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BIBLIOGRAPHY

A mere list of names would be worse than useless to the reader, and he can hardly be expected to read through all the authorities for himself. No attempt has been made to criticize them in detail, but brief comments have been added for the guidance of the reader regarding the more controversial books and pamphlets quoted. A severe verdict upon a particular author's attitude towards the nationalities does not necessarily involve a condemnation of his views on other historical questions.

Those books which are marked with an asterisk may safely be regarded as indispensable to a study of the question, and I have therefore dispensed with all further comment upon them, as also upon the stan­dard works cited in the first section.

I cannot emphasize too strongly the fact that a comparison of the Hungarian Laws with the official statistics published by the Govern­ment and with the public speeches of Hungarian statesmen, supply the real clue to the results at which I have arrived.

(N.B. — Wherever a German or other translation is available I have cited it by preference, since the reader cannot be expected to consult Magyar, Czech or Slovak originals.)

(1) GENERAL HUNGARIAN HISTORY

Fessler, Ignaz Aurelius. Geschichte von Ungarn. 2nd ed. 5 vols. Leipzig, 1877.

Mailáth, Graf Joseph. Geschichte der Magyaren. 2nd ed. 5 vols. Regensburg, 1852-3.

Szalay, Ludwig. Geschichte Ungarns. 3 vols. Pest, 1866-74.

Horváth, Michael. 25 Jahre aus der Geschichte Ungarns. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1867.

Csuday, Eugen. Die Geschichte der Ungarn. 2 vols. Pressburg, 1900.

Sayous, Edouard. Histoire Générale des Hongrois. Paris. No date.

Leger, Louis. Histoire de l'Autriche-Hongrie. 1st ed. Paris, 1879 ; later editions revised.

Helfert, Joseph Alexander Freiherr von. Geschichte Oesterreichs vom Ausgange des Wiener October-Aufstandes 1848. 4 vols. Prag and Leipzig, 1869-86.

——— Geschichte der österreichischen Revolution im Zusammen­hange mit der mitteleuropäischen Bewegung der Jahre 1848-9. Vol. i. (bis April 25, 1848). Freiburg, i. B. 1907.

Springer, Anton. Geschichte Oesterreichs seit dem Wiener Frieden, 1809. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1863.

Rogge, Walter. Oesterreich von Világos bis zur Gegenwart. 3 vols. Vienna, 1872.

Rogge, Walter. Oesterreich seit der Katastrophe Hohenwart-Beusl. 2 vols. Vienna, 1879.

Krones, Franz von. Geschichte der Neuzeit Oesterreichs. Berlin, 1879.

Friedjung, Heinrich. Der Kampf um die Vorherrschaft in Deutsch­land. 2 vols. Stuttgart.

——— Oesterreich von 1848 bis 1860. vol. i. (1848-51). Stuttgart, 1908.

Marczali, Henrik. A legújabb kor története (History of the most Recent Times). Budapest, 1892.

Márki, Alexander, and Beksics, Gustav. A Modern Magyarország, 1848-96 (Modern Hungary), forming vol. x.of "A Magyar Nemzet Története (History of the Hungarian Nation), ed. by Alexander Szilágyi. Budapest, 1898.

(2) CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL

* Corpus Juris Hungarici. Editio Millenaria. Lipsiae, 1901-2.

* Landesgesetzsammlung. Amtliche Ausgabe, 1865-7, 1868, etc. (Published at first by Moriz Rath, afterwards by Ludwig Toldi, in Budapest.)

* Gesetzartikel des ungarischen Reichstages, 1847-8. Pest, 1848. Der ungarische Reichstag von 1861. 3 vols. . Pest, 1861. (Report of debates, with appendix of documents.)

Steinbach, Gustav. Die ungarischen Verfassungsgesetze. Vienna (Manz), 1900. Useful pocket edition.

Die Zertrümmerung des siebenbürgischen Sachsenlandes. (German translation of parliamentary debates, 1876.)

Die Magyarisirung in Ungarn. Munich, 1879. (German transla­tion of the debates on the Education Bill of 1879.)

Der siebenbürgische Landtag. Protokoll und Reden. Hermann­stadt, 1863.

Aemtliche Actenstücke betreffend die Verhandlung über die Union Siebenbürgens mit dem Königreich Ungarn. Hermannstadt, 1865.

See also Stenographie Reports of the Hungarian Parliament, the Austrian Reichsrath, and the Austrian and Hungarian Delega­tions.

————————————

*Andrassy, Graf Julius, jun. Ungarns Ausgleich mit Oesterreich. Leipzig, 1897. A brilliant and convincing plaidoyer against the very policy which its author subsequently adopted.

Beksics, Gusztáv. A Dualismus. Budapest, 1892. (Historical and constitutional studies by a representative Liberal. See p. 175.)

Bertha, A. de. La Constitution Hongroise. Paris, 1898. Based on Radó-Rothfeld (q.v.). Its attitude to the nationalities is contained in the phrase, "ľidéal de ľavenir, c'est 1'assimilation des races, c'est ľunité nationale" (p. 140).

* Bidermann. Geschichte der öesterreichischen Gesammtstaatsidee, 1526-1804. 2 vols. Innsbruck, 1867, 1889.

Cziráky. Conspectus publici juris regni Hungáriáé ad annum 1848. Vienna, 1851.

Deák, Franz. Ein Beitrag zum ungarischen Staatsrecht. Pest, 1865. (A brilliant answer to Lustkandl's book [q.v.]).

Die wahre Rechtscontinuität in der ungarischen Frage. 1864. (Non­Magyar.)

* Eisenmann, Louis. Le Compromis Austro-Hongrois de 1867. Paris, 1904. (Absolutely indispensable.)

Friedjung, Heinrich, Der Ausgleich mit Ungarn. Leipzig, 1877.

Helfert, J. A. Freiherr von. Revision des ungarischen Ausgleichs, Vienna, 1876.

Jellinek. Die Lehre von den Staatenverbindungen. Vienna, 1882.

———— Rechte der Minoritäten. Vienna, 1889.

Kmety. A Magyar Közjog Tankönyve. (Manual of Hungarian Public Law. 2nd ed. Budapest, 1902.

Lowell, A. L. Governments and Parties in Continental Europe. London. No date. (Vol. ii. contains a concise summary of the Hungarian Constitution.)

Lustkandl, Wenzel. Das ungarisch-österreichische Staatsrecht. Zur Lösung der Verfassungsfrage. Historisch-dogmatisch darge­stellt. Vienna, 1863. (The official Austrian standpoint under Schmerling.)

Maithstein, Wildner von. Ungarns Verfassung. Leipzig, 1843. (In­volved its author in an acrimonious controversy with Louis Kossuth.)

Palacky, Franz. Oesterreichs Staatsidee. Prag, 1876. (Contains Palacky's famous Federal proposals.)

* Polner, Ödön. Magyarország és Ausztria közjogi Viszonya. (The constitutional relations of Hungary and Austria.) Budapest, 1891. (A standard Magyar work.)

Radó-Rothfeld, S. Die ungarische Verfassung. Berlin, 1898. Ex­tremely misleading on the racial question, but contains useful documents.

Scharberg, B. von. Die Verfassung Siebenbürgens. Vienna, 1844. * Schuler-Libloy, Friedrich. Siebenbürgisclie Rechtsgeschichte, 3 vols, Hermannstadt, 1868.

———— Das ungarische Staatsrecht. Vienna, 1870.

* Springer, Rudolf (Dr. Carl Renner). Der Kampf der oesterreichischen Nationen um den Staat. Leipzig, 1902.

* ———— Grundlagen und Entwicklungsziele der österreichisch-ungari­schen Monarchie. Vienna, 1906.

———— Die Krise des Dualismus. Vienna, 1904.

Tezner, Friedrich. Die Wandlungen der österreichisch-ungarischen Reichsidee. Vienna, 1905. (Strongly Austrian.)

* Timon, Ákos von. Ungarische Verfassungs und Rechtsgeschichte. Berlin, 1904.

Ulbrich, J. Das öesterreichische Staatsrecht. 3rd ed. Tübingen, 1904. (Contains references to Hungary also.)

*Virozsil, Dr. Anton von. Das Staatsrecht des Königreichs Ungarn. 3 vols. Pest, 1865.

(3) STATISTICAL

* Ungarisches Statistisches Jahrbuch, from 1890 onwards. (Published by Royal Statistical Bureau, on behalf of the Minister of Com­merce. Invaluable.)

Das ungarische Unterrichtswesen am Beginne des Jahres 1875.

(Report of Minister of Education to Parliament.) Budapest, 1877.

* Das ungarische Unterrichtswesen am Schlüsse des Schuljahres, 1877-8. (Im Auftrage des k. u. Min. für Kultus und Unterricht) dargestellt von Dr. J. H. Schwicker. Budapest, 1879. Continued annually till the present day.

L'enseignement en Hongrie. (Min. Roy. des Cultes et de l'Instruction publique.) Budapest, 1900.

Education in Hungary. (Published by Ministry of Religion and Public Instruction.) Budapest, 1908. Both these volumes are extremely misleading. See criticism on pp. 208, 218-19.

Czoernig. Ethnographie der österreichischen Monarchie. 3 vols. Vienna, 1857.

Ficker. Di« Volkstämme der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie. Vienna, 1869.

* Fényes, A. Statistik des Königreichs Ungarn. 3 parts. Pest, 1843.

———— Ungarn im Vormärz. Leipzig, 1851.

Hickmann, Prof. A. L. Geographisch-statistisches Universaltaschen­atlas. Vienna, 1902.

Horn, Julius. Das Königreich Ungarn. Pest, 1864.

Jekelfalussy, J. The Millennium of Hungary and its People. Buda­pest, 1897. (Issued in English by the Ministry of Commerce. Misleading.)

Schwartner. Statistik des Königreichs Ungarn. 3 parts.

Pusztay. Die Ungarn in ihrem Staats- und Nationalwesen. Leipzig, 1843-

(4) THE RACIAL QUESTION

* Auerbach, Bertrand. Les Races et les Nationalités en Autriche-Hongrie. Paris, 1898.

Argus. Nemzetiségi Politikánk Hibái és Bünéi (The Faults and Crimes of our Policy towards the Nationalities). Budapest, 1908. (Written by a Roumanian publicist who stands half­way between the Government and the Nationalities.)

* Balogh, Pál. Népfajok Magyarországon (Races in Hungary), 1902.

Baloghy, Ernő. A Magyar Kultúra és a Nemzetiségek (Magyar Culture and the Nationalities). Budapest, 1908. (Upholds the unbending Magyar view, "Our nationalities cannot substitute any other culture for the Magyar, for there is not and cannot be a special Serb, Roumanian or Slovak culture" p. 210.)

Bánffy, Baron Dezső. A Magyar Nemzetiségi Politika (The Magyar Policy towards the Nationalities). Budapest, 1902. (The ultra-Chauvinist view of "no-quarter.")

Bauer, Otto. Die Nationalitätenfrage und die Sozialdemokratie. Vienna, 1908. (A masterly analysis of the question, from the Socialist standpoint: but would have produced far more effect if it had been compressed to less than half its size.)

* Bidermann. La loi hongroise sur les Nationalités (Revue de Droit International.) I. (1869), pp. 513-49 ; II. (1870), pp. 20-37.

Bidermann. Russische Umtriebe in Ungarn. Innsbruck, 1867. (Based on research.)

Boldényi. Le Magyarisme ou la Guerre des Nationalités en Hongrie. Paris, 1850. (Highly instructive, because of its violence: written from the standpoint that in all the Habsburg dominions "la nation reelle et unique c'est le peuple Magyar.")

Charmatz, Richard. Deutsch-Oesterreichische Politik. Leipzig, 1907. (Studies on Liberalism, Federalism and Foreign Policy in the Dual Monarchy, from a German Radical standpoint.)

Chéradame, André. L'Europe et la question d'Autriche au seuil du XX^e siécle. Paris, 1902.

———— L'Allemagne, la France et la question d'Autriche. Paris, 1901. (Both are obsessed by the Pan-Prussian nightmare, and by a baseless fear of the break-up of the Dual Monarchy.)

* Eötvös, Baron Joseph. Über die Gleichberechtigung der Nationali­täten in Gestenreich. Vienna, 1850.

———— Die Garantien der Macht und Einheit Oesterreichs. Leipzig, 1859.

———— Die Nationalitätenfrage. Pest, 1865.

———— Der Einfluss der herrschenden Ideen des XIXten Jahrhun­derts auf den Staat. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1854.

Fadejew, General Rostislaw. Neueste Schriften. Leipzig and Vienna, 1871. (One of the ablest Russian exponents of Pan-Slav theory.) * Gumplowicz, Ludwig. Das Recht der Nationalitäten und Sprachen in Oesterreich-Ungarn. Innsbruck, 1879.

Henry, René. Questions d'Autriche-Hongrie et Question d'Orient. Paris, 1903.

———— Des Monts de Boheme au Golfe Persique. Paris, 1908. (The former is greatly superior to the latter.)

* Hunfalvy, Paul. Ethnographie von Ungarn. Budapest, 1877.

* Hungaricus. Das magyarische Ungarn und der Dreibund. Munich, 1899. (A very able Roumanian plaidoyer.)

Láng, Louis. Les Nationalités en Hongrie et en Autriche (Revue Politique, vol. xviii., pp. 30-59).

* Mercator. Die Nationalitätenfrage und die ungarische Reichsidee. Budapest, 1908. (A pamphlet of great ability and moderation, by a Magyar politician who advocates fair play towards the nationalities.

Mocsáry, Louis. Nemzetiség (Nationality). Pest, 1858.

———— A Válság (The Crisis). Eger, 1906. (For forty years past Mr. Mocsáry has been the only Magyar who dared to raise his voice in defence of the nationalities.)

Oesterreich und die südslavische Bewegung, von K. von Th. Leip­zig, 1876.

Petrovic, Alexander. Die madjarischen Sonderbestrebungen im Reiche der Habsburger. Berlin, 1904. (A well-written and highly suggestive account of modern Hungarian politics, by a former head of the Press bureau of the Servian Foreign Office.)

Pogodin. Politische Briefe aus Russland. Leipzig, 1860. (By a real Russian Pansláv.)

* Popovici, Aurel. Die Vereinigten Staaten von Gross-Oesterreich. Leipzig, 1906. (A work of great originality and importance, based on wide reading in most European languages, but marred by political phantasy and a violent hatred of the Magyars, which is explained by his unjust and cruel treatment at their hands.)

Rumäne, Ein. Die Sprachen und Nationalitätenfrage in Oesterreich. 2nd ed. Vienna, 1860. (Directed against "the Magyar national state.")

Sydačoff, Bresnitz von. Die panslavistische Agitation und die süd-slavische Bewegung in Oesterreich-Ungarn. Berlin, 1900.

———— Die Wahrheit über Ungarn. Berlin, 1903. (A violent and somewhat scurrilous writer, who blends Wahrheit and Dichtung in a highly ingenious manner ; but gives numerous interesting facts not obtainable elsewhere. The only book I have found where the possibilities of the Slovak movement are frankly faced.)

Vrba, Rudolf. Der Nationalitäten — und Verfassungsconflict in Oesterreich. Prag, 1900. (A Czech point of view.)

* Winkler, Heinrich. Skizzen aus dem Völkerleben. Berlin, 1903. (Based upon an intimate knowledge of the Magyar language and the Magyar people.)

(a) the slovaks

Apologie des ungrischen Slavismus. von S. H. Leipzig, 1843. (Letters addressed to Kossuth as editor of Pesti Hirlap: moderate and reasonable.)

Aeltere und neuere Magyarisirungsversuche in Ungarn. Prag, 1876. (Well-informed but bitter ; deals almost exclusively with the Slovaks. Written by a Slovak Lutheran pastor.) * Beschwerden und Klagen der Slaven in Ungarn, vorgetragen von einem ungarischen Slaven. Leipzig, 1843. (Contains transla­tion of a Chauvinist article in Társalkodó and the Circular of Count Zay to the four superintendents.)

* Borbis. Die evangelisch-lutherische Kirche Ungarns. Nordlingen, 1861. (A serious work containing the various charters of the Lutherans in Hungary.)

———— Die Märtyrerkirche der evangelisch-lutherischen Slovaken. Erlangen, 1863. (Here the author throws off all restraint and exposes Slovak grievances.)

Čapek, Thomas. The Slovaks of Hungary. (The only book in Eng­lish on the subject: based on facts and knowledge, but uncritical. The absence of references deprives it of most of its value.)

* Grünwald, Béla. A Felvidék (The Highlands). Budapest, 1878. (For criticism of this book, see notes [6], [17], [18], [20] of the Chapter VIII).

Hodža, M. M. Der Slowak : Beiträge zur Beleuchtung der slawischen Frage in Ungarn. Prag, 1848. (Written by a Slovak leader with perhaps pardonable violence, but without all sense of modera­tion or proportion, in doggerel German.)

Hurban, Svetozár, and Francisci, John. Storočna Pamiatka Narode­nia Stefana Moyšesa. Turčiansky Sv. Martin, 1897. (Biography of Bishop Moyses, with memorial poem by Hviezdoslav.)

Memorial addressed by American citizens of Slovak birth to the Hun­garian members of the Interparliamentary Peace Congress held at St. Louis, 1904 (in English, French and Magyar).

Papkoff, Alexandre. L'esclavage au centre de l'Europe, St. Peters­burg, 1889. (A protest against the forcible removal of Slovak children to Magyar districts.)

Pietor, Ambro. Nápor-Odpor. Turčiansky Sv. Martin, 1905. (Notes on Magyarization, by a former editor of the Slovak Národnie Noviny.)

* Petitionen der Serben und Slovaken vom Jahre 1861. Vienna, 1862. (Contains : (1) Resolutions passed by Serb National Congress and its Address to H. M. (2) Memorial of Slovaks to Hungarian Parliament. (3) Address of Slovak deputation to H. M. (4) Me­morial of Bishop of Neusohl to H. M.)

Sašinek, Franz. Die Slovaken. Prag, 1875. (Neither very able nor very accurate.)

Les Slaves d'Autriche ét les Magyars. Paris, 1861. (Criticizes Mag­yar Chauvinism, without being anti-Magyar, but also without stooping to facts.)

Sollen wir Magyaren werden? 5 Briefe geschrieben aus Pesth an einen Freund an der Theis. von D. H. Karlstadt (Croatia), 1833. (Singularly moderate : a superior type of pamphlet.)

Eine Stimme der Nordslaven Ungarns über Oestenreich nach der Schlacht bei Königgrätz. Vienna, 1866. (Of little value.)

Stodola, Dr. Emil. Príspevok ku Štatistike Slovenska (Contributions to Slovak Statistics). Turčiansky Sv. Martin, 1902.

(Štúr, Ljudevit). Das XIXte Jahrhundert und der Magyarismus. Leipzig, 1843. (Not worthy of Štúr.)

* Thun, Graf Leo. Die Stellung der Slovaken in Ungarn. Prag, 1843. (Correspondence between him and Pulszky, see Chapter V, pp. 85-9.)

Die Unterdrückung der Slovaken durch die Magyaren. Prag, 1903. (Written in a vein of violent and uncontrolled hatred against the Magyars, but its facts are with one or two exceptions only too accurate.)

X. Y. Z. Ungarn und die Apostel des Panslavismus. Berlin,1908. (A violent tract against the Slovaks, originating from the office of the Slovenské Noviny, the Slovak organ of the Magyar Government.)

(b) the saxons and other germans of hungary

Der Kampf der Siebenbürger Sachsen für die Überreste des Feudal­wesens. Budapest, 1874. (An apology for Tisza's bad faith.)

Die Ausrottung des Deutschtums in Ungarn. Hermannstadt, 188l.

* Friedenfels, Eugen von. Joseph Bedeus von Scharberg : Beiträge zur Zeitgeschichte Siebenbürgens im XIXten Jahrhundert. 2 vols. Hermannstadt and Vienna, 1877-85.

* Geographische Nachrichten für Welthandel und Volkswirtschaft, III Jahrgang, Heft 1-3. Berlin, 1881.

Hundert Jahre sächsischer Kämpfe. Hermannstadt, 1896. (Ten lectures by some of the most cultured of the present Saxon leaders. An admirable supplement to Teutsch's History.)

* Kaindl, R. Geschichte der Deutschen in den Karpathenländern. 3 vols. Gotha, 1907.

Löher, Franz von. Die Magyaren und andere Ungarn. Leipzig, 1874. (Written with a strong German bias.)

———— Das Erwürgen der deutschen Nationalität in Ungarn. Munich, 1874. (By a Saxon author, with preface of Löher. An able criticism of the Bills then under discussion, for the abolition of Saxon autonomy.)

Majestätsgesuch wegen Corruption im Grosskukler Comitat. Hermannstadt, 1881.

Preussische Jahrbücher, vols. xxix. (pp. 629-39), xxxiii. (pp. 471-92), xlvii (pp. 41-8, 524-37), xlviii. (pp. 150-70). 1872, 1874, 1881.

Schultheiss, Dr. Guntram. Deutschtum und Magyarisierung in Ungarn und Siebenbürgen. Munich, 1898. (Very anti-Magyar.)

Schwicker, J. H. Die Deutschen in Ungarn und Siebenbürgen. Vienna, 1883. (Uncontroversial.)

———— Das neue politische Programm der Siebenbürger Sachsen. (Unsere Zeit, 1890. ii. pp. 166-73.)

* Teutsch, G. D. Geschichte der Siebenbürger Sachsen, vol. i. (till 1700). Hermannstadt, 3rd ed., 1899. (One of the best popular histories in any language), vol. ii. (till 1815) by his son, Dr. Friedrich Teutsch. Hermannstadt, 1908.

Teutsch, Dr. F. and others. Bilder aus der vaterländischen Ge­schichte. 2 vols. Hermannstadt, 1899.

Wastian, Heinrich. Ungarns Tausend jährung im deutschem Lichte. Munich, 1896. (An offensive overstatement of a just cause.)

Wattenbach, W. Die Siebenbürger Sachsen. Heidelberg, 1882. (A brilliant little essay.)

(c) the roumanians

Bertha, A. de. Magyars et Roumains devant l'Histoire. Paris, 1899. (A reasonable presentment of the Magyar case.)

* Brote, Eugen. Die rumänische Frage in Siebenbürgen und Ungarn. Berlin, 1895. (Absolutely indispensable for any student of the subject. Contains many of the most important documents as Appendices.)

Fiedler. Die Union der Walachen in Siebenbürgen (Sitzungsberichte der K. Akademie, phil.-hist. Classe). Vienna, 1858.

Hintz, Johann. Geschichte des Bistums der griechisch-nichtunierten Glaubensgenossen in Siebenbürgen. Hermannstadt, 1850.

* Hunfalvy, Paul. Die Rumänen und ihre Ansprüche. Vienna, 1883.

* Jancsó, Benedek. A Román Nemzetiségi Törekvések története és jellenlegi Állapota (The History and Present State of the Roumanian Nationalist Aspirations). 2 vols. Budapest 1899. (The standard Magyar authority upon the subject.)

* Jorga, N. Geschichte des rumänischen Volkes. 2 vols. Gotha, 1905.

Papiu Ilarianu, A. Die constitutionelle Unabhängigkeit Sieben­bürgens. Breslau, 1862. (The Roumanian standpoint under Schmerling.)

Pič, Jos. Lad. Zur rumänisch-ungarischen Streitfrage. Leipzig, 1886. (A dry scientific thesis.)

Programmes politiques des Roumains de la Transylvánie. Bucarest, 1894. (Contains also the text of the Memorandum and of the Law of Nationalities.)

"Reply." Die ungarischen Rumänen und die ungarische Nation. Antwort der Hochschuljugend Ungarns auf das Memorandum der rumänischen Universitätsjugend. Budapest, 1891. (I have not been able either to consult or to obtain the exact title of the Manifesto to which this is an answer.)

"Replique." The Roumanian Question in Transylvania and Hun­gary : Reply of the Roumanian students of Hungary. Vienna and Budapest, 1892. (An incredibly tactless production : but its greatest tactlessness is its truth.)

Schwicker, J. H. Die nationalpolitische Ansprüche der Rumänen in Ungarn (Westöstliche Rundschau). Leipzig, 1894. (By a Magyarophil Saxon.)

———— Der Dakoromanismus (Oesterreichisch-ungarische Revue, vol. xvi), 1894.

* Slavici, J. Die Rumänen in Ungarn, Siebenbürgen und der Buko­wina. Vienna, 1881. (Uncontroversial, but written from the Roumanian side.)

Xenopol. Histoire des Roumains. 2 vols. Paris, 1894. (A stan­dard work by a historian of the kingdom.)

(d) the ruthenes

* Bidermann, H. L. Die Ungarischen Ruthenen. Innsbruck, 1862.

Bergner, Rudolf. In der Marmaros. Munich, 1885 (travel sketches).

Fiedler. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Union der Ruthenen in Nord­ungarn. (Sitzungsberichte phil.-histor. Abteilung. Akademie der Wissenschaften, xxxix. p. 510 sqq. Vienna.)

Globus, vol. iv. p. 369, Die ungarischen Ruthenen.

Joannicius Basilovits. Brevis notitia fundationis Theodori Koriato­vits. Cassoviae (Kassa), 1799.

Kupczanko, Gregor. Die Schicksale der Ruthenen. Leipzig, 1887.

Meszáros, K. Magyarországi Oroszok Története (History of the Hun­garian Ruthenes). Pest, 1850.

* Pelesz. Geschichte der Union der ruthenisclien Kirche mit Rom. 2 vols. Würzburg and Vienna, 1878-81.

(e) croatia

Deák, F. Denkschrift über das Verhältniss zwischen Ungarn und Kroatien. Vienna, 1861.

Horn, M. Le Compromis de 1868 entre la Hongrie et la Croatie. Paris, 1907. (Written from the Croatian standpoint, based on study of documents.)

Horváth, Stephen. Ueber Croatien als eine durch Unterjochung erworbene ungarische Provinz des Kön. Ungarn wirklichen Theil. Leipzig, 1844.

Hirtenfeld, Dr. J. Ban Jellauic. Vienna, 1861. (Biographical sketch.)

Laveleye, Emile de. The Balkan Peninsula. Preface by W. E.

Gladstone. London, 1886. (Contains interesting reminiscences of Bishop Strossmayer.)

Leger, Louis. La Save, le Danube ét le Balkan. Paris, 1884. (By a well-known authority on the Slavs.)

Loiseau, Charles. La Hongrie et l'Opposition Croate (Revue des 2

Mondes, vol. cxxxi., pp. 101-29), 1895.

———— Le Balkan Slave et la Crise Autrichienne. Paris, 1898.

Loiseau, Charles. L'Equilibre Adriatique. Paris, 1901. (Few foreigners have so intimate a knowledge of Croatian affairs as M. Loiseau.)

Pesty, F. Diê Entstehung Croatiens (Ungarische Revue, vols. ii., iv., v.).

* Pliverič, Joseph. Beiträge zum ungarisch-kroatischen Bundesrechte. Agram, 1886. (Indispensable.)

———— Das rechtliche Verhältniss Kroatiens zu Ungarn. Agram, 1885. (A controversy with Professor Jellinek on points of con­stitutional law affecting Croatia. Important.)

Szalay, Ladislaus von. Zur ungarisch-kroatischen Frage. Pest and Leipzig, 1863. (By a distinguished Magyar historian.)

Wachsmuth, W. Geschichte des Illyrismus. Leipzig, 1849. (Writ­ten by a Magyarophil Croat; sentimental introduction by Wachs­muth.)

(f) the serbs

Helfert, Baron J. A. von: Vad Rácz. Geschichte der süd-ungarischen Bewegung und Kämpfe gegen die Zumuthungen des Pan-Mag­yarismus. Vienna, 1908, (From the Oesterreichisches Jahr­buch, 1907-8.)

Kállay, Benjamin von. Geschichte der Serben. Trans, by J. H. Schwicker. Budapest, 1878. (As administrator of Bosnia, Baron Kállay made every effort to remove the traces of this brilliant product of his early days. But it remains the best general history of the Serbs.)

* Picot. Les Serbes de Hongrie. Prague, 1873.

Die serbische Bewegung in Südungarn. Berlin, 1851. (Written neither from Austrian nor from Magyar, but solely from Serb standpoint.)

Schwicker, J. H. Politische Geschichte der Serben in Ungarn. Budapest, 1880.

Szentkláray, Jenő. 100 Years of the History of South Hungary (from 1779). Budapest, 1880. (In Magyar. A work of wide research.)

(7) MISCELLANEOUS

Acht Jahre Amtsleben in Ungarn, von einem k.k. Stuhlrichter in Disponibilität. Leipzig, 1861.

Andrássy Gyula, Gróf. Beszédei (Count Andrássy's speeches). Ed. by E. Lederer. 2 vols. Budapest, 1891-3.

Apponyi Albert, Gróf. Beszédei (Count Apponyi's speeches, 1872-95). 2 vols. Budapest, 1897.

Benkö. Transsilvanea. 2 vols. Vienna, 1778.

Beöthy, Ákos. A Magyar Államiság Fejlődése Küzdelmei (Struggles in the Development of the Magyar State). 3 vols. Budapest, 1906.

Bertha, A. de. La Hongrie Moderne. Paris, 1897. (Very useful.)

Beust, Count. Memoirs, ed. by Baron de Worms. 2 vols. London, 1887.

Bunzel. Studien zur Sozial- und Wirtschaftspolitik Ungarns. Leipzig, 1902.

Csengery, Anton. Franz Deák. Leipzig, 1877. (By his private secretary.)

Czecz, J. Berns Fehlzug in Siebenbürgen in den Jahren 1848 und 1849. Hamburg, 1850. (Idolizes Bern.)

* Deak, Ferencz. Beszédei (Deák's Speeches), ed. by I. Kónyi. 6 vols. 1886-98. Budapest. (Of the greatest importance.)

———— Levelek (1822-75). (Deák's Selected letters.) Budapest, 1890.

Desprez, Hippolyte. Les Peuples de l'Autriche. 2 vols. Paris, 1850. (Not very deep.)

Drage, Geoffrey. Report to Royal Commission of Labour (on Austria-Hungary). Foreign Reports, vol. xi. London, 1894.

Drei Jahre Verfassungsstreit. Beiträge zur jüngsten Geschichte Oesterreichs, von einem Ungar. Leipzig, 1864.

Durch welche Mittel lässt sich die Verbreitung der magyarischen Sprache unter den Einwohnern Ungarns am sichersten erzielen ? Basel, 1834.

Ebeling. Graf von Beust. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1870-1. Falk, Max. Széchenyi István Gróf és Kora (Count Széchenyi and his Time). Pest, 1868. (By the famous editor of the Pester Lloyd.)

Gérando, A. de. De ľEsprit publique en Hongrie depuis la Revolu­tion française. Paris, 1848. (In German also. By a Frenchman married to a Magyar wife.)

———— La Transylvánie et ses Habitants. 2 vols. Paris, 1845.

* Görgei, Arthur. Mein Leben und Wirken in Ungarn. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1852.

Grimwald, Béla. Az új Magyarország (The New Hungary). Budapest, 1890.

Hartig, Graf. Genesis der Revolution in Oesterreich (translated in vol. iv, of Coxe's House of Austria, Bonn's Library).

Helfert, J. A. Baron von. Revision des ungarischen Ausgleichs. Vienna, 1876.

* Irányi, Daniel, and Chassin. Histoire politique de la Revolution en Hongrie. 2 vols. Paris.

Jászi, Oszkár. Az új Magyarország felé (Towards the New Hungary).

Budapest, 1907. (On Socialism and its progress in Hungary.)

Janotyckh von Adlerstein. Archiv des ungarischen Ministeriums und Landesverteidigungs-Ausschusses. 3 vols. Altenburg, 1851. (Very anti-Magyar.)

Klapka, Georg. Memoiren. 3 vols. Leipzig, 1850-1. (By the defender of Komárom.)

* Kollár, Jan. Ueber die literarische Wechselseitigkeit zwischen den verschiedenen Stämmen und Mundarten der slawischen Nation. 2nd ed. Leipzig, 1844.

Koloman von Tisza und der magyarische Chauvinismus. Leipzig, 1889.

* Kossuth, Ludwig. Meine Schriften aus der Emigration. 3 vols. Pressburg, 1880-2.

————— L'Europe, l'Autriche et la Hongrie. Brüssels, 1859.

————— Gesammelte Werke. 3 vols. Leipzig and Grimma, 1850. (Trans, by his secretary Zerfíy.)

Kossuth, Lajos. Beszédei (speeches). Ed by his son, Mr. Francis Kossuth, who as Minister of Commerce has omitted the worst anti-dynastic remarks.) Vol. xi. of the complete Magyar edition of his writings. Budapest, 1905.

K., L. von. Ungarns Wünsche. Leipzig, 1843.

La Hongrie politique et religieuse. Brussels, 1860. (A pamphlet of a superior kind, directed against Germanization from Vienna.)

Láng, Ludwig. 100 Jahre Zollpolitik. Vienna and Leipzig, 1906. (A brilliant and readable study of economic history, with especial reference to the Dual Monarchy.)

Leschka, Stephanus. Elenchus Vocabulorum Europaeorum... etc. Budae, 1825.

Marbeau, E. Slaves et Teutons. Paris, 1882.

Maurice, C. E. The Revolutionary Movement of 1848-9 in Italy, Austria-Hungary and Germany. London, 1887. (Perhaps the best account in English.)

Orosz. Terra Incognita (Notizen über Ungarn). Leipzig, 1835.

Pulszky, Franz. Meine Zeit, mein Leben. 4vols. Pressburg, 1880-3.

Palacky, Franz. Geschichte Böhmens. 5 vols. Prag, 1843.

———— Gedenkblätter. Prag, 1874.

Pór, Imre. A Magyar Nemzet Történetének uj Alakulása (The New Development of the History of the Magyar Nation). Budapest, 1906.

Recouly, Raymond. Le Pays Magyar. Paris, 1903.

* Šafařik, P. J. Slavische Alterthümer. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1843. (An epoch-making book.)

Sayous, Ed. Histoire des Hongrois et do lour Litterature politique de 1790 á 1815. Paris, 1872.

Schlesinger, Max. The War in Hungary, 1848-9. Preface by Fran­cis Pulszky. London, 1850.

Siebenbürgen und die oesterreichische Regierung in den letzten vier Jahren. Leipzig, 1865.

Silbernagl. Verfassung und gegenwärtiger Bestand sämmtlicher Kirchen des Orients. (Contains information hardly obtainable elsewhere.)

Soll und kann die ungarische Sprache zur einzigen Geschäftssprache in Ungarn . . . gemacht werden ? Pressburg, no date (previous to 1834). Stiles, W. H. Austria in 1848-9. 2 vols. New York, 1852. (By the American Minister in Vienna.)

Széchenyi, Graf Stephan. Fragment eines politischen Programmes. Leipzig, 1847.

———— Ein Blick auf den anonymen "Rückblick." London, 1859.

———— Munkái (Complete Works). The first two vols. (Budapest, 1905) contain Hitel (Credit) Stadium, A Kelet Népe (The people of the East), etc.

Szemere, B. Batthyány, Görgei, Kossuth : politische Charakter­skizzen aus dem ungarischen Freiheitskrieg. Hamburg, 1853. (Defends Batthyány and attacks the other two.)

Szilágyi, Sándor. Erdélyország története tekintettel mivelödésére (History of Transylvania, with special reference to its culture). 2 vols. Pest, 1866.

Tisza, Graf Stephan. Ungarische Agrarpolitik. Leipzig, 1897.

Urmössy. Tizenhét év Erdély történetéből (16 Years of Transyl­vania's History). Kolozsvár, 1887. Only the first part (1849-52) has appeared.

Wesselényi Baron Nikolaus. Eine Stimme über die ungarische und slavische Nationalität. Leipzig, 1844.

Der Winterfeldzug 1848-9. Vienna, 1851. (Inspired by Prince Windischgrätz.)

periodicals : For the "forties" see Tudományos Gyűjtemény (1817 onwards), Jelenkor, Társalkodó, Athenaeum, Hírnök, Pesti Hírlap, Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung ; for recent times, Pester Lloyd, Budapesti Hírlap, Neue Freie Presse, Die Zeit.

Oesterreichisch-ungarische Revue, Ungarische Revue, Oesterreich­ische Rundschau, Rumänische Revue, Čechische Revue (1906, etc.), Preussische Jahrbücher, Unsere Zeit, Die Grenzboten, Westöstliche Revue, Questions Diplomatiques, Revue des deux Mondes.

See also Wurzbachs Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserreichs Oester-reich (60 vols, 1856-91).

Schulthess. Europäischer Geschichtskalender, 1860, etc.

Die Völker Oesterreich-Ungarns: ethnographische und cultur-historische Schilderungen. 12 vols. Vienna, 1882.

Die oesterreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild. 25 vols. Vienna, 1886 (beautifully illustrated).

See also Jahrbücher für slawische Literatur Kunst und Wissenschaft (ed. Jordan). Leipzig, 1843, etc.

Vierteljahrsschrift aus und für Ungarn (ed. Henszlman). Leipzig, 1843, 1844.

Literarische Berichte aus Ungarn (ed. Hunfalvy). 1878, etc.

Slavische Blätter. Illustrierte Zeitschrift für die Gesammtinteressen, des Slaventhums (ed. Lukšic). Vienna, 1865, etc.

(8) BOOKS IN ENGLISH ON HUNGARY AND THE MAGYARS.

Paget, John. Hungary and Transylvania. 2 vols. London, 1839. (An admirable book of travel.)

Pardoe, Julia. The City of the Magyar. 3 vols. London, 1840. (Sentimental Reisbilder, very inaccurate.)

Paton, A. A. Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1861. (His strictures on Magyar racial policy might have been written to-day.)

Boner, Charles. Transylvania: its products and its people. London, 1865. Far the best book of Transylvanian travel in any lan­guage. Very partial to the Saxons, who still quote it to-day as a standard work.

* Patterson, Arthur J. The Magyars. 2 vols. London, 1869. An admirable book, based on intimate knowledge of the Magyars, to whose ideal side he does full justice; but of little use for a study of the racial question. On p. 2 he says, "I know little or nothing from personal acquaintance of the Slovak area on the north­east, or of the Croatians and Serbs along the southern frontier."

Felbermann, Louis. Hungary and its People. London, 1892. Wholly unreliable, and in so far as the Slovaks are concerned, little short of libellous. On p. 210 we read, "Whilst the Magyars are now one of the most cultured and advanced races in Europe, there being scarcely a peasant who cannot read or write, the Slovaks, on the other hand, remain almost as ignorant as their ancestors were when Arpád conquered Hungary ; and therefore we must come to the conclusion that the Slavs are inferior to the Magyars."[1] He adds, "If we have to define the general character of the Slovak peasants, we must describe them as ignorant and cowardly, so much so that a Magyar boy can often frighten a whole gang of Slovaks." Such assertions are unworthy of a serious writer, the more so as they are untrue.

Colquhoun, Archibald and Ethel, The Whirlpool of Europe. London, 1907.

Forster-Bovill, W. B. Hungary and the Hungarians. London, 1908.

SLOVAK MUSICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

(a) slovak native composers

Bulla and Lihovecký. Sbierka slovenských štvosospevor pre mužske a miešané sbory (Collection of Slovak Quartettes for male choirs and mixed Choirs). Turčiansky Svety Martin (Turócz St. Már­ton), 1901. 60 heller. Contains 18 popular songs, and render­ings of the national songs "Hej Slováci" and "Bratislava, Bratislava."

Figuss, William. Slovenské ľudové piesne (Slovak Popular Songs). Prague (Kotrba). 5 crowns. All collected in Slatina, county of Zólyom.

Francisci, Miloslav. Trávnice.[2] Turčiansky Sv. Martin, 1908. So far two parts have appeared, containing 100 songs each. 3 crowns each. Already in its 2nd ed.

* Lichard, Milan. 6 vencov zo slovenských národných piesní složených v antických stupniciach : pro miešaný sbor (6 Garlands of Slovak Folksongs, composed in the ancient keys : for mixed choirs). Turčiansky Sv. Martin, 1 crown.

Ruppeldt, Karol. Spevníček dvojhlasných slovenských piesni (Slovak Songbook: duets). Ružomberk (Rózsahegy) (Salva). 60 heller. The little book, which is dedicated "to his brother teachers and the Slovak youth," contains 60 songs.

* Slovenské Spevy (Slovak Popular Songs). Turčiansky Sv. Martin. The best collection. Vol. i. contains 603 songs, vol. ii. 766, vol. iii. (incomplete) 475. 17 parts have already appeared. * Schneider-Trnavsky. Sbierka národných slovenských piesni (Col­lection of Slovak National Songs) — piano accompaniment. Published by the Slovak Society "Detvan" in Prague.

———— 3 Slovak Songs. Published in Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg) in Bohemia (Česká Hudba).

———— 10 Songs. Prague (Mojmír Urbánek). /

Salva, Karol. Národní Spevník (National Songbook). Rózsahegy, 1897.

Škultéty, Joseph. Venec slovenských národních piesní (Garland of Slovak Popular Songs). Turčiansky Sv. Martin, 1897.

Teslik, Joseph. Slovenský ľudový spevník. Skalic (Szakolcza), 1904. (The last 3 are without the music.)

(b) bohemian and moravian composers

Bartoníček, Edward. Sines ze slovenských písní (Potpourri of Slovak Songs). Prague (F. A. Urbánek). 3 crowns.

———— Slovenské spevy (Slovak Songs, 2nd potpourri). Moravská Ostrava (published by the author). 4 crowns.

Bendi, Karel. Twelve Gipsy Songs. London (Novello). Czech and English text. Compositions for the poems of Adolf Heyduk the Czech poet, who studied Slovak and Gipsy life; they contain traces of Slovak melodies.

* Dvořák, Antonín. Moravské Dvojzpěvy (Moravian Echoes). Ber­lin (Simrock). 13 duets for soprano and alto, with piano accom­paniments. The following are of Slovak origin : (1) Where blue the Danube flows ; (8) Sweeter than the violet is my gentle maiden ; (9) Let us sing to-day joyous roundelay; (10) Thrive and grow, thou comely grass.

———— Čtyři Pisne. Vier Lieder für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte. Berlin (Simrock), 1887. English words by Mrs. John Morgan, authorized by Dvořák. The first — Dobrú noc (good-night) — is based on one of the most exquisite and popular of Slovak airs.

The following other compositions of Dvořák have been published in London: — The Spirit Bride (ballad), St. Ludmila (oratorio), Missa solemnis — all three for solo, choir and orchestra — and The Heirs of the White Mountain (hymn f or choir and orchestra).

Holain, Ludvik. Moravian Folksongs. Olmütz (Promberger). 13 parts.

Hopp, Hippolyte. A Potpourri of the favourite Slovak songs of Jano Hudeček, for violoncello and piano. Hodonín (Göding).

———— Šuměna — a symphonic poem, based on the poem of the same name, by Svetozár Húrban. Hodonín.

Hrazdíra, M. Z luhů moravských (From Moravia's Meadows). Os­trava in Moravia. Contains 8 Slovak songs.

* Janáček, Leoš. Moravská lidová poesie v písniek (Moravian Popular Poetry). Contains 53 songs.

———— Její Pastorkyňa (opera text and music). Prag (Mojmir Urbánek), 1908. 15 crowns. Published at the expense of the "Club Přátel uměni" in Brunn (Brno).

Javurek, Dr. Norbert. Moravian Folksongs, 1875.

Kolár, Emil, and Vávra. Slovanské Melodie (Slav Melodies) Olmütz (Promberger).

Kožušníček, Láda. Slovácké Trojzpěvy (Slovak trios for male and female voices). Kutná Hora (Česka hudba).

Kuba, Ludvik. Slovanstvo ve svých zpěvech (Slavdom in its Songs). Part iii. contains 143 Slovak songs.

Musil, František. 20 Glees, based on motifs of Hungarian-Slovak national songs. Brunn (Benedictine Press). 5 crowns 20 heller. German text by Kirsch.

* Novák, Vítězslav. Slovenské Spevy (15 Slovak Songs). Prague (Umělecká Beseda).

———— 25 slovenských lidových pisni (25 Slovak folksongs). Prague (Mojmír Urbánek). 2 crowns 50 heller.

———— Ranoša (The Unfortunate).

———— Neščasná vojna (Unhappy War).

———— Vražedný milý (The Lover as Murderer).

———— Slovak Suite. For piano or orchestra. (All 4 published by M. Urbánek.)

Novotný, V. J. 25 Slovak Songs for solo and piano. Prague (Kotrba).

Polášek, J. N. Trávnice (25 Grass-songs). Rózshegy (Salva).

Procházka, Ludevit. Z luhů slovenských (From Slovak Meadows). Prag (Starý).

Sedlák, Rudolf. Our Songs — pocket edition of 50 favourite Moravian and Slovak songs. Bošovice in Moravia. 2 crowns.

Zelinka, J. E. Na nivách slováckých (On Slovak Fields). Prague (Kotrba). 2 crowns. Here the melody is often freely invented by the composer.

On Slovak literature, consult the following : —

Schaffarik, Paul Joseph. Geschichte der slawischen Sprache und Literatur nach allen Mundarten. Ofen, 1826.

Talvj (Mrs. Robinson, born Therese von Jacob). Historical View of the Languages and Literature of the Slavic Nations. New York and London, 1850.

———— Geschichtliche Uebersicht der slavischen Sprache und Litera­tur. Leipzig, 1837.

Czambel, Samu. Die slovakische Sprache und Literatur. (Die österr.-ungar. Monarchie in Wort und Bild. Ungarn, vol. v., pp- 434-50.)

Vlček, Prof. Jaroslav. Dejiny Literatúry Slovenskej. Turčiansky Sv. Martin, 1889.