Glossary-Reeezak

First Generation wireless technology. Based on analog or AMPS technology, 1G wireless networks were designed to carry voice traffic only.

1X - a.k.a. CDMA2000 1X, 1XRTT

Third Generation wireless technology that offers enhanced voice and data capacity and higher data rates than previous, second generation wireless technologies. 1X is an evolution of cdmaOne®.

Second Generation wireless technology. Based on digital technology, 2G wireless networks offer increased voice quality and capacity over 1G systems. 2G systems traditionally supported voice and circuit-switched data service. 2G systems are being replaced today by 2.5G and 3G networks.

2.5G

Based on digital technology, adding 2.5G wireless technology to a 2G network provides packet-data service and improved data rates. 2.5G technology has been implemented as GPRS.

3DES

Triple Data Encryption Standard. A private key symmetric cryptographic algorithm, that protects computer data by encoding (converting) the data three times for greater security. 3DES was issued as a Federal Information Processing Standard and is an updated version of DES.

Third Generation wireless technology. Based on digital technology, 3G wireless networks offer increased voice capacity and provide higher data rates than 2G and 2.5G networks. As defined by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), 3G technology has been or will be implemented as CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, WCDMA/UMTS and HSDPA/HSUPA.

3GPP

3GPP2

Third Generation Partnership Project 2, the standards body that oversees CDMA2000.

4GV™

Fourth-Generation Vocoder™. QUALCOMM's voice codec suite that enables operators to prioritize voice quality and network capacity. Can be used to improve delay-sensitive applications such as VoIP (voice over Internet protocol).

802.11 - a.k.a. Wi-Fi

802.11 refers to the body of standards issued by the IEEE for WLANs (wireless local area networks). 802.11 technologies use an over-the-air interface to connect a device (for example, a Wi-Fi-enabled laptop) and an access point to another network. The 802.11 family of technologies includes 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n.

A

Access Point

A network device, or communication hub, that connects wireless devices to a wired local area network (LAN).

AES

Advanced Encryption Standard. A standard for encryption intended to replace the DES (Data Encryption Standard). AES supports key lengths ranging from 128 to 256 bits.

A-GPS

Assisted-Global Positioning System. A technology used to determine an end-user's position in urban areas or dense outdoor environments. Differs from traditional GPS by adding an assistance server, which shares tasks with the A-GPS receiver to expedite position location. Commonly associated with location-based services (LBS).

Air Interface

The radio frequency portion of the circuit ("connection") between the cellular handset or wireless modem and the active base station (cell tower).

Aircard®

A wireless modem that can be used in a laptop or other mobile computing device to connect to the Internet. Aircard has become synonymous with wireless wide area network (WWAN) card, PCMCIA card and wireless PC card and is a registered trademark of Sierra Wireless.

AMPS

Advanced Mobile Phone Service. The first analog cellular phone system commercially deployed in the 1980s.

Analog

In telecommunications, an early wireless network technology involving the modulation of radio signals, which transmit information as sound waves over radio signals allowing one call per channel. Most wireless transmission is now done digitally.

ANSI

The American National Standards Institute. A standards-setting, non-governmental organization that develops and publishes standards for transmission codes and protocols for use in the United States. ANSI serves as the official U.S. member body to the world's leading standards bodies, including the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

Visit: www.ansi.org

API

Application Programming Interface. A set of standard methods or functions that application programs can use to access a particular set of services or tools, such as network services and program-to-program commands. For example, BREWÂ® provides a set of APIs for the development of applications for wireless devices.

Visit: www.qualcomm.com/brew

ARPU

Average Revenue Per User. The monthly revenue generated by a consumer's wireless device usage. ARPU is commonly used by wireless network operators and telecommunications/wireless analysts to estimate ROI (return on investment) measures for investments in network infrastructure and end-user services.

Asymmetric Encryption - a.k.a. Public Key Encryption

A method of securing data for transmission that equips each user with two keys, a private key and a public key. Each individual uses the other's public key to encrypt the data that is sent and then each individual uses their own private key to decrypt the data received. A trusted third party often provides keys.

Asynchronous

Communication signals that do not rely on a shared timing mechanism to transmit and receive information. Examples are GSM and WCDMA networ

B

Backhaul

Refers to transporting data or voice between the wireless network and the PDSN (packed data serving node, in wireless communications), or between the wireless network and the Internet (in a wireless local area network implementation).

Band

In wireless communications, a frequency or contiguous range of frequencies.

Bandwidth

In wireless communications, the width or capacity of a communications channel. Analog bandwidth is measured in hertz (Hz). Digital bandwidth is the volume of data that a channel can carry and is measured in bits per second (bps).

Base Station

Often called a cell tower or a cell site, a base station is a transmitter/receiver location that establishes radio links between the wireless system and the wireless device. The base station includes an antenna tower, transmission radios and radio controllers. Each geographic area in a cellular network requires a base station.

BCMCS

Broadcast Multicast Service. A standard being developed for third-generation (3G) cellular networks. Provides transmission of multimedia data from a single source to all subscribers in a specific area. Examples of multicast content could include video and movie clips, news, sports or stock quotes.

Blackberry®

A mobile device that supports wireless voice and data capabilities, including email, Web browsing, and contact and task management applications. A wireless service that provides data transmission service is required. Blackberry is a product name of Research in Motion (RIM).

Bluetooth™

A short-range wireless technology that interconnects devices such as phones, computers, keyboards, microphones and mice. Bluetooth supports both voice and data communications.

bps

Bits Per Second. The standard for measuring the smallest unit of information in digital communications and data processing.

BREW® client

The handset client component of the BREW solution developed by QUALCOMM. An open, extensible client platform that supports system and application software, including personalized and branded user interfaces. Compatible with most wireless devices and networks.

BREW Delivery System

A complete content delivery service from QUALCOMM designed specifically for operators. Solves important issues such as device fragmentation and consistent device experience via devices featuring the BREW client.

BREW® SDK

Developed by QUALCOMM to enable software developers to write applications for BREW devices. Provides developers with general development and debugging tools, sample applications with source code, user guides and testing tools.

BREW® solution

A family of QUALCOMM products and services dedicated to enabling development and deployment of wireless data applications and services. Consists of an open, extensible client platform, support for personalized and branded user interfaces, and a J2EEâ„¢-based, modular delivery system.

Visit: www.qualcomm.com/brew

Broadband

Generic term for high-speed digital Internet connections, such as wireline, DSL or cable modems and wireless third-generation technologies, such as WCDMA (UMTS), CDMA2000 1xEV-DO and HSDPA.

BSC

Base Station Controller. A component of a base station, the BSC supervises the functioning and control of multiple base transceiver stations and acts as a small switch.

BTS

Base Transceiver Station. Includes the electronic equipment and the antenna that comprises a PCS (personal communications services) facility or single base station.

C

CAPEX

Capital Expenditure. An expenditure connected to acquiring or upgrading physical assets such as equipment, property or buildings.

Carrier

In wireless communications, an electromagnetic pulse or radio wave transmitted at a steady base frequency. Used to transmit radio signals to a radio receiver. Also commonly used to refer to a wireless network operator or service provider that provides mobile telecommunications services.

CCD

Charge coupled device. A light-sensitive chip or image sensor used in scanners and digital cameras that converts light into proportional (analog) electrical currents. The AD converter converts analogue signals into pixel values.

CDG

CDMA Development Group. An international consortium of companies working together to lead the adoption and evolution of CDMA-based wireless systems around the world.

Visit: www.cdg.org

CDMA

Code Division Multiple Access. A digital wireless technology that works by converting analog information, such as speech, into digital information, which is then transmitted as a radio signal over a wireless network. CDMA uses spread-spectrum technology, decreasing potential interference while achieving privacy. CDMA technology is the basis for third-generation (3G) wireless technologies which offer increased voice capacity and provide higher data rates than 2G and 2.5G networks.

CDMA2000® - a.k.a. IS-2000

CDMA2000 (also known as CDMA2000 1X) is a family of 3G wireless standards that offers enhanced voice and data capacity and higher data rates than previous, second generation wireless standards. The CDMA2000 family of standards include CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO. CDMA2000 is a direct evolution of the cdmaOneÂ® standard.

CDMA2000 1X - a.k.a. 1X, 1XRTT, CDMA2000

A family of third-generation (3G) wireless standards that offers enhanced voice and data capacity and higher data rates than previous, second-generation wireless standards. The CDMA2000 family of standards includes CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO. CDMA2000 is a direct evolution of cdmaOneÂ®.

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO - a.k.a. EV-DO, DO

CDMA2000 1X Evolution - Data Optimized. Third-generation wireless technology that offers broadband data speeds to support applications such as VPN access, video downloads and large file transfers. CDMA2000 1xEV-DO is a direct evolution of CDMA2000 1X.

CDMA2000 1xEV-DV

CDMA2000 1X Evolution Data and Voice. Third-generation wireless technology that supports high-speed voice and data on the same channel. Enables Internet connectivity for cellular phones, PDAs and other mobile devices.

cdmaOne®

A brand name, trademarked and reserved for the exclusive use of the CDMA Development Group (CDG) member companies. cdmaOne was the coined term for QUALCOMM's original CDMA systems based on the IS-95A and IS-95B standards, which made use of 1.25 MHz channels to deliver voice and data.

CDPD

Cellular Digital Packet Data. An add-on technology that enables first-generation (1G) analog systems to provide packet data. Today, 2.5G and 3G systems are replacing CDPD.

Cell

The geographic area encompassing the signal range from one base station. Wireless networks are comprised of many overlapping cells to efficiently use radio spectrum for wireless transmissions.

Cell Site

A fixed transmitter/receiver location, also known as a base station or a cell tower, which establishes communications between a wireless system and a wireless device using radio links. The cell site includes an antenna tower, transmission radios and radio controllers.

Cell Tower

A fixed transmitter/receiver location, also known as a base station or a cell site, which establishes communications between a wireless system and a wireless device using radio links. The cell tower includes an antenna tower, transmission radios and radio controllers.

Cellular

Analog or digital communications that provide a consumer with a wireless connection from the mobile device to a relatively nearby transmitter (base station). The transmitter's coverage area is called a cell.

Channel

The amount of wireless spectrum occupied by a specific technology implementation. For cellular communications, there is a transmit side and a receive side. For example, a 5 MHz channel uses 5 MHz to transmit and 5 MHz to receive, using a total of 10 MHz of wireless spectrum.

Circuit-Switched Network

Networks that temporarily establish a physical circuit "connection" and keep that circuit reserved for the user until a disconnect signal is received. A dial-up modem is an example of a circuit-switched connection. In contrast, a packed-switched network are connectionless or "always on," eliminating the need to initiate a connection for data transfer.

Clipcast™

QUALCOMM's name for short-format video content for wireless devices. Supported by QUALCOMM's MediaFLO™ System.

CMX™

Compact Media Extensions™. QUALCOMM's multimedia software that enables developers to create cost-effective, customized ringtones and screensavers. CMX enables time-synchronization of MIDI-based music, text, graphics, animation and voice.

Visit: http://www.cdmatech.com

CompactFlash Card

One of a variety of small removable flash memory cards used in mobile devices to provide additional storage capacity.

Convergence Platform

QUALCOMM's platform of Mobile Station Modem™ (MSM™) chipsets with dual processors to enable the processing speeds necessary to converge wireless with consumer electronics devices. Supports higher-speed wireless data services such as real-time interactive gaming and higher-resolution digital camera functionality.

Coverage Area

Geographic area served by a cellular system in which service is available to wireless users.

COW

Cell on Wheels. A complete mobile base station used to provide cellular coverage where coverage is unavailable. Often used to enhance coverage for special events or as a temporary backup service.

CRM

Customer Relationship Management. An integrated information management system that is used to plan, schedule and control the pre- and post-sales activities within an organization to improve customer tracking and communication. Enterprises can wirelessly extend their CRM solutions, enabling sales professionals to remotely access timely customer data for increased productivity and improved customer service.

D

deliveryOne™

A suite of server-based content delivery products developed by QUALCOMM. Provides operators with varied solutions for delivering wireless data content and custom user interfaces. Includes the BREW® Delivery System (BDS) and the uiOne™ Delivery System (UDS).

DES

Data Encryption Standard. Protects unclassified computer data using a 56-bit, private key, symmetric cryptographic algorithm; issued as a Federal Information Processing Standard.

Digital

A form of transmission that transforms analog signals, such as voice, into a series of electrical or optical pulses that represent the binary digits 0 and 1. This numerical data is then converted into various forms depending on the type of network, such as radio waves for wireless transmission, electronic pulses for a wired network or optical light waves for fiber optics. Digital networks offer superior Quality of Service (QoS), secure transmission and more bandwidth than analog lines.

DOT

Department of Telecommunications. The India government body that covers policy, licensing, and coordination of telegraphs, telephones, wireless, data, facsimile and telematic communications.

Visit: www.dot.gov.in

Downlink - a.k.a. Forward Link

The connection from the network to the end-user communications device. In satellite communications, also refers to the connection from a satellite to a terrestrial receiver.

DRM

Digital Rights Management. Technology for copyright protection of digital media, including ringtones, music, graphics and video. Developed to prevent the illegal distribution of purchased content over the Internet.

DSSS

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum. A spread spectrum technique used in radio transmission systems, such as CDMA, wireless local area networks (WLAN) and some personal communications services (PCS) systems. DSSS converts a data stream into a stream of packets, which are then transmitted over a wide range of frequencies using a "scattering" approach.

Dual Band

Functionality that allows a mobile phone to transmit in two frequencies for wider coverage area. For example, a mobile phone may be equipped to use both the 800 MHz cellular and 1900 MHz PCS frequencies to send and receive calls.

Dual Mode

Functionality that allows a mobile phone to operate in two different modes for greater roaming capabilities. For example, a mobile phone may be equipped to support both CDMA2000 and WCDMA standards to send and receive calls.

DVB-H

Digital Video Broadcasting - Handhelds. A multicast technology standard specified by the DVB Project for the multicast delivery of TV-like programming to wireless devices. With DVB-H, one signal is sent from the base station and received by all subscribing devices within range.

DVB Project

Digital Video Broadcasting Project. A consortium of broadcasters, manufacturers, network operators, software developers, regulatory bodies and others committed to designing global standards for the delivery of digital television and data services.

Visit: www.dvb.org

E

E911

Enhanced 911. A U.S. Government-mandated capability that automatically provides the caller's geographic location and wireless phone number to the 911 call center. The goal of the FCC's wireless E911 rules is to improve the effectiveness of wireless 911 service by providing emergency dispatchers with location information to within 50 to 300 meters of the caller's exact location.

Visit: www.fcc.gov/911/enhanced

EDGE

Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution. A software/hardware enhancement for existing GSM networks designed to provide higher data rates to enhance the delivery of multimedia and other broadband applications for wireless devices.

Embedded

In wireless communications, used to describe capabilities, such as Internet access, that are contained within a device.

Encryption

In security, encryption is the ciphering of data by applying an algorithm to plain text. Types include Asymmetric, Symmetric and Public Key.

End-to-End Security

In wireless communications, safeguarding information in a network by encryption to ensure secure data transmission from the point of origin to the point of destination.

Enhanced Multimedia Platform

QUALCOMM's platform of Mobile Station Modem™ (MSM™) chipsets with increased processing power to support faster, third-generation (3G) wireless multimedia. Also supports larger, high-resolution screens for improved viewing of multimedia features such as video-on-demand, 3D gaming and video telephony.

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning. A business management system that integrates all major facets of a business, such as manufacturing, finance, sales and human resources functions. ERP software links together various back-office computer systems, including SFA (sales force automation) and CRM (customer relationship management) applications. ERP software typically incorporates heavy use of telecommunications, including providing wireless access to these systems to enable real-time information requests.

F

FCC

Federal Communications Commission. The U.S. government agency responsible for regulation of the communications industry.

Visit: www.fcc.gov/aboutus.html

FFA

Field Force Automation. Information technology solutions that help companies improve communication with employees in the field. Wireless FFA solutions increase productivity by enabling mobile employees to remotely access centralized databases, finalize service calls, update time/expense reports and schedule appointments.

FHSS

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum. A technique used in radio transmission systems, such as wireless local area networks (WLAN) and select mobile networks. FHSS converts a data stream into a stream of packets which are then sent in short bursts via transmitters and receivers that move or â€œhopâ€ from one frequency to another.

Firewall

A combination of hardware and software that protects a computer or group of computers from an attack by an outside network or computer user. A firewall enforces a boundary between two or more networks.

Flash Memory

A type of memory that can be erased and reprogrammed (rewritten). Commonly used in mobile phones, digital cameras, audio players and removable memory cards, such as Memory Sticks or Secure Digital (SD) Cards.

FLASH-OFDM®

Fast Low-latency Access with Seamless Handoff Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. An OFDMA implementation for high-speed mobile wireless data. Delivers data rates comparable to wired broadband services such as DSL and cable modems. FLASH-OFDM is a product name of Flarion Technologies.

FLO™

Forward Link Only. An air interface developed by QUALCOMM to support mobile multicast multimedia services for wireless consumers; based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Enables the simultaneous delivery of TV- and radio-like programming to many wireless devices; also supports IP datacasting.

FLO Forum

An organization of wireless industry leaders committed to advancing the global standardization of FLO™ technology. Oversees the evolution of the air interface specification for FLO, promotes its standardization, and manages compliance and certification benchmarks for the technology.

Visit: www.floforum.org

Forward Link - a.k.a. Downlink

The connection from the network to the end-user communications device. In satellite communications, also refers to the connection from a satellite to a terrestrial receiver.

FOMA

NTT DoCoMo's WCDMA-compliant 3G network. Supports high-volume, high-speed wireless data transmission to enable multimedia services such as videophone and video mail.

FPS

In video, frames per second.

Frame Relay

Uses a form of packet-switching and multiplexes data. A frame relay network is able to accommodate data packets of various sizes associated with virtually any native data protocol. An access standard defined by the ITU.

Frequency

The rate at which an electromagnetic waveform alternates. Usually measured in hertz (Hz) or megahertz (MHz).

G

GAIT

GSM ANSI-136 Interoperability Team. A wireless standard that enables GSM and TDMA networks to interoperate. Requires special handsets (often called "GAIT phones") and used in conjunction with GAIT networking.

Gateway

A network point that acts as an entrance to another network.

GB

Gigabyte. A measure of computer data storage capacity. Measured as approximately a billion bytes or 1,073,741,824 in decimal notation.

GHz

Gigahertz. A measure of frequency equal to a billion hertz or a thousand megahertz (MHz). Gigahertz is often used to measure UHF (ultra-high frequency) or to express microprocessor clock speed in some computers.

Gold Multicast

Technology developed by QUALCOMM that enables clipcasting or multicasting of multimedia content to a group of wireless subscribers. Based on the BCMCS standard, Gold Multicast is a software upgrade for existing CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO Rel. 0 networks.

GPRS

General Packet Radio Service. A 2.5G technology standard that is an upgrade to a GSM network. Adds packet data to the existing voice network.

GPS

Global Positioning System. A worldwide radio-navigation system developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to enable users to determine their exact location anywhere on the globe from land, air or sea. GPS works via radio signals sent from orbiting satellites to receivers on the ground. GPS receivers are used in a wide range of commercial applications from fleet management to rural navigation.

gpsOne®

An assisted-GPS (A-GPS) position-location technology developed by QUALCOMM. Integrates data from both wireless network base stations and GPS satellites for a highly-accurate location description. Enables location-based services for wireless devices that work in all types of terrains and dense metropolitan areas. A component of the Launchpadâ„¢ Suite.

Visit: www.snaptrack.com

Groupware

A category of enterprise software that allows employees to work more collaboratively. Groupware includes email and PIM (personal information management) functionality such as calendar, to-do lists and contact information; and allows employees to share data. Examples include MicrosoftÂ® Exchange/Microsoft OutlookÂ® and LotusÂ® Domino/Lotus Notes.

GSM

Global System for Mobile Communications. A second-generation wireless telecommunications standard for digital cellular services first deployed in Europe. GSM is based on TDMA technology and provides circuit-switched data connections.

GUI

Graphical User Interface. The interface that allows the user to interact with a particular device, such as a wireless phone or personal computer. Elements include pull-down menus, buttons, scroll bars, iconic images, windows and help wizards. Sometimes pronounced "gooey".

H

H.263

A video compression standard developed by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) for transmitting video over limited bandwidth connections, such as mobile networks. Supports only the visual portion of the video stream; the audio portion is handled separately.

H.264 - a.k.a. MPEG-4 AVC

A high-compression, digital video standard that offers greater compression than previous standards. Considered an option for transmitting full-motion video over wireless and Internet connections. Jointly developed by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and the ISO Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG).

Handoff

Handset

A wireless device that contains a transmitter and receiver. Also known as a cellphone or mobile phone.

Hard Handoff

A handoff is the process, invisible to the user, of transferring a cellular phone conversation from one base station (cell tower) to another without interruption to the call. Hard handoffs require that the connection of a cellular phone call be broken in the original base station before the connection can be made in the next base station. A hard handoff may result in a dropped call.

Hertz

The international unit for measuring frequency, equivalent to cycles per second. One megahertz (MHz) is one million mertz. One gigahertz (GHz) is one billion hertz.

Hot Spot

A location, such as a coffee shop, airport or bookstore, where a consumer can establish a WLAN (wireless local area network) or Wi-Fi connection. Hot spots provide a wireless access point for the user and limited coverage (approximately 100 feet), depending on the location.

HSDPA

High-Speed Downlink Packet Access. An enhancement to WCDMA networks that provides higher data speeds in the downlink to support applications such as VPN access, video downloads and large file transfers.

HSUPA

High-Speed Uplink Packet Access. An enhancement to WCDMA networks that provides higher data speeds in the uplink to support applications such as VPN access and large file transfers.

I

iDEN®

Integrated Dispatch Enhance Network. A proprietary technology from Motorola based on the TDMA standard that allows users to access phone calls, two-way radio transmissions, paging and data from one wireless device. Nextel CommunicationsÂ® uses iDEN technology as the basis for its networks.

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. A standards body responsible for developing computing and electronics standards. The IEEE developed 802.11 standards for WLANs (wireless local area networks) that are widely followed today.

Visit: www.ieee.org

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force. The body that defines standard Internet operating protocols such as TCP/IP.

IM

Instant Messaging. Instant, real-time, text-based communication between two or more people over a network such as the Internet.

iMoD™

Interferometric Modulator. QUALCOMM's low-power technology for flat panel displays for mobile devices. Combines ultra-thin film optics with a micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) device to create displays viewable in any lighting condition.

i-mode

Internet Mode. A proprietary cell phone service based on cHTML technology developed by Japan's NTT DoCoMo. i-mode supports Web content and services, such as mobile banking, email and news reporting for cellular phones.

IMS

IP Multimedia Subsystem. An open industry standard for voice and multimedia communications over packet-based IP networks. Supports technologies such as IM (instant messaging), VoIP (voice over Internet protocol), push to talk (PTT) and video calling.

IMT-2000

International Mobile Telecommunications for the Year 2000. A set of ITU specifications for third-generation wireless networks comprised of five wireless standards including CDMA2000 and WCDMA.

Visit: www.itu.int/home

Intellectual Property - a.k.a. IP

Intellectual Property. Refers to property rights created through intellectual and/or discovery efforts of a creator that can generally be protected under patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret, trade dress or other law. Also commonly used as an abbreviation for Internet Protocol.

Internet Protocol - a.k.a. IP

Internet Protocol. The method of sending data from one computer to another on the Internet. IP is part of the TCP/IP protocol and is an integral component of the Internet. Also commonly used as an abbreviation for Intellectual Property.

IP Datacasting

Simultaneous transmission of content from a single source to a large number of wireless subscribers. Usually refers to the delivery of a wide variety of TV-like programming to wireless devices, and can also include IP-based content such as games or video and audio files.

IPR

Intellectual Property Rights.

IPsec

Internet Protocol Security. A collection of protocols for secure exchange of packets at the internet protocol (IP) layer. IPsec supports two encryption modes: Transport mode encrypts only the data portion of each packet; Tunnel mode encrypts the data portion and header of each packet.

IS-41 - a.k.a. ANSI 41

The network standard used by AMPS, CDMA and TDMA networks. The basis of the core network for CDMA2000.

IS-95 A/B - a.k.a. ANSI 95 A/B

Interim Standard 95. The interim standard for CDMA-based cellular networks.

IS-136 - a.k.a. ANSI 136

Interim Standard 136. The Interim Standard for TDMA in the U.S.

IS-2000

Interim Standard 2000. The interim standard for CDMA2000, the third-generation (3G) wireless mobile standard for CDMA2000-based cellular networks.

ISO

International Organization for Standardization. Chartered by the United Nations, ISO was formed to define and promote the development of various international standards.

Visit: www.iso.org

ITU

International Telecommunications Union. An agency of the United Nations with the goal of establishing telecommunication standards.

Visit: www.itu.int/home

J

Java™

A programming language developed by Sun Microsystems for creating and running software programs on a single computer and in networked environments, such as the Internet. Java programs are portable and can be run anywhere in a network that has a Java virtual machine (JVM).

JPEG

A standard file format for image compression, typically for photographic images. Commonly used to store and transmit photographs over the Internet. The most common file extensions for this format are .jpg or .jpeg.

JVM

Java™ Virtual Machine. Interprets compiled Java code for a computer's processor so it can execute a Java program's instructions.

K

KB

Kilobyte. A measure of computer memory or storage. Measured as 1,024 bytes in decimal notation.

Kbps

Kilobits per second. Commonly used as a speed for data transmission. Measured as 1,000 bits per second.

KCC

Korea Communications Commission. Responsible for developing and enforcing policies which promote fair competition in the telecommunications marketplace.

Visit: http://www.kcc.go.kr/

Kilohertz (KHz)

One thousand hertz. A measurement often used to reference radio frequencies.

L

L2TP

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol. A tunneling protocol that enables the operation of a virtual private network (VPN) over the Internet.

LAN

Local Area Network. A small communication network covering a limited area, such as within a building or group of buildings.

Last Mile

Commonly used in telecommunications to refer to the final delivery of communications connectivity between the network and the end userâ€™s point of access (home or business).

Launchpad™ Suite

QUALCOMM's suite of integrated technologies that enable advanced multimedia, connectivity, position location, user interface, removable storage capabilities and many other capabilities. The Launchpad suite is integrated into QUALCOMM's MSM™ chipset and software solutions.

LBS

Location Based Services. Enables operators to offer personalized services based on the user's location. Examples of LBS include regional map information for real estate agents and asset tracking solutions for service representatives at logistics and transportation companies.

LCD

Liquid crystal display. A thin, flat display screen consisting of numerous color or monochrome pixels arranged in front of a light source. LCDs are used in many mobile and other battery-powered electronic devices because of relatively low energy requirements and easy readability.

M

MB

Megabyte. A measure of computer processor storage and real and virtual memory. Measured as 1,048,576 bytes in decimal notation.

MBMS

Multimedia Broadcasting Multicasting Service. Enables one source to simultaneously send data, such as video or audio programming, to multiple users who subscribe to the service.

Mbps

Megabits per second. Measured as one million bits per second. A measurement of the amount of data transferred in one second between two telecommunication points.

Mediacast

Occassionally used to refer to the multicast delivery of a wide variety of TV-like programming to wireless devices.

MediaFLO™ MDS

MediaFLO Media Distribution System. QUALCOMM's client-server solution that works in conjunction with FLO™ technology. Includes the tools to collect and manage content, bundle subscription packages, and merchandize and securely distribute content to wireless subscribers.

MediaFLO™ System

QUALCOMM's end-to-end solution for delivering real-time media programming in a wireless environment. The MediaFLO system has two components: the FLO™ technology and the MediaFLO Media Distribution System (MDS).

MEMS

Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems. A technology that combines computers with tiny mechanical devices (such as sensors, valves or gears) for integration with integrated circuits. MEMS devices refer to mechanical components that are one micrometer (one millionth of a meter) in size.

MHz

Megahertz. One million hertz or cycles per second. A measurement often used to describe the speed of digital and analog signals.

MIC

Ministry of Information and Communication. The Korean government agency responsible for promoting Korea's information technology.

Visit: http://www.mic.go.kr/eng/index.jsp

Microbrowser

A Web browser specialized for a wireless phone, smartphone or PDA optimized to run in the low-memory and small-screen environment of a handheld device.

Middleware

A type of software that connects or "glues together" two or more otherwise separate types of software and translates information between them. For example, middleware is used to allow access between two different databases on a network.

MII

Ministry of Information Industry. The Chinese government agency responsible for formulating China's information industry policies and strategic development.

MIMO

Multiple Input, Multiple Output. In wireless communications, an antenna technology that uses multiple antennas at the source (transmitter) and the destination (receiver). Antennas at each end are combined to reduce errors and improve data speed. Can be used in conjunction with OFDM.

MMS

Multimedia Messaging Service. Allows wireless device users to send multimedia, such as video or digital photos, from one device to another.

MPEG-3 - a.k.a. MP3

Moving Picture Experts Group-3. A standard for compressing audio into a compact file without losing a significant amount of its quality. Used for the mobile transmission and storage of audio files.

MPEG-4 - a.k.a. MP4

Moving Picture Experts Group-4. A standard for compressing video into a compact file without losing a significant amount of its quality. Used for the transmission and storage of images and video clips.

MSC

Mobile Switching Center. A sophisticated telephone exchange that provides mobility management services, such as circuit-switched calling, and coordination between base stations (cell towers), networks and mobile users within a network.

MSM™

Mobile Station Modem™. QUALCOMM's wireless chipsets that enable mobile devices and handsets. MSMs ship with the Launchpad™ suite, an integrated set of advanced functions and capabilities such as multimedia, connectivity, position location, user interface and removable storage.

Multicast

Simultaneous transmission of content from a single source to large numbers of wireless subscribers. Usually refers to the delivery of a wide variety of TV-like programming to wireless devices.

Multimedia Platform

QUALCOMM's platform of Mobile Station Modem™ (MSM™) chipsets that promotes mainstream adoption of third-generation (3G) wireless multimedia with system and software solutions which enable video, audio, gaming and location-based products and services.

Multipath

The multiple paths a radio wave may follow between transmitter and receiver. In cellular communications, refers to a radio signal reaching the receiving antenna by two or more paths.

Multipath Fading

Interference during wireless signal reception caused by the deflection of a radio signal off obstacles such as buildings, mountains and other large obstructions.

N

Node

A point of connection into a network. In packet-switched networks, a node is one of the many packet switches that form the network's backbone.

Node B

Denotes the base transceiver station (BTS) in WCDMA technology. The transmitter(s) and receiver(s) used to communicate directly with wireless devices.

O

OEL Display

Organic Electroluminescent Display. A type of display technology that enables very bright flat screens. OEL displays are often used in small portable devices because they do not require a backlight, resulting in a lower power draw.

OEM

Original Equipment Manufactuer. The manufacture of a device (often a consumer electronics product) that is sold to another company which in turn sells the device to the end consumer under its own name.

OFDM

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. A wireless communications technology and modulation technique that divides available spectrum into multiple radio frequency (RF) channels. In OFDM, a single transmitter transmits on many different, independent frequencies, which typically results in a signal with high resistance to interference.

OFDMA

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access. Wireless technology based on OFDM that offers forward- and reverse-link communications and broadband data speeds to support applications such as VPN access, video downloads and large file transfers.

OMA

Open Mobile Alliance. A standards body that develops open standards for wireless information and telephony services on digital mobile phones and other wireless terminals.

Operating System - a.k.a. OS, O/S

Software that manages the basic operations of a computer system. Examples include UNIX, Windows, Palm OS and Mac OS X.

Operator

A wireless network operator, also often referred to as a carrier or service provider, that provides mobile telecommunication services.

OpEx

Operational Expenditure. An expenditure connected to operating a business, including R&D, sales and marketing, and administrative costs.

OSI

Open Systems Interconnection. A reference model established by the ISO to provide a network design framework that allows equipment from different vendors to be able to communicate.

P

Packet

A digital "package" of data that enables efficient use of radio spectrum and routing over a network, such as the Internet or wireless networks. Each packet is numbered separately and includes the Internet address of the destination.

Packet-Switched Network

Networks that transfer digital packets of data. Packet-switched networks are connectionless or â€œalways on,â€ eliminating the need to connect to a network to send or receive data. In contrast, circuit-switched networks require a dedicated circuit, or connection, for the duration of the data transmission.

Palm OS®

Palm® operating system for handheld devices, including PDAs and smartphones.

PC Card

A wireless modem that can be used in a laptop or other mobile computing device to connect to the Internet. Synonymous with PCMCIA card, WWAN (wireless wide area network) card and AircardÂ®.

PCMCIA

Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. An international association that standardizes credit-card sized wireless modems which can be inserted into laptops or other mobile computing devices to connect to the Internet. A Type II PC card is the most common PCMCIA card.

PCS

Personal Communications Services. Refers to the 1900 MHz cellular frequency band. More commonly used as a marketing term to describe digital wireless services in the Americas, regardless of the particular frequency band being used.

PDA

Personal Digital Assistant. A portable personal computing device used for text messaging, email, calendar, contacts and a wide range of other applications.

PDC

Personal Digital Cellular. The second-generation TDMA-based wireless technology used in Japan. PDC is incompatible with other wireless networks.

PDSN

Packet Data Serving Node. Refers to the routers used in CDMA2000 wireless networks that comprise the backbone of the network.

PHY

Physical Layer. Transmits raw bits of data by establishing and terminating connections to a networked communications resource. Refers to network hardware, physical cabling or a wireless connection. Considered layer one of the seven-layer OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model of data communications.

PIC

Pilot Interference Cancellation. Increases the reverse link capacity of CDMA-based technologies by removing interference from the pilot signal.

PIM

Personalized Information Manager. Software for keeping track of contact addresses and phone numbers, appointments, project schedules and task lists. Sometimes called a contact manager.

Pixel

One of the many tiny dots that represent a picture in a computerâ€™s memory. Because pixels are so small and so numerous, they appear as a smooth, single image when displayed on paper or a computer monitor. Pixels vary in color and intensity.

Platinum Multicast

Technology developed by QUALCOMM that enables the delivery of video and audio programming to a large group of wireless subscribers, with more than three times the capacity of Gold Multicast. A software upgrade for CDMA2000Â® 1xEV-DO Rev. A networks.

PNG

Portable Network Graphics. A file format for image compression. A lossless format, which maintains all image information (such as number of pixels) when the image is viewed. In contrast, lossy formats such as JPEG may lose image information when decompressed for viewing.

Pocket PC®

A handheld computer that runs the Microsoft Pocket PC® operating system or Microsoft Windows Mobile™ 2003 for the Pocket PC. Typically includes features such as word processing and spreadsheet applications, handwriting recognition and wireless Internet access.

POP

Persons of Population. Refers to total population coverage according to a wireless service provider's license. In wireline communications, POP means Point of Presence, which is defined as the connectivity point between two networks.

POTS

Plain Old Telephone Service. The basic wired telephone line that supports standard single-line telephones, telephone lines and access to the PSTN (public switched telephone network).

PPC

Pay Per Call. In contrast to flat rates offered by operators for monthly service under a contract. Also a commonly used abbreviation for the Pocket PC.

PPP

Point-to-Point Protocol. A protocol for communication that allows two devices to transport packets over a data connection, such as a personal computer connected by phone line to a server.

PPTP

Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol. A protocol for communication that facilitates virtual private networking to enable secure remote access to corporate networks via the Internet.

Protocol

Within the context of data communications, a specific set of rules related to data transmission between two devices. Protocols set standard procedures that enable different types of data devices to recognize and communicate with each other.

PSTN

Public Switched Telephone Network. Refers to the local, long-distance and international phone system. In the United States, PSTN refers to the entire collection of interconnected phone companies.

Q

QCELP®

An audio file format supported by select PureVoiceÂ® applications, which is a component of the Launchpadâ„¢ Suite. Developed by QUALCOMM. The file extension for this format is .qcp.

QoS

Quality of Service. A measure of network's transmission reliability and efficiency. QoS is commonly used by network operators to indicate a higher level of service guarantee to customers.

R

R-UIM - a.k.a. CDMA SIM card

Removable User Interface Module. A removable card that can be inserted into certain CDMA phones and other mobile devices that makes global roaming possible across CDMA and GSM wireless networks. The R-UIM card identifies the userâ€™s subscriber information, such as handset number and wireless features, and can also store data, including telephone numbers and addresses.

radioOne®

QUALCOMM's family of radio frequency (RF) devices with support for all major air interfaces.

Rake Receiver

A radio receiver designed to counter the effects of multipath fading; commonly used in devices such as mobile phones. Uses several sub-receivers, each slightly delayed, to tune into the individual paths a radio wave follows (multipaths). Each component is later combined to effectively strengthen the signal.

Receive Diversity

A method of using two separate handset-based antennas to improve signal reception, increase data rates and improve network capacity. May also be used when a single device supports two different services, such as GPS for location-based services and CDMA for voice and data transmission.

Reverse Link - a.k.a. Uplink

The connection from the end-user communications device to the network. In satellite communications, also refers to the connection from a terrestrial transmitter to a satellite.

RF

Radio Frequency. Measured in Hertz, MHz and GHz. Wireless and cordless telephones, radio and television broadcast stations, satellite communications systems and two-way radio services all operate using radio frequencies.

RF CMOS

Radio Frequency Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor. A low-cost, high-volume digital process technology. CMOS-based devices use minimal power and don't produce as much heat as other processing technologies. Allows more functions, such as the radio frequency (RF) and baseband components, to be integrated into a single chip.

RFID

Radio Frequency Identification. A method of remotely retrieving data from and storing data associated with animals, people, products or equipment. Requires an RFID tag which contains an antenna to enable the tag to send and receive queries from an RFID transceiver.

RFID Tag

Radio Frequency Identification Tag. A small radio frequency device used to identify and track people, animals, commercial products or corporate assets.

RNC

Radio Network Controller. Equipment in third-generation (3G) wireless networks that interfaces with the core network, controls the radio transmitters and receivers in Node Bs, and performs mobility functions.

Roaming

Refers to a cellular subscriber using mobile phone service while outside of his/her service provider's coverage area.

ROI

Return On Investment. A financial performance measure to determine the relative attractiveness of a proposed investment. ROI is typically measured in dollars but can also be measured by less quantifiable benefits such as increased customer satisfaction.

S

S-GPS

Simultaneous-Global Positioning System. In telecommunications, the simultaneous operation of GPS location capabilities and CDMA2000 voice calls.

SCM

Supply Chain Management. The communications link between a company and its suppliers, distributors and customers. Wireless SCM solutions are deployed to allow mobile access to the Internet and private corporate intranets to more efficiently manage inventory.

SDK

Software Development Kit. A set of software tools, usually designed for use with a particular operating system, that enables software developers to write programs that will work on the target operating system.

Service Provider

A "carrier" or "network operator" that provides mobile telecommunication services.

SFA

Sales Force Automation. A system that allows salespeople to record account and contact information, send form letters and schedule future activities. Wireless SFA solutions provide mobile employees with access to Web-based SFA databases via the Internet.

SIM

Subscriber Identity Module. A removable card built into all GSM phones and other mobile devices. The SIM identifies the user's subscriber information, such as handset number and wireless features, and can also store data, including telephone numbers and addresses.

SIP

Session Initiation Protocol. A standard protocol defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Used to initiate an interactive multimedia user session such as chat, video, voice or gaming.

Smartphone

A category of mobile phones that supports both wireless data and voice capabilities. Smartphones include enhanced software and applications, including operating systems such as Palm OS and Windows Mobile. In addition to telephone functionality, features on a smartphone might include email, Internet access and remote access to corporate databases.

SMIL

Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language. A programming language used to easily define and synchronize multimedia elements, such as video, sound and still images, for Internet usage. Pronounced smile.

SMS

Short Messaging Service. A store-and-forward message service available on many second-generation and all third-generation wireless networks that allows users to send and receive short text messages over wireless devices.

Soft Handoff

The process, invisible to the user, of transferring a cellular phone conversation from one base station (cell tower) to another without interruption to the call. There are two types of handoffs: hard and soft. Soft handoffs do not require the original connection to be broken when transferring to an adjacent base station.

Spread Spectrum

A method of transmitting a radio frequency (RF) signal by "spreading" it over a broad range of frequencies. This facilitates reduced interference and increased capacity within a particular radio frequency band. CDMA technology is based on spread spectrum.

SS7

Signaling System 7. The protocol used in public-switched telephone systems for establishing calls and providing services such as 800 numbers, call forwarding, caller ID and number portability.

SSL

Secure Sockets Layer. A protocol for managing the security of message transmission on the Internet, for example, between a Web server and a Web browser.

STN-LCD

Super Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Display. A low-power LCD flat-panel display technology that requires each pixel to be refreshed many times per second, resulting in low response times. Requires less power and is less expensive than TFT technology.

Subscriber

In wireless, a user of a mobile telecommunication service.

Symbian® OS

An operating system for smartphones licensed by Symbian to handset manufacturers.

Symmetric Encryption

A secure method of converting data for transmission that uses the same cipher, or "key," to encrypt and decrypt the message.

Synchronous

Communication transmissions that are timed by a clocking signal and occur with equal time intervals between them. An example is the constant transmission of time-sensitive data, such as real-time voice.

T

TCO

Total Cost of Ownership. A financial measure commonly used by enterprises to calculate total relevant costs of a particular project. TCO includes the actual purchase price or cost of implementation plus relevant costs such as administration, maintenance, support, software and training.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A communications protocol that has become the de facto standard protocol for the Internet. "TCP" provides transport functions, ensuring that the total amount of data sent is correctly received. "IP" provides the routing mechanism, ensuring the information reaches the correct destination.

TD-SCDMA

Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access. A third-generation, (3G) wireless standard that offers enhanced voice and data capacity and higher data rates than previous second generation wireless standards. One of the three international CDMA technology-based standards accepted by the ITU for third-generation wireless communications.

TDD

Time Division Duplexing. The application of time-division multiple access (TDMA) to separate inbound and outbound signals. Allows devices to transmit and receive on a single frequency at different time intervals.

TDMA

Time Division Multiple Access. A second-generation, digital wireless communication technology that increases the amount of data that can be delivered by dividing each cellular channel into time slots. Wireless standards that use TDMA technology include GSM, PDC and iDEN.

Terminal

A device, such as a laptop or cellphone, used to access a network.

TFT - a.k.a. Active Matrix Display Technology

Thin-Film Transistor. The technology used to make liquid crystal display (LCD) display screens. Commonly used in notebook and laptop computers.

TIA

Telecommunications Industry Association. A U.S. trade association representing the communications and information technology industry. Responsible for certain technical standards covering both wireless and wireline phone technology.

Tri-Mode - a.k.a. Triple Mode

Triple Mode. Functionality that allows a mobile phone to transmit in three modes for wider coverage area. For example, a mobile phone may be equipped to use analog, 800 MHz cellular and 1900 MHz PCS frequencies to make and receive calls.

TV-Out

Standard TV interface used to connect a mobile device to a compatible external device, such as a television or computer. Used to view images, watch video or play games.

Two-Way Paging - a.k.a. Interactive Paging

The ability to send and receive data via the Internet by way of a paging network.

U

uiOne™ Delivery System

A solution developed by QUALCOMM that delivers themed and personalized user experiences with dynamic content to uiOne-enabled devices. Can be integrated into an operator's existing content service offering.

uiOne™ offering

Part of the suite of BREW products and services. Enables the development and deployment of custom user interfaces for wireless phones. Includes the uiOne Toolkit, uiOne SDK (software development kit) and uiOne ART (applications, resources and templates).

UMTS - a.k.a. WCDMA

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. A third-generation (3G), CDMA-based wireless communication standard that offers enhanced voice and data capacity and higher data rates than previous, second generation wireless technologies.

Unicast

The transmission of content from a single source to a single receiver over a network.

Uplink - a.k.a. Reverse Link

The connection from the end-user communications device to the network. In satellite communications, also refers to the connection from a terrestrial transmitter to a satellite.

UTRAN

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network. The Node Bs and radio network controllers that make up a UMTS network. Enables connectivity between the user equipment and the core network.

UWB

Ultra Wideband. A wireless technology for transmitting large amounts of digital data over a wide spectrum of frequency bands across relatively short distances.

V

Value Platform

QUALCOMM's platform of Mobile Station Modem™ (MSM™) chipsets which enables affordable wireless voice and data services, including basic color screens, music, ringtones and voice-recognition features.

Voice Recognition

The technology found on some wireless phones, PCs and other communication devices that enables the device to respond to spoken commands.

VoIP

Voice Over Internet Protocol. The routing of voice conversations, sent as digital packets of data, over the Internet or other IP network.

VPN

Virtual Private Network. A network that is constructed using public wires to connect remote offices or individual users to their organizationsâ€™ network. VPNs use encryption and other security mechanisms to ensure network access to authorized users. VPNs are an essential component of secure wireless computing for the enterprise.

W

WAN

Wide Area Network. A geographically dispersed telecommunications network. A WAN may be privately owned or rented, but the term usually refers to a public network.

WAP

Wireless Application Protocol. A set of standards that enables a wireless device to browse content from specially coded Web pages over wireless devices such as mobile phones.

WCDMA - a.k.a. UMTS

Wideband CDMA. A third-generation (3G), CDMA-based wireless communication technology that offers enhanced voice and data capacity and higher data rates than previous, second-generation wireless technologies.

WEP

Wired Equivalency Privacy. An optional feature for Wi-Fi and 802.11b that offers privacy by using an encryption algorithm that scrambles data before any data is transmitted.

Wi-Fi

Short for "Wireless Fidelity" and another name for WLAN (wireless local area network). Allows a mobile user to connect to a local area network (LAN) through a wireless connection. Wi-Fi has been deployed in airports, universities, bookstores, coffee shops, office campuses and private residences.

WiMAX

Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access. A group of proposed wireless standards for high-throughput broadband connections over long distances. Applications include "last mile" broadband connections and hot spots. Trade name for a new family of IEEE 802.16 wireless standards.

Windows Mobile™

Microsoft's global brand for its Pocket PC Operating System. Windows Mobile supports various Pocket PC® devices including smartphones and includes features such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and email synchronization.

Wireless Node

A device equipped with wireless network interface capability.

Wireless Spectrum

A band of frequencies in which wireless signals travel carrying voice and data.

WirelessMAN™

Wireless Metropolitan Area Network. Enables broadband network access with exterior antennas that communicate with base stations that are connected to core network. An alternative to fixed-line networks. Developed by the IEEE 802.16 Working Group.

WLAN

Wireless Local Area Network. Allows a mobile user to connect to a local area network (LAN) through a wireless connection. WLANs have been deployed in airports, universities, bookstores, coffee shops, office campuses and private residences.

WPAN

Wireless Personal Area Network. A computer network that wirelessly connects devices in a short range (about 30 feet), such as a mobile phone to a wireless mouse or keyboard. Bluetooth is a WPAN technology.

WWAN

Wireless Wide Area Network. Geographically separate computer networks joined through a wireless connection. A WWAN is similar to a WLAN (wireless local area network), but typically covers an entire metropolitan or nationwide area.

X

XML

eXtensible Markup Language. A computer language developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) designed to improve the functionality of the Internet by providing a more flexible way to share basic data, such as phone numbers or addresses. For example, XML may be used to share data between desktop computers and wireless devices.

Z

ZIF - a.k.a. Direct Conversion

Zero Intermediate Frequency. A radio frequency architecture that eliminates the entire intermediate frequency section of the cellular phone, resulting in smaller-sized wireless devices. The basis of QUALCOMM's radioOne® technology.