2) and (4) only
ANSWER
223 A delta is formed at the river mouth when
(1) the rate of removal of sediments is greater than the rate of accumulation
(2) there is a gentle slope near the shore
(3) ocean currents and winds are strong
(4) the river carries a large amount of load
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (4) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (2) and (4) only
ANSWER
224 A delta is likely to be formed when there is a
(1) steep offshore slope
(2) large amount of load
(3) stagnant (still) water body at the river mouth
(4) strong offshore current
A (2) only
B (3) only
C (1) and (4) only
D (2) and (3) only
ANSWER
225 A pebble transported to the lower course is rounded due to
A abrasion
B corrosion
C attrition
D hydraulic action
ANSWER
226 A pot hole at the river's bed is deepened by the process of __ but a plunge pool at the bottom of a waterfall is mainly deepened by the process of __.
A abrasion, hydraulic action
B hydraulic action, abrasion
C attrition, hydraulic action
D hydraulic action, attrition
ANSWER
227 A river can increase its length by the process of
(1) delta formation
(2) headward erosion
(3) downcutting
(4) meandering
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
228 A river channel which divides or splits away from the main river downstream is
A a tributary
B a deferred river
C an estuary
D a distributary
ANSWER
229 A waterfall can be formed if there is a layer of more resistant rock lying across the river producing a
(1) Cap rock
(2) Vertical dyke
(3) Dyke dipping upstream
(4) Dyke dipping downstream
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
230 After deforestation, the peak discharge of the river __ while the time lag between the start of rain and the peak discharge __.
A increases, increases
B increases, decreases
C decreases, increases
D decreases, decreases
ANSWER
231 Arrange the following in correct order to show the formation of an ox-bow lake.
(1) Flooding occurs.
(2) The channel is straightened.
(3) Deposition seals the ends of the cut-off.
(4) Narrow neck of the meander is cut through.
(5) A pronounced meander runs on the flood plain.
A (1), (5), (3), (4), (2)
B (2), (1), (5), (4), (3)
C (5), (1), (4), (2), (3)
D (5), (2), (3), (1), (4)
ANSWER
232 Arrange the following methods of transportation in increasing weight of the load.
(1) traction
(2) saltation
(3) suspension
A (1), (2), (3)
B (1), (3), (2)
C (3), (1), (2)
D (3), (2), (1)
ANSWER
233 As Mary walked along the side of a river, they found that the size of boulders in the river is increasing. In which direction did they head for?
A lower course
B source
C delta
D ox-bow lake
ANSWER
234 As the velocity of a stream increases,
(1) discharge increases
(2) down-cutting increases
(3) transportation increases
(4) deposition increases
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
235 Braided rivers usually occur in the lower course of a river
A (2) and (3) only
B (3) and (4) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
236 By which of the following methods does a river transport its load?
(1) Traction
(2) Suspension
(3) Saltation
(4) Plucking
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
237 Evapotranspiration is related to:
(1) the temperature
(2) the amount of rain
(3) the relative humidity
(4) the season of the year
A (1), (2), (3) and (4)
B (1), (2) and (3) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
238 How does deforestation lead to increase flood hazard?
(1) more rain water enters the river channel
(2) rain water runs more quickly into the river channel soon after rain
(3) infiltration rate increases
(4) more soil particles enter the channel
A (1) and (2) only
B (2) and (3) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2) and (4) only
ANSWER
239 How does the Huang He scheme improve the navigation of the river?
(1) storage reservoirs regulate the water depth of the channels for sail boats
(2) dredging removes silt
(3) river channels are straightened
(4) a denser network of channels and canals were built
A (1) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
240 Identify the inputs in a drainage system.
(1) sediments
(2) precipitation
(3) materials from erosion and mass wasting
(4) waste disposed of by people
A (1) and (2) only
B (2) and (3) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
241 Identify the outputs in a drainage system.
(1) evaporation
(2) transpiration
(3) precipitation
(4) runoff
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (4) only
D (1), (2) and (4) only
ANSWER
Corrosion is
A erosion by abrasion
B erosion by solution
C transpiration by suspension
D transpiration by traction
ANSWER
242 In which area will surface runoff most likely be greatest during heavy rainfall?
A forest
B desert
C barren land
D paved city street
ANSWER
243 Mean velocity increases downstream because
(1) friction decreases
(2) gradient increases
(3) discharge increases
(4) amount of load decreases
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (4) only
D (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
244 Outputs of a water cycle system include
(1) water vapour by evaporation
(2) precipitation
(3) surface run-off or overland flow to the sea
(4) channel outflow
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
245 Pebbles found along a stream bed are always rounder in appearance. This is the result of
A abrasion
B corrosion
C corrasion
D attrition
ANSWER
246 Pick out the odd one.
A concave bank convex bank
B gentle slope steep slope
C outer bend inner bend
D lateral erosion deposition
ANSWER
247 Radial drainage is
A the result of stream erosion in badlands
B formed on bedrock with uniform resistance to erosion
C formed when stream flow outwards from a conical hill
D formed when streams flow into a desert basin
ANSWER
248 River deposition occurs when
(1) velocity decreases
(2) gradient decreases
(3) discharge decreases
(4) amount of load decreases
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
249 River X has increased in length by 2 km over the last 100 years. What are the possible processes responsible for the change?
(1) meandering
(2) headward erosion
(3) rise in sea level
(4) uplift of land
A (2) and (4) only
B (3) and (4) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
250 Saltation is a form of river transport in which
A the small particles are carried along by the stream
B the particles are rolled along the stream floor
C the particles are moved in a series of hops
D the minerals are carried in solution
ANSWER
251 Some common features of the lower course of a river are
(1) deltas
(2) braided streams
(3) interlocking spurs
(4) floodplains
A (2) and (4) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
252 Some common features of the upper course of a river are
(1) levees
(2) rapids
(3) pot-holes
(4) waterfalls
A (1) and (4) only
B (2) and (4) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
253 The amount of surface runoff is controlled by:
(1) the intensity of rain
(2) the duration of rain
(3) the coverage of vegetation
(4) the steepness of slope
A all
B (1), (2) and (3) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
254 The average velocity of a river in its upper course is low because:
(1) there is turbulent flow
(2) valley is rough
(3) amount of water is small
(4) the river is winding
A (1), (2), (3) and (4)
B (1), (2) and (3) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
255 The boundary of a river basin is known as
A the watershed
B the watertable
C the zone of non-saturation
D the aquifer
ANSWER
256 The causes of flooding in the flood plain of Huang He include
(1) a lot of sediment from the Loess Plateau removed
(2) a sudden change of slope between middle course and lower course
(3) heavy rain in summer exceeds bank full capacity
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
ANSWER
257 The characteristic features of a river's flood plain include
(1) pot holes
(2) levees
(3) meanders
(4) ox-bow lakes
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (3) and (4) only
C (1) and (2) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
258 The discharge of a river is
A the volume of water moving through the river at a particular time
B where a river reaches the sea
C where a river begins
D the velocity of the river
ANSWER
259 The erosive power of a river increases when its
(1) amount of load increases.
(2) gradient increases.
(3) speed decreases.
(4) discharge increases.
A (1) and (2) only
B (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
260 The factors leading to a wide V-shaped valley in the lower course are
(1) mass wasting on the two sides of the valley
(2) little down-cutting
(3) lateral erosion
(4) transportation of heavy load to the sea
A (2) and (3) only
B (3) and (4) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
261 The flooding of the Huang He is due to
(1) deforestation in Loess Plateau.
(2) unreliable monsoon rain.
(3) construction of dams and reservoirs.
(4) shallowing of the river bed.
A (1) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
262 The following shows the changes in the river basin between 2004 and 2005
(1) transpiration decreased by 200mm
(2) precipitation increased by 600mm
(3) evaporation increased by 100mm
(4) irrigation water decreased by 400 mm
Other things being equal, what is the change in the channel runoff?
A increased by 100 mm
B decreased by 100 mm
C increased by 1100 mm
D decreased by 1300 mm
ANSWER
263 The frequent flooding of Huang He is caused by
(1) its large sediment load
(2) prolonged heavy rainfall
(3) the gentle gradient of its lower course
(4) the presence of lakes on both sides of the river
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
265 The lower course of a river valley usually has
(1) a gentle gradient
(2) a narrower channel than in the upper course
(3) a meandering course
(4) a load which is mainly carried in suspension
A (1) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (3) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
266 The main types of delta are
(1) arcuate delta
(2) estuarine delta
(3) rectangular delta
(4) bird's foot delta
A (1), (2) and (4) only
B (1), (3) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
267 The moisture-laden wind which causes floods in the Chang Jiang is called
A trade winds
B westerlies
C south-east monsoons
D north-west monsoons
ANSWER
268 The power of erosion of a river increases if
(1) its volume of water increases
(2) its velocity increases
(3) the gradient of slope increases
(4) the amount of load it carries increases
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (2) and (4) only
ANSWER
269 The rate of surface runoff increases with
(1) increase in steepness of slope.
(2) increase in rainfall.
(3) increase in infiltration.
(4) increase in vegetation cover.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
270 The river discharge is NOT affected by
A precipitation
B permeability of rocks
C the size of the catchment area
D the river regime
ANSWER
271 The stream will deepen the valley by
A vertical erosion
B abrasion
C lateral erosion
D undercutting the banks
ANSWER
272 The table shows the effect of a thunderstorm on the discharge of a stream. The thunderstorm began at about midday.
Time Rainfall Discharge
(mm/hr) (m3/s)
1100-1200 0 10
1200-1300 5 11
1300-1400 15 14
1400-1500 4 34
1500-1600 0 22
1600-1700 0 19
The timing of the highest discharge of the stream
A results from infiltration
B results from the lowering of the water table
C results from surface runoff
D coincides with the heaviest rainfall
ANSWER
273 The upper course has a low velocity because
(1) The gradient is large
(2) The river bed is rugged
(3) There is a large amount of load
(4) The discharge is small
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (4) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (2) and (4) only
ANSWER
274 The water that stored in the rocks is called
A rock water
B ground water
C earth water
D soil water
ANSWER
275 The youthful stage of a river is characterised by
A active downcutting.
B gentle gradient.
C lateral erosion.
D laminar flow.
ANSWER
276 There is a larger flood danger if
(1) the valley slope is steep
(2) the vegetation is dense
(3) the rock is permeable
(4) the rain is heavy
A (1) and (4) only
B (2) and (3) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
277 'Water intrudes into cracks and air is compressed and when water retreats
air in the cracks expands.' The
action described is
A. abrasion
B. attrition
C. hydraulic action
D. solvent action
ANSWER
278 What are the causes of flooding in the lower course of Huang He?
(1) very high sediment load
(2) very high discharge throughout the year
(3) marked concentration of rainfall in summer
(4) sharp change in river gradient when Huang He enters North China Plain
A (1) and (4) only
B (2) and (3) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
279 What features may be found on a delta?
(1) Spit
(2) Tributaries
(3) Levee
(4) Bar
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
280 What kind of human activity in the upper and middle Huang He aggravated the flood hazards of the lower course?
A deforestation
B terrace farming
C shifting cultivation
D coal mining
ANSWER
281 Which is the following pair is wrong?
A plunge pool - below the waterfall
B pothole - in the river bed
C delta - at the river source
D levee - on the river bank
ANSWER
282 Which occurs when a stream is uplifted?
(1) Its discharge will decrease.
(2) A waterfall will be formed.
(3) Its erosive power will increase.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
ANSWER
283 Which of the following about flood hydrograph are correct?
(1) A flood hydrograph shows the relationship between rainfall intensity, stream discharge and flood peak.
(2) The longer the time lag, the greater the possibility of flooding.
(3) If the soil is already saturated, the time lag is shorter.
(4) If the slope is vegetated, the possibility of flooding is greater.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
285 Which of the following affect the erosive power of a river?
(1) the discharge
(2) the velocity
(3) the amount of load
(4) the channel gradient
A (3) and (4) only
B (1), (2) and (3) only
C (1), (2) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
286 Which of the following are characteristics of the upper course of the river?
(1) River bed is rugged.
(2) Discharge is small.
(3) Mean velocity is large.
(4) Large amount of load.
A (1) and (4) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (2) and (4) only
ANSWER
287 Which of the following are human responses to floods in the Huang He Basin?
(1) straightening of the meandering river channels
(2) building of dykes on natural levees
(3) introduction of modern cultivation methods
(4) afforestation in the Loess Plateau
A (1) and (3) only
B (2) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
288 Which of the following are measures to prevent Huang He from flooding?
(1) afforestation in the middle course
(2) construction of canals and ditches
(3) building of storage reservoir
(4) straightening of channels
A (1) and (3) only
B (2) and (4) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
289 Which of the following are measures to solve the water shortage problem in northern China?
(1) Drilling of wells
(2) Diverting water from the west to the east
(3) Building spillways
A (1) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (4) only
D All of the above
ANSWER
290 Which of the following are measures used to prevent Huang He from flooding?
(1) afforestation in the middle course
(2) construction of canals and ditches
(3) building of storage reservoir
(4) straightening of channels
A (1) and (3) only
B (2) and (4) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
291 Which of the following are NOT the negative impacts caused by the water diversion project in China?
A Salinization
B Disturbance to aquatic lives
C Rapid growth of algae
D Insufficient water supply in the delta area
ANSWER
292 Which of the following are the human causes of flooding in Huang He Basin?
(1) deforestation
(2) poor farming methods
(3) sudden change in gradient of North China Plain
(4) industrialisation
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
293 Which of the following conditions favour the development of a delta?
(1) absence of lakes or reservoirs along the river course
(2) large amount of load carried by the river
(3) less resistant rock in the upper and middle courses
(4) weak tidal currents
A (1) and (3) only
B (1), (2), and (4) only
C (2), (3), and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
294 Which of the following features are found in lower course of a river?
(1) meander
(2) ox-bow lakes
(3) pot holes
(4) floodplain
(5) interlocking spurs
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (5) only
ANSWER
295 Which of the following features can be found on a river flood plain?
(1) Interlocking spurs
(2) Levees
(3) Meanders
(4) Ox-bow lakes
A (1), (2) and (4) only
B (1), (3) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
296 Which of the following have helped to overcome flooding problems in some parts of the Chang Jiang basin?
(1) HEP stations
(2) Dredging
(3) Afforestation
(4) Reservoirs and dams
A (1) and (2) only
B (3) and (4) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
297 Which of the following human activities may lead to man-induced hazards?
(1) deforestation
(2) land abandonment
(3) nuclear power generation
(4) oil transport
A (1) and (2) only
B (1), (3) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
298 Which of the following human activities may lead to soil erosion?
(1) farming on marginal land
(2) over-cultivation
(3) overgrazing
(4) terracing
A (1) and (4) only
B (2) and (3) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
299 Which of the following is a positive effect of flooding?
A increase soil moisture
B replenish soil for farming
C release energy store in river
D raise the water level to facilitate navigation
ANSWER
300 Which of the following is an output of the river system?
(1) baseflow
(2) sediments
(3) latent heat
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
ANSWER
301 Which of the following is largely responsible for the roundedness of the rock specimen in the last question?
A. attrition
B. abrasion
C. saltation
D. traction
ANSWER
302 Which of the following is NOT one of the causes of drought in the middle course of the Huang He?
A Low and unreliable rainfall
B Rapid evaporation in summer
C Located on the leeward slope
D Intensified deforestation
ANSWER
303 Which of the following is wrongly paired?
A plunge pool - below the waterfall
B pot-hole - in the river bed
C delta - at the river mouth
D levee - at the river source
ANSWER
304 Which of the following lead to the output of water from a drainage basin?
(1) evaporation
(2) condensation
(3) precipitation
(4) transpiration
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (4) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
306 Which of the following statements best defines abrasion?
A The breakdown of rock by the compression of air within the joints or cracks in the stream bed
B The combination of the processes of erosion
C The wearing down of the load as a result of its contact with the banks
D The wearing away of the bed and banks by the load carried by a river
ANSWER
307 Which of the following statements best defines the term river basin?
A The area of land between two rivers
B The area of land drained by a river and its tributaries
C The lowland area of the lower course of a river
D The channel of a river
ANSWER
308 Why can the river channel be raised above the flood plain?
(1) uplifting of land
(2) resistant rock underlying the river channel
(3) silting of the river bed
(4) presence of natural levee
A (1) and (2) only
B (3) and (4) only
C (1), (2) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
Part 4 + Part 10 Agriculture + Food and hunger _________________________________________________________
309 Intensive commercial farming is usually characterised by
(1) high yield per labour
(2) high yield per hectare
(3) low level of mechanisation
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (2) only
D (2) and (3) only
ANSWER
310 Intensive farming is characterised by
(1) high output per unit of land
(2) high input per unit of land
(3) low output per unit of land
(4) low input per unit of land
A (1) and (2) only
B (2) and (3) only
C (1) and (4) only
D (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
311 Name the type of farming method which does NOT help soil conservation.
A contour ploughing
B mono-cultivation
C crop rotation
D mixed farming
ANSWER
312 Overpopulation means
A high natural rate of increase
B high population density
C overcrowding
D insufficient resources to support the population
ANSWER
313 Plant growth stops when temperatures fall below
A 6 C
B 8 C
C 10 C
D 12 C
ANSWER
314 Region X is facing the problem of overpopulation. Which of the following descriptions about it is more appropriate?
A In region X, labour shortage is a problem.
B Region X's birth rates have exceeded its death rates during the past few year.
C Region X's population is too large for its resources to support.
D There is more in-migration than out-migration in region X.
ANSWER
315 Study the table below. What problem(s) will this country face?
Average daily caloric intake per capita 1899
Annual population growth per 1000 people 26
Life expectancy (years) 47
(1) Many people do not have enough food
(2) Effort of solving malnutrition problem is difficult because of the high birth rate
(3) The country needs to spare a lot of resources to deal with the problem of ageing
A (1) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
ANSWER
316 The following are different farming systems in the USA. Arrange them in decreasing intensity of farming.
(1) market gardening in the eastern coast
(2) cattle ranching in the west
(3) wheat farming in the Prairies
(4) mixed farming in the Mid-West
A (1), (2), (3), (4)
B (1), (4), (2), (3)
C (1), (4), (3), (2)
D (2), (3), (4), (1)
ANSWER
317 The intensity of farming can be described by the:
(1) output per unit area of land
(2) input per unit area of land
(3) size of the farm
(4) labour force
A (1) and (2) only
B (2) and (3) only
C (3) and (4) only
D (1) and (4) only
ANSWER
318 The physical inputs of a farming system are
(1) solar energy
(2) labour
(3) rainfall
(4) soil nutrients
A (1) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (3) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
319 What problems are caused by genetically-modified crop?
(1) Disturbance to the ecosystem
(2) Uncertain health risks
(3) Desertification in semi-arid areas
(4) More fertilizer is needed
A (1) and (4) only
B (2) and (3) only
C (1), (2) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
320 When the distance away from market increases,
(1) farming intensity increases
(2) perishability increases
(3) transport cost increases
(4) profit increases
A (3) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (4) only
D (1), (2) and (4) only
ANSWER
321 Which of the following about the Central Valley Project are correct?
(1) Water is taken from Sacramento River to the South
(2) The project includes the construction of four canals
(3) Dams are built to hold the spring meltwater from Coast Ranges
(4) The project help ease water shortage in the South
A (1) and (4) only
B (2) and (3) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
322 Which of the following activity is able to pay the highest rent?
A abandoned land
B market gardening
C fish pond
D orchard
ANSWER
The presence of abandoned land is mainly due to
A shortage of labour
B poor soil
C high bid rent
D speculation
ANSWER
323 Which of the following are characteristics of extensive farming?
(1) Farm labour is in short supply
(2) Yields per hectare are low
(3) There is a high degree of mechanization
(4) Farm sizes are small
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
324 Which of the following are characteristics of intensive farming?
(1) High input per land area to ensure maximum crop yields
(2) It is practised in areas where land is cheap and plentiful but labour is in short supply
(3) Output per hectare is high
(4) Farm sizes are small
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (3) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
325 Which of the following are NOT the characteristics of organic farming?
(1) Practice crop rotation
(2) Central Valley Project
(3) Use manure to improve soil
(4) Specialization to improve yield
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (4) only
D (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
326 Which of the following are practical ways of increasing food supply in developing countries?
(1) the introduction of livestock ranching
(2) planting high-yielding grains
(3) the practice of terraced farming on hill slopes
(4) improving marine food production
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
327 Which of the following are respective examples of a farm input, a process and a farm output?
A. rainfall; sowing; harvesting
B. pest; irrigating; tractor
C. fertilizers; ploughing; sunshine
D. animal feed; milking; animal waste
ANSWER
328 Which of the following are the agricultural constraints faced by the nomadic herders in the Sahel?
(1) Low and unreliable rainfall
(2) High and hilly relief
(3) Limited capital
(4) Low level of agricultural technology
A (1) and (2) only
B (1), (3) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
329 Which of the following are the harmful effects of pesticides on the environment?
(1) Residue traces contaminate crop
(2) Increase in biodiversity
(3) Damage food chain
(4) Water pollution
A (1) and (4) only
B (2) and (3) only
C (1), (2) and (4) only
D (1), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
330 Which of the following are ways to overcome the agricultural constraints in the Sahel?
(1) Compost to improve the soil fertility
(2) Irrigation to increase water supply
(3) Vaccination to control disease
(4) Mechanization to replace labour
A (1) and (2) only
B (3) and (4) only
C (1) and (4) only
D (1), (2) and (3) only
ANSWER
331 Which of the following best describe the characteristics of rice cultivation in South China?
(1) The land is intensively used
(2) Very high input per land area
(3) Heavy application of manure
(4) Multi-cropping and interplanting are common
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D All of the above
ANSWER
332 Which of the following comparison between the farming of the Sahel and Southern California is CORRECT?
The Sahel Southern California
A. Loss from pest and diseases High Low
B. Pollution caused by irrigation projects Mild Little
C. Effect of urban sprawl Large Large
D. Fertilizer used Chemical fertilizer Manual fertilizer
ANSWER
333 Which of the following human activities cause desertification?
(1) Over-cultivation
(2) Overgrazing
(3) Improper irrigation
(4) Pollution
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
334 Which of the following is incorrectly paired?
Constraints Solutions
A hilly relief terracing
B soil erosion contour ploughing
C labour shortage monoculture
D flooding drainage
ANSWER
335 Which of the following is negative output of nomadic herding in the Sahel?
A. Decrease soil erosion
B. Decrease soil fertility
C. Increase biological diversity
D. Increase nutrients in streams
ANSWER
336 Which of the following is NOT a correct matching of the farming constraints and solutions in the Sahel?
Constraints of farming Solutions
A. Drought intensive farming
B. Soil erosion Deforestation
C. Low technology level Borrow ideas from developed countries
D. Low education level Provision of training schemes
ANSWER
337 Which of the following is NOT a cultural constraint of farming in the Sahel?
A. Widespread poverty
B. Lack of capital for improvements
C. Labour shortage
D. Poorly-developed transport links
ANSWER
338 Which of the following is one of the sustainable measures to solve the drought problem in Southern California?
A. Afforestation
B. Artesian wells
C. Large scale irrigation projects such as Central Valley Project
D. Crop rotation
ANSWER
339 Which of the following pairs are correct?
Farming constraints Solutions
(1) decreasing arable land : control urban encroachment
(2) uneven rainfall distribution : drainage and irrigation
(3) short growing season : drought-resistant seed
(4) fluctuating market price : increase production by monoculture
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
340 Which of the following solution has been carried out to solve the problems of drought in Southern California?
A. Decrease the amount of farms
B. Use of satellite technology
C. Build diguettes
D. Dig wells
ANSWER
341 Which of the following statements about famine is correct?
(1) Prolonged droughts or floods will definitely lead to famine
(2) It is the result of the failure of food production and/or distribution systems in a place
(3) It will sharply increase death rates due to starvation and associated diseases
(4) It is a natural event in which more and more people lose their access to food
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
342 Which of the following statements about Malaysia and Somalia are correct?
(1) Malaysia has tropical humid climate while Somalia has tropical arid climate.
(2) Both countries have high mean annual temperature
(3) Both countries have high seasonal variation in rainfall
(4) Both countries have small annual range of temperature
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (1), (3) and (4) only
D (2), (3) and (4) only
ANSWER
343 Which of the following statements are true about a farming system?
(1) Farm produce and waste are outputs of a farming system
(2) The physical inputs include solar energy, rainfall and the land
(3) Human inputs include labour, transport, government and perception of the farmers
(4) Inputs are the crops and animals that the farmer sells
A (1), (2) and (3) only
B (1), (3) and (4) only
C (2), (3) and (4) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
ANSWER
344 Which of the following will not be used by a market gardener?
A seed
B fertiliser
C combine harvester
D glasshouse
ANSWER
Part 5 + Part 11 City + Sustainable city _______________________________________________________________
345 A polluted river can be hazardous to both human and natural environment because it (1) can upset life cycle in the river water (2) can degrade the quality of water in the downstream section (3) upset marine life cycle when drained out to the sea A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER 346 A sectoral pattern of land use is the effect of A relief B distance from city centre C influence of transport routes D government policy ANSWER 347 Air pollution becomes more hazardous if it causes (1) smog (2) acid rain (3) blizzard A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (3) and (4) only ANSWER 348 Air pollution has the following harmful effects such as (1) damaging buildings (2) breaking food chain (3) irritating people's eyes (4) causing respiratory diseases A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2) and (4) only ANSWER 349 Cities in the developed countries suffer more serious air pollution than those in the underdeveloped countries because of (1) high level of industrial development (2) large population (3) weak government control in the past (4) high level of car ownership A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (3) and (4) only ANSWER 350 High income residential land use is always found in the suburb because (1) rich people are fond of quiet environment (2) houses in the suburb are cheaper and more spacious (3) most of the rich people travel by private transport (4) most of the rich people who live in the suburb were farmers A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 351 If country X experiences urbanisation, its A GNP increases B living standard increases C unemployment decreases D proportion of rural population decreases ANSWER 352 If there is a large-scale rural-urban migration, what is the main result in the rural area? A fewer old people B improved transport facilities to towns C more women than men D more young adults to work on the land ANSWER 353 In 2000, the population of country X was 8 million. The level of urbanization was 40%. In 200(3), the population of country X was 10 million. The urban population was 4 million. What happened in country X? (1) urban growth (2) urbanization (3) suburbanization A (1) only B (2) only C (1) and (2) only D (2) and (3) only ANSWER 354 In a large city, commuters are putting much pressure on the transport system because they are (1) huge in numbers (2) travelling at similar time (3) travelling towards the same destination A (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) only ANSWER 355 In developed countries, rural-urban migration has slowed down because of A Government intervention B Farm mechanization C Overcrowding in cities D Rising living standard in the rural area ANSWER 356 In Hong Kong most solid wastes are dumped into landfills because (1) this is the cheapest methods to treat the solid waste (2) incineration causes air pollution (3) the land rent is low because of little land use competition (4) recycling is not profitable without government subsidy A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 357 Industrial areas in Hong Kong include (1) Wong Chuk Hang (2) Lai Chi Kok (3) Hung Hom (4) North Point A (1), (2), and (3) only B (1), (2), and (4) only C (1), (3), and (4) only D (2), (3), and (4) only ANSWER 358 Industrial estates can be found in (1) Tai Po (2) Sha Tin (3) Tuen Mun (4) Yuen Long (5) Tseung Kwan O A (1), (3), (5) B (1), (4), (5) C (2), (3), (5) D (2), (4), (5) ANSWER 359 Major problems confronting the country parks are (1) litter problem (2) inadequate fund for development (3) fire problem (4) inadequate manpower for protecting the park A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 360 Pick out the wrong statement. A New town development in Hong Kong is to disperse population and industry to city peripheries. B New town development reduces population density within the urban district. C New town development aims to provide better living environment for the people. D There is a balanced development of social class structure in the new towns of Hong Kong. ANSWER 361 Rapid urbanisation in the developing countries after World War II were the results of (1) high natural increase (2) large volume of rural-urban migration (3) government encouragement A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER 362 Rural-urban migration in most developing countries is a result of (1) farm mechanisation (2) government policy (3) improvement in transport (4) job opportunities in cities A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 363 Rural-urban migration is due to (1) the unfavourable condition in the countryside (2) the favourable condition in the cities (3) the government policy A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (2) only D. (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER 364 SO2 is a common air pollutant. In Hong Kong, it is mainly generated by (1) motor vehicles (2) factories (3) power station (4) wide use of hairspray A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (1) and (4) only D (2) and (3) only ANSWER 365 Squatter settlements are common in (1) Fringe of urban area (2) Roof of buildings (3) Inner city (4) Foot hill A (1) and (4) only B (2) and (4) only C (1) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (4) only ANSWER 366 Squatters face the following problems except A lack of water supply B poor accessibility C landslide D demolishing ANSWER 367 The best locations of low order shops in the urban area are those A at the centre of the CBD B on the fringe of the CBD C close to residential areas D in an industrial estate ANSWER 368 The bid rent mechanism explains the ... of urban land use. A concentric model B sector model C radial model D multiple-nuclei model ANSWER 369 The CBD is characterised by high rise buildings because of (1) limited space for development (2) high concentration of commercial activities (3) high land value A (2), (3) and (4) only B (1), (3) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 370 The city is able to expand outward because (1) of the increase in population (2) of the improvement of transport (3) the CBD also moves outward A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER 371 The common problem of new towns in Hong Kong is inadequate A flat land for expansion. B green belts. C public housing estates. D employment opportunities. ANSWER 372 The continual growth of the urban areas on both sides of Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong is primary a result of A land drainage schemes B reclamation C geographical inertia D areal specialization ANSWER 373 The factors influencing urban land use pattern include (1) historical factors (2) government planning (3) social value and perception (4) competition of location A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 374 The following describe the formation of red tide. Rearrange them in correct order of formation. (1) Rapid development of the new towns and poultry and pig farms increase waste water discharge. (2) Abundant discharge of waste water into streams and coastal water in both urban and rural areas. (3) Waste water leads to a bloom of certain red unicellular organisms. (4) The organisms are collectively known as red tide and can produce toxins which can kill marine fish. A (1), (2), (3), (4) B (1), (3), (4), (2) C (2), (1), (3), (4) D (2), (3), (1), (4) ANSWER 375 The functions of country parks in Hong Kong are (1) as urban lungs. (2) to reserve land for development. (3) for ecological studies. (4) to protect wildlife. A (1) and (2) only B (3) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 376 The government plays an important role in recreation resource planning and management by (1) conserving scarce recreational resources (2) ensuring the rational use of public recreational resources (3) maintaining a balance between recreation and conservation (4) raising recreational land value A (1) and (2) only B (3) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 377 The HKSAR government has adopted the concept of sustainable development in urban planning It is hoped that Hong Kong will (1) use resources more effectively (2) reduce the consumption of resources (3) look after those in need (4) reduce our environmental burden by putting it on our neighbours A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 378 The main characteristics of regional commercial areas are as follows: (1) They cater for regional or localized needs (2) They are identical in size to the Central Business District (3) They offer more specialized services than the Central Business District (4) They are mostly found near or at the junction of major roadways A (1) and (4) only B (1), (2) and (3) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 379 The major causes of housing problem in Hong Kong include (1) increasing housing costs (2) difficulties in urban renewal (3) rapid growth of urban population (4) shortage of sites in the rural area for urban expansion A (1) and (3) only B (2) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 380 The major causes of traffic problems in Hong Kong are (1) rapid increase in urban population (2) rapid increase in private cars (3) insufficient road surface (4) suburbanization 5. lack of town planning in the past A. (1), (2), 3 B. (2), (3), 4 C. (1), (3), 4 D. all ANSWER 381 The major differences in urbanisation processes between developed and developing countries are that in the latter (1) industrialisation plays little role (2) suburbanisation is common (3) rural push is more important (4) urban growth is more rapid A (1) and (3) only B (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2) (3) and (4) ANSWER 382 The new towns in the western part of the New Territories include (1) Tuen Mun (2) Sheung Shui (3) Tin Shui Wai (4) Tseung Kwan O A (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (4) only D (1), (2) and (3) only ANSWER 383 The outwards shift of population from the main urban area to the New Territories in recent decades is caused by (1) The construction of the MTR (2) The construction of the LRT (3) Electrification of KCR (4) Institutional influence A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 384 The problems in the twilight zone include (1) poor sanitation (2) flood hazard (3) traffic congestion (4) they illegally occupy land for urban development A (1), (3) B (1), (2), (4) C (2), (3), (4) D (1), (2), (3), (4) ANSWER 385 The process known as urbanization refers to A an increase in the number of urban dwellers B the movement of people in a conurbation C the increasing proportion of a country¡¦s population living in cities D a centre with many functions ANSWER 386 The purposes of setting up country park in Hong Kong are to (1) provide recreational facilities (2) protect natural landscape (3) protect farmland (4) conserve soil A (1) and (3) only B (1), (2), and (4) only C (2), (3), and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 387 The quality of water around Mai Po area has been deteriorating. This is mainly due to increase in (1) domestic wastes from urban areas (2) agricultural wastes from nearby farms (3) spillage of oil from nearby factories (4) industrial wastes in the Shenzhen River A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 388 The reason for the low urban population density at the city centre in a large city include (1) high bid rent ability of residential land use (2) high land values and rents in the city centre (3) lack of residential facilities in the city centre (4) limited space in the city centre A (1) and (4) only B (1), (2) and (3) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 389 The Urban Renewal Authority (URA) was set up to replace the Land Development Corporation (LDC) because the LDC failed to A Make profit B Resettle residents C Improve the environment D Require owners to sell their houses ANSWER 390 The vertical expansion of the Central District in Hong Kong is due to (1) increase in land rent. (2) increase in population. (3) prestige achieved by proprietors in the construction of tall buildings. (4) economic development. A (1) and (4) only B (3) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 391 'This is the cheapest means of waste disposal. It involves the dumping of solid wastes at authorised sites'. This method is best described as A. controlled tipping B. incineration C. baling D. composting ANSWER 392 Today about __ of Hong Kong population live in public housing (rental or Home Ownership Scheme). A 30% B 40% C 50% D 60% ANSWER 393 Urban centres are ranked according to (1) size of the population (2) varieties and order of activities (3) number of years that the centres have been developed (4) the density of population A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (3) and (4) only ANSWER 394 Urban expansion takes place in Hong Kong because (1) of improvement in transportation network (2) of shortage of land in inner urban area (3) of rural-urban migration from China (4) urban planning A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 395 Urban sprawl means A increase in volume of intra-city traffic B vertical growth of city C expansion of built up areas into rural area D increase in the amount of abandoned farmland surrounding the urban areas ANSWER 396 We can contribute to make Hong Kong a more sustainable city by (1) using public transport instead of private cars (2) using more internet instead of meeting face to face (3) consuming less (4) saving energy and using energy efficiently A (1) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D All of the above ANSWER 397 What are in common to countries with high level of urbanization? (1) Industrialized countries (2) Agriculture in these countries is efficient and mechanised (3) Large population (4) Located in mid-latitudes A (1) and (3) only B (2) and (3) only C (1), (2) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 398 What are the characteristics of an urban area? (1) An urban area provides many services (2) The work-force is involved in mainly primary and secondary activities (3) An urban area has distinct land use zones (4) As an urban area grows in size, land use changes take place within it A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D All of the above ANSWER 399 What are the common characteristics of countries where conurbations have developed? (1) Efficient inter-city transport linkage (2) High level of urbanization (3) Located in mid-latitudes (4) Rapid population growth A (1) and (4) only B (1), (2) and (3) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 400 What are the common characteristics of industries that locate near the city centre? (1) Small industrial units (2) Light industries (3) Need frequent personal contact with customers (4) Often mixed with residential use A (1) and (4) only B (2) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 401 What are the consequences of urbanisation? (1) Population becomes more concentrated. (2) More people will be employed in industrial and tertiary sectors. (3) Less people will be employed in the farming sector. (4) Living standard will be higher than before. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 402 Which of the classic urban landscape models can best explain the east-west urban development at the northern part of Hong Kong Island? A concentric model B sector model C multiple nuclei model D concentric-sector model ANSWER 403 Which of the following are being done for the new airport project? (1) reclamation (2) importation of foreign labour (3) building new highway, railway, bridges and tunnels (4) development of a new town near the new airport A (1), (3) B (1), (2), (4) C (2), (3), (4) D (1), (2), (3), (4) ANSWER 404 Which of the following are common environmental hazards of air pollution? (1) lead poisoning (2) deoxygenation (3) radioactive emission (4) photochemical smog A (1) and (3) only B (1), (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 405 Which of the following are common problems in slum? (1) Poor lighting and ventilation (2) Poor accessibility (3) Urban decay (4) Fire A (1) and (3) only B (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 406 Which of the following are common problems in squatter settlement? (1) Poor accessibility (2) Urban decay (3) Landslide (4) Fire A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (4) only D (1), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 407 Which of the following are correctly matched? (1) SO2 - incinerators, factories and power plant (2) CO - motor vehicle (3) lead - motor vehicle A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER 408 Which of the following are rural push factors? (1) Not enough farmland (2) Food shortages (3) Higher living standards in the cities (4) Rural debt and poverty A (1), (2) and (4) only B (1), (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D All of the above ANSWER 409 Which of the following are the characteristics of a city system? (1) Urban dwellers consume a lot of natural resources and energy (2) The ecosystems in the city is undisturbed (3) Large amount of domestic and industrial sewage and waste are produced (4) Environmental problems in the city will have harmful effects on human health and economic development A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 410 Which of the following are the main reasons for the reduction in the amount of agricultural land in Hong Kong in the last (2)5 years? (1) Urban sprawl (2) Increase dependence on imported foodstuffs (3) Soil erosion and infertility (4) Increase mechanization of farming A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 411 Which of the following are urban pull factors? (1) Rural debt and poverty (2) Better education facilities (3) More job opportunities (4) Better medical care A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 412 Which of the following are ways of treating solid wastes in Hong Kong? (1) incineration (2) landfill (3) recycling (4) filtering A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (3) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 413 Which of the following areas in Hong Kong are examples of mixed commercial and residential land use? (1) Central District (2) Wan Chai (3) Sham Shui Po (4) Shatin A (1) and (2) B (1) and (4) C (2) and (3) D (3) and (4) ANSWER 414 Which of the following best describes an urban sprawl? A A conurbation B The outward expansion of a city into surrounding farmland C Urban areas with many open spaces D The growth of high-rise buildings in the suburbs ANSWER 415 Which of the following best distinguish urban and rural settlements? (1) population size (2) population density (3) function of settlement (4) location A (1) and (4) only B (3) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 416 Which of the following can be found in Yau Ma Tei? (1) pre-war private buildings (2) squatter area (3) slum (4) decayed public housing estates A (1), (3) B (1), (2), (4) C (2), (3), (4) D (1), (2), (3), (4) ANSWER 417 Which of the following characterize the mixed land use of Hong Kong? (1) Small workshops find at the ground floor of residential buildings (2) Schools and shops can be found (3) The multiple land uses found in this area are a direct result of government planning (4) Industry predominates over other activities A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (4) only C (3) and (4) only D (1), (2) and (4) only ANSWER 418 Which of the following correctly describe the CBD in Hong Kong? (1) There are low order retailing shops (2) There are high order retailing shops (3) The land value is the highest (4) There are high class residential flats A (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (3) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 419 Which of the following has the highest population density? A CBD B zone in transition C public housing D new town ANSWER 420 Which of the following have caused rural-urban migration? (1) The mechanization of agriculture (2) Low income in rural areas (3) Drought and famine (4) Better living conditions in the city A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 421 Which of the following hinders Hong Kong from developing into a sustainable city? A The income of the less well-off group is decreasing at a significant rate B The price of housing units is dropping C The growth of private cars is slowing down D The growth of electricity consumption is slowing down ANSWER 422 Which of the following indicate water pollution? (1) low turbidity (2) red tide (3) low dissolved oxygen level (4) high water temperature A (1) only B (1) and (3) only C (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 423 Which of the following is not a cause of urbanisation? A. rural-urban migration B. natural growth C. development of new towns D. urban renewal ANSWER 424 Which of the following is not a characteristics of the early public housing estates in the 1960s? A They were built for the middle class. B Population density was high. C Many facilities were shared. D They were built quickly. ANSWER 425 Which of the following is not an effective way to solve air pollution? A replace oil with coal to generate electricity B replace incineration with land filling C replace motor cars or bus with mass transit railway D control the use of fossil fuel ANSWER 426 Which of the following is the correct arrangement of urban centres in descending order? (1) conurbation (2) megalopolis (3) town (4) city A. (1), (2), (3), (4) B. (2), (1), (4), (3) C. (2), (4), (3), (1) D. (4), (3), (1), (2) ANSWER 427 Which of the following is the major obstacle in redeveloping the old urban areas in Hong Kong ? A. lack of capital investment B. difficulty in land resumption C. lack of government¡¦s support D. preservation of historical relics ANSWER 428 Which of the following land uses make up the largest land use percentage of the built up area of a city? A CBD B Industrial C Residential D Transportation ANSWER 429 Which of the following land uses may offer the highest bid rent in the suburb of a city? A commercial B industrial C low class residential D high class residential ANSWER 430 Which of the following measures have been / are to be taken by the government to control air pollution in Hong Kong? (1) banning leaded petrol (2) encouraging LPG taxis (3) developing railway (4) relocating industries to China A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 431 Which of the following measures have been adopted to control pollution in the new towns? (1) setting up of incinerators (2) setting up power plants (3) setting up of sewage treatment plants (4) zoning of land use A. (4) only B. (1) and (2) only C. (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 432 Which of the following measures have been taken by the government to control air pollution in Hong Kong? (1) encouraging the use of coal in power generation (2) declaring air control zones (3) promote LPG taxies (4) moving polluting industries to China A. (1) and (3) only B. (2) and (3) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 433 Which of the following measures have been taken by the HK government to reduce the pollution problems in urban area ? (1) legislative control against pollution sources (2) decentralisation of population to the New Territories (3) relocation of industry to the outlying area (4) educating citizens to keep the environment clean A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (2), (4) C. (1), (3), (4) D. (2), (3), (4) ANSWER 434 Which of the following new towns do NOT have a coastal location? (1) Tuen Mun (2) Yuen Long (3) Tseung Kwan O (4) Fanling / Sheung Shui A (1) and (3) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 435 Which of the following statements help explain the recent increase in pollution? (1) The world population has grown. (2) There has been an increase in factory industries. (3) Farming has become more intensive. (4) The number of motor vehicles has increased. A (1) and (4) only B (1), (2) and (3) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 436 Which word describes a rural settlement over a wide area? A Clustered B Dispersed C Linear D Nucleated ANSWER 437 Why are there distortions to the concentric ring pattern? (1) presence of a road (2) differences in relief (3) differences in soil (4) differences in transport cost A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER
Part 6 + Part 12 Industry + Choice of power ____________________________________________________________
438 An example of footloose industry is A computer manufacturing B shipbuilding C furniture making D fashion making ANSWER 439 Coal was a strong locational factor to iron and steel industry in the past because (1) large amount of it is needed (2) it is bulky to transport (3) it caused serious pollution (4) it could not be transported by ship A (1) and (2) only B (3) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 440 'Footloose' industry refer to those whose location is A greatly affected by position of market B greatly affected by position of raw material C having a wide choice on location D always changing ANSWER 441 Fruit canning industry is ...-oriented because the ... is perishable. A. raw material, raw material B. raw material, market C. market, raw material D. market, market ANSWER 442 Industrial inertia is related to (1) possession of goodwill and reputation (2) emergence of new advantages (3) difficult to write off the fixed assets (4) well-established production and service linkages A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 443 Industries that __ are located near the source of raw material. (1) use bulky raw materials (2) use fragile raw materials (3) use perishable raw materials (4) are weight-gaining A (1) only B (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 444 Iron and steel industry prefers to locate at market sites in spite of the very bulky raw materials used because (1) steel making has a marked weight increase during manufacturing (2) transport cost of finished products is even more expensive than cost of moving raw materials (3) market sites have better infrastructure to reduce greatly the production cost (4) modern steel mills use only scrap iron A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 445 Iron and steel industry was concentrated in Northeast China before 1949 because of (1) the abundant supply of iron ore at Anshan. (2) good network of railway constructed by the Japanese (3) the availability of good quality coking coal at Fushun and Fuxin (4) foreign investment and control A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 446 Iron and steel industry was concentrated in Northeast China before 1949 because of (1) the abundant supply of iron ore at Anshan. (2) good network of railway constructed with the help of the Japanese. (3) the availability of good quality coking coal at Fushun and Fuxin. (4) foreign investment and control. A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 447 It is a renewable energy resource. It is pollution-free. It is common in small-scale applications for domestic use. For large scale production, high initial cost is needed but it is probably cheap in the long run. Which of the following energy resources is best described by the above paragraph? A solar energy B wind energy C nuclear energy D hydro-electric power ANSWER 448 Light industries may be located away from the sources of raw material because A areas of raw material supply are usually lacking in large labour supply B their raw materials are usually perishable C their costs of procurement and distribution are usually smaller D they produce high-valued goods ANSWER 449 Modern integrated steelworks have greater choice on locations than steelworks built in the past, because they now need A smaller quantities of coal in making each tonne of steel B a less skilled labour force after the adoption of automatic production C less extensive site for the steel plant D oil as the major fuel in iron smelting ANSWER 450 More integrated iron and steel works are more flexible in their relocation because: A less extensive flat land is required B less skilled labour force is needed with automation C smaller quantities of coal are required per tones of steel produced D smaller quantities of water are required for cooling per tonne of steel produced ANSWER 451 Most people in the USA work in secondary and tertiary sectors. The best explanations are (1) Most food is imported. (2) People are better educated. (3) There is a high level of technology and mechanization. (4) People have higher income and demand more manufactured goods and services. A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 452 The advantages of an integrated steelwork include (1) large scale of production (2) less capital investment (3) efficient management (4) time saving (5) less labour required A (4) and (5) only B (1), (2) and (5) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3), (4) and (5) only ANSWER 453 The best examples of material oriented industries include (1) cheese and butter industry in New Zealand (2) garment industry in Hong Kong (3) meat packing industry in Australia (4) shipbuilding in Japan A (1) and (4) only B (2) and (3) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 454 The best examples of material oriented industries include (1) dairy industry in New Zealand (2) garment industry in Hong Kong (3) meat packing industry in Australia (4) shipbuilding in Japan A (1) and (4) only B (2) and (3) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 455 The causes of water pollution arising from oil transport include (1) fracture of pipelines. (2) oil spillage from oil tankers. (3) washing of oil tankers. (4) warfare in the Persian Gulf. A (1) and (2) only B (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 456 The change in the locational pattern of iron and steel industry in Japan after the war was mainly due to A government policy B shift of market C industrial inertia D technological improvement ANSWER 457 The Chinese government influenced the location of iron and steel industry because it wanted to (1) redistribute the population (2) protect the industry in times of war (3) achieve a balanced proportion of heavy and light industries (4) achieve a more balanced economic development A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 458 The disadvantages of nuclear energy include the following except A its non-renewable nature B problem of disposal of nuclear waste C high operational costs D risks of large scale environmental hazards ANSWER 459 The distribution of iron and steel plants in China helps to (1) exploit local raw materials (2) serve local market (3) achieve regional economic balance (4) reduce concentration of industries along the coast A (1) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 460 The distribution pattern of sugar refining industry is a A material-oriented industry B weight-gaining industry C labour-oriented industry D footloose industry ANSWER 461 The iron and steel industry in NW China is facing many difficulties including (1) Lack of iron ore (2) Lack of coal (3) Long distance from big markets (4) Shortage of skilled labour A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (3) only C (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 462 The main source of power in China at present is A nuclear power B natural gas C coal D hydroelectric power ANSWER 463 The most noticeable changes in the pattern of industrial location in China from 1950s to present is (1) a westward shift of industry (2) decline of the old industrial centres with rise of the new ones (3) a more dispersed locational pattern (4) increasing concentration of industries in the north-east A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 464 The most suitable location for a factory producing a low-bulk, high-value products for the national market would be A near a coalfield B in the centre of a large city C alongside a river mouth D near a junction of motorways ANSWER 465 The rapid growth of population in the interior provinces of China since 1950 was due to A. high birth rate B. high life expectancy C. planned migration D. baby boom ANSWER 466 The reasons for the Chinese government to decentralise its steel industry are (1) to achieve a local self-sufficiency (2) for strategic reasons (3) the setting up of steel industry would help to develop the natural resources in the interior provinces (4) to equalise living standard between regions A (2) and (3) only B (3) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 467 The reasons for the high concentration of the iron and steel industry in the north-east of China up to 1949 were (1) the region had local deposits of coal, iron ore and limestone (2) the region was occupied by the Japanese and steel was exported to Japan (3) Many heavy engineering industries using steel grew up in this region (4) The central government had a Five-Year Plan aimed at developing that region A (1) and (3) only B (1) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 468 The relocation of industries from Hong Kong to other parts of South China is a result of (1) Abundant skilled labour supply in Zhu Jiang Delta (2) Diversification of industries (3) Improvement in transport (4) Rising labour costs in Hong Kong A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (3) and (4) only ANSWER 469 Today modern integrated iron and steel works are more flexible in their location than in the past. One of the reasons is A less extensive areas of flat land are required. B less skilled labour force is needed as a result of automation. C smaller quantities of coal are required per tonne of steel produced. D smaller quantities of water are required for cooling per tonne of steel produced. ANSWER 470 We need to find alternative energy resources because (1) we shall need more energy in the future as the population grows (2) we will use up all the reserves of coal and oil (3) fossil fuels cost too much to produce (4) the use of fossil fuels pollute and damage the environment A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 471 What are the disadvantages of the pre-1949 distribution pattern of steel industry in China? A Imbalanced economic development between regions B The industry was developed too far from coalfields C Coal and iron ore in the region would be used up soon D Lack of deep water ports for import of raw materials ANSWER 472 What are the favourable factors for the dense population along the coast? (1) flatland (2) water supply (3) moderate climate (4) cheap transport A (1) and (4) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 473 What are the main reasons for the development of Lanzhou and Xi'an into major industrial centres in China since 1950? (1) to lower cost of production (2) to diversify industry (3) to achieve local self-sufficiency (4) strategic considerations A (1) and (2) only B (3) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 474 What are the objectives of the population redistribution in China? (1) to exploit natural resources in the W (2) to integrate ethnic minorities (3) for military reason A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3) ANSWER 475 What are the reasons for the changing locational pattern of iron and steel industry in China after 1949? (1) military consideration (2) lower cost of production (3) regional economic balance (4) diversification A (1) and (2) B (1) and (3) C (2) and (3) D (2) and (4) ANSWER 476 What are the three main raw materials and power resources required in iron and steel industry? (1) iron ore (2) coal (3) limestone (4) copper (5) oil A (1), (2) and (3) B (1), (2) and (4) C (2), (3) and (4) D (3), (4) and (5) ANSWER 477 What environmental damage has been caused by the use of fossil fuels? (1) Acid rain has killed trees and polluted lakes (2) More carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is leading to a rise in world temperatures (3) Fossil fuels are being rapidly used up (4) They have caused air and water pollution A (1), (2) and (4) only B (1), (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 478 What is the most important factor affecting the distribution of iron and steel industry in China after 1949? A raw material B market C power D institution (government) ANSWER 479 What is the most important factor affecting the present distribution of iron and steel industry in China? A. transport B. institution C. raw materials D. labour ANSWER 480 Which of the following are factors for Lanzhou to become an important iron and steel centre? (1) located at railway focus (2) it is a large river port of Huang He (3) input of government capital (4) near populated areas A. (1) and (3) only B. (1) and (2) only C. (3) and (4) only D. (2) and (4) only ANSWER 481 Which of the following are features of manufacturing industries? (1) The change of raw materials into new products (2) There are inputs of power, labour, capital and materials (3) They use power or energy to produce the finished products (4) They may be heavy or light industries A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 482 Which of the following are forces hindering the development of nuclear power in China? (1) There is a strong anti-nuclear power feeling among people (2) The cost of using nuclear power is much higher than using coal (3) Building nuclear power plants requires a huge investment and a high technology level (4) The air quality will be badly affected A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (3) only C (3) and (4) only D (1), (2) and (3) only ANSWER 483 Which of the following are inputs of a manufacturing system? (1) Raw materials (2) Land (3) Labour (4) Waste A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 484 Which of the following are market-oriented? (1) market gardening (2) iron and steel industry (3) electronics industry (4) soft-drinks industry A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 485 Which of the following are non-renewable energy resources? (1) coal (2) natural gas (3) nuclear energy (4) petroleum A (1) and (4) only B (2) and (3) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 486 Which of the following are non-renewable energy resources? (1) Coal (2) Hydroelectric power (3) Natural gas (4) Oil A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 487 Which of the following are renewable energy? (1) Hydroelectric power (2) Tidal power (3) Coal (4) Solar power A (1) and (3) only B (2) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 488 Which of the following are the changes in the distribution of iron and steel industry in China after 1949? (1) a westward shift of industry (2) a more dispersed locational pattern (3) decline of old steelworks replaced by new ones (4) increasing concentration of industries in Northeast China A (1) and (2) B (1) and (3) C (2) and (3) D (2) and (4) ANSWER 489 Which of the following are the characteristics of a footloose industries? (1) It is labour intensive. (2) It is not tied to a particular location. (3) Its products are of low value. (4) It is usually associated with light industry. A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (4) only D (3) and (4) only ANSWER 490 Which of the following are the disadvantages of tidal power stations ? (1) shipping journeys and fishing activities may be disrupted (2) they are expensive to build (3) they can generate electricity only when the weather is good (4) they can only be used in narrow tidal estuaries A. (2), (3) only B. (1), (2), (4) only C. (1), (3), (4) only D. all ANSWER 491 Which of the following best explain why heavy industries are not well developed in Hong Kong? A lack of capital B lack of flatland C lack of power resources D lack of good transport facilities ANSWER 492 Which of the following descriptions of solar energy are CORRECT? (1) It is a renewable energy resource. (2) It is pollution-free. (3) It is suitable for small-scale development for domestic use. (4) Large-scale development is cheap. A (1) and (2) only B (3) and (4) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 493 Which of the following energy resources are renewable? (1) hydro-electric power (2) natural gas (3) geothermal power (4) nuclear energy A (1) and (3) only B (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 494 Which of the following factors of industrial location has significantly gained in importance due to improvements in the technology of transport in modern times? A Labour supply B Market C Power resource D Raw materials ANSWER 495 Which of the following industries and their orientation are correctly paired? (1) bakery - raw material-oriented (2) brewing - market-oriented (3) fruit canning - raw material-oriented (4) aluminium smelting - power-oriented A (1) and (2) only B (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 496 Which of the following industries are heavy industries? (1) Aircraft engineering (2) Car making (3) Ship-building (4) Iron and steel A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 497 Which of the following industries are market-oriented industries? (1) Bakeries (2) Soft drink manufacturing (3) Timber milling (4) Furniture making A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 498 Which of the following industries are power-oriented industries? (1) Pulp and paper making (2) Electronic assembly industries (3) Aluminium smelting (4) Textile industries A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 499 Which of the following industries is likely to be located near the centre of a city? A Sugar refining B Breweries C Shipbuilding D Iron and steel manufacturing ANSWER 500 Which of the following iron and steel centres developed as major iron and steel centres between 1950 and 1970? A Baotou and Baoshan B Baoshan and Wuhan C Baotou and Wuhan D Kunming and Chengdu ANSWER 501 Which of the following is NOT available in Hong Kong for the growth of manufacturing industry? A Good transport facilities B Technology C Raw materials D Capital ANSWER 502 Which of the following is the biggest iron and steel centre in China? A Lanzhou B Anshan C Beijing D Baoshan ANSWER 503 Which of the following may favour the development of HEP? (1) fast flowing river (2) plenty of rain (3) mountainous nature (4) winding river A (1), (2) and (3) only B (2), (3) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (1), (2) and (4) only ANSWER 504 Which of the following processes give out energy? (1) evaporation of water into water vapour (2) condensation of water vapour into water (3) freezing of water into ice (4) melting of ice into water A (1) and (3) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 505 Which of the following region in China is sparsely populated? (1) Xizang (2) Sichuan (3) Xinjiang (4) Xi Jiang Basin A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (4) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 506 Which of the following statement best describes the term industrial inertia? A the movement of industry to the coast B the closing down of a long established industry C the continuation of an industry after the exhaustion of local raw materials D the failure of an industry to meet the changing needs of a large market ANSWER 507 Which of the following statements about Anshan are correct? (1) It is in Liaoning (2) The Anshan Steel Works employed more than 190,000 workers in the early 1990s (3) Local coking coal and iron ore were important locational factors (4) It is one of the major light industrial regions in China A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (3) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 508 Which of the following statements about the Baoshan iron and steel mill are correct? (1) It lies in Anhui (2) It is located on flat alluvial land at the mouth of the Chang Jiang (3) It is now the largest steel producer in China (4) It is a modern integrated iron and steel mill A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER 509 Which of the following statements are true? (1) Hydroelectric power is one of the main renewable energy (2) Geothermal power is generated in areas of active vulcanicity (3) Trees is the main source of fuel in less developed countries (4) The sun, wind and tide are non-renewable energy A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D All of the above ANSWER 510 Which of the following statements are true? (1) Solar energy is the most important renewable energy resource (2) Hydroelectric power can only be generated where there is an abundant water supply (3) Nuclear power will be the most important type of power in the near future A (1) only B (2) only C (3) only D (1) and (2) only ANSWER 511 Which of the following types of industry is most likely to attract other industries to locate near to it? A Iron & steel industry B Petroleum refining C Pulp industry D Textile industry ANSWER 512 Why are heavy industries often located near the coast? (1) They use sea water as raw material (2) They need large areas of flat land and this can be reclaimed from the sea (3) Bulky raw materials are used and sea transport costs less than land transport (4) The manufactured goods can be transported to markets by sea A (2) and (3) only B (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D All of the above ANSWER 513 Why did the central government try to relocate industry in the inland areas? (1) The concentration of industry in the north-east was vulnerable to attack in times of war (2) To build new industries near inland areas of raw materials (3) To reduce the transport costs of exported manufactured goods (4) To meet the industrial needs of the inland regions A (1), (2) and (4) only B (1), (3) and (4) only C (2), (3) and (4) only D All of the above ANSWER 514 Why does the Chinese government strongly interfere the location of iron and steel industry? (1) strategic consideration (2) to reduce cost of production (3) for regional economic balance (4) diversification of industry A (1) and (3) only B (1) and (4) only C (2) and (3) only D (2) and (4) only ANSWER 515 Why has nuclear power NOT developed as quickly as expected as an alternative energy resource? (1) Solar energy has become more important (2) The Chernobyl reactor accident has made some countries change from nuclear to other energy sources (3) A lot of uranium is needed for fuel (4) Nuclear waste disposal is a problem A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (3) only C (2) and (4) only D (1), (2) and (4) only ANSWER 516 Why is iron and steel industry widely developed in China? (1) It is a major export of the country. (2) It is considered as the core of industrial development. (3) The products are raw materials for other industries. (4) It is so developed to achieve decentralisation. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (2), (3) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) ANSWER 517 Why is the development of light industries more suitable than heavy industries in Hong Kong? (1) Light industries demand less space and can be accommodated in flatted factory buildings. (2) Products of light industries are of higher value that can cover the transport cost of assembling raw materials and distributing finished products. (3) Light industries can employ labour intensive production methods which make advantage of Hong Kong's cheap labour. (4) Raw materials of light industries are not so heavy and can be imported from distant sources. A (1), (2) and (3) only B (1), (2) and (4) only C (1), (3) and (4) only D (2), (3) and (4) only ANSWER