The majority of fatal home fires happen at night, when people are asleep. Contrary to popular belief, the smell of smoke may not wake a sleeping person. The poisonous gases and smoke produced by a fire can numb the senses and put you into a deeper sleep.

Inexpensive household smoke detectors sound an alarm, alerting you to a fire. By giving you time to escape, smoke detectors cut your risk of dying in a home fire nearly in half.

Choosing a Detector

Be sure that the smoke detectors you buy carry the label of an independent testing laboratory such as UL.

Several types of detectors are available. Some run on batteries, others on household electric current. Some detect smoke using an "ionization" sensor, others use a "photoelectric" detection system. All approved smoke detectors, regardless of the type, will offer adequate protection provided they are installed and maintained properly.

Is One Enough?

Every home should have a smoke detector outside each sleeping area and on every level of the home, including the basement. On floors without bedrooms, detectors should be installed in or near living areas, such as dens, living rooms, or family rooms.

Be sure everyone sleeping in your home can hear your smoke detectors' alarms. If any residents are hearing-impaired or sleep with bedroom door closed, install additional detectors inside sleeping areas as well. There are special smoke detectors for the hearing impaired; these flash a light in addition to sounding an audible alarm.

For extra protection, Fire departments suggest installing detectors in dining rooms, furnace rooms, utility rooms and hallways. Smoke detectors are not recommended for kitchens, bathrooms or garages - where cooking fumes, steam or exhaust fumes could set off false alarms - or for attics and other unheated spaces where humidity and temperature changes might affect a detector's operation.

Where to Install

Because smoke rises, mount detectors high on a wall or on the ceiling. Wall-mounted units would be mounted so that the top of the detector is 4 to 12 inches (10 to 30 cm) from the ceiling. A ceiling-mounted detector should be attached at least 4 inches (10 cm) from the nearest wall. In a room with a pitched ceiling, mount the detector at or near the ceiling's highest point.

In stairways with no doors at the top or bottom, position smoke detectors anywhere in the path of smoke moving up the stairs. But always position smoke detectors at the bottom of closed stairways, such a those leading to the basement, because dead air trapped near the door at the top of a stairway could prevent smoke from reaching a detector located at the top.

Do not install a smoke detector too near a window, door, or forced-air register where drafts could interfere with the detector's operation.

Installation

Most battery-powered smoke detectors and detectors that plug into wall outlets can be installed using only a drill and a screwdriver by following the manufacturer's instructions. Plug-in detectors must have restraining devices so they cannot be unplugged by accident. Detectors can also be hard-wired into a building's electrical system. Hard-wired detectors should be installed by a qualified electrician. Never connect a smoke detector to a circuit that can be turned off by a wall switch.

False Alarms

Cooking vapours and steam sometimes set off a smoke detector. To correct this, try moving the detector away from the kitchen or bathroom or install an exhaust fan. Cleaning your detector regularly, according to the manufacturer's instructions, may also help.

If "nuisance alarms" persist, do not disable the detector. Replace the detector.

Maintenance

Only a functioning smoke detector can protect you. Never disable a detector by borrowing its battery for another use. Following the manufacturer's instructions, test all your smoke detectors monthly and install new batteries at leat once a year. A good reminder is when you change your clocks in the spring or fall: change your clock, change your battery. Clean your smoke detectors using a vacuum cleaner without removing the detector's cover. Never paint a smoke detector. Smoke detectors do not last forever. Replace any smoke detector that is more than 10 years old.

Plan and Practice click here for more on home evacuation planning

Make sure everyone is familiar with the sound of the detector's alarm. Plan escape routes. Know at least two ways out of each room. Agree on a meeting place outside your home where all residents will gather after they escape. Practise your escape plan at least twice a year. Remove obstructions from doors and windows needed for escape. Make sure everyone in the household can unlock doors and windows quickly, even in the dark. Windows or doors with security bars should be equipped with quick-release devices and everyone in the household should know how to use them. When an alarm sounds, leave immediately. Go directly to your outside meeting place and call the fire department. Once you're out, stay out. Never return to a burning building.

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