INTRODUCTION
The post partum anestrus in cattle has been identified as one of the major problem affecting the efficiency of reproduction and thus overall production in rural areas. A number of reports are available on the incidence of post-partum anestrus in cattle and buffaloes however, studies on incidence of anestrus in cattle reared under rural managemental conditions of Kumaon region are limited. This paper describes the occurrence of different forms of post-partum infertility in cattle under village managemental conditions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Analysis of the cases of 102 cattle subjected to gynaeco-clinical examination of mass infertility camps held in the five villages of Ramgarh Block, Distt. Nainital (U.P.) during the months of July to Oct., 1999 was done. The various conditions led to infertility were classified as true anestrus and subestrus (silent heat) that is noncyclical smooth and inactive ovaries and having palpable structure (corpus luteum) on the ovary.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The incidence on patterns of different forms of post-partum anestrus among cattle are presented in Table - 1 and 2. The overall occurrence of post-partum anestrus in cattle was 50.00 percent. Out of which the number of cases which were identified as true anestrus-noncyclic ovaries were frequent (47.05%) in five villages. The silent heat or subsestrus that includes ovulation without showing any visual signs of estrus, which indicating the cyclical corpus luteum on right/left ovary and constituted the incidence rate of 2.94 percent only.

Table 1. Cynaecological examination of cattle in 5 villages of Nainital District
 

.Name of	Total no.	No. of	No. of infertility cases
village	of animals	pregnant diagnosed	Cervicitis	Malnutrition	Repeat breeders		Post partum anestrus	Total infertility cases
Parwada	22	4	1	5	2		10	18
Surmane	18	4	-	3	2		9	14
Kaol	31	10	2	5	3		11	21
Jaspur	12	1	-	2	1		8	11
Gahna	19	2	-	3	1		13	17
Total	102	21	3	18	9		51	81

In this study the incidence of post-partum anestrus in cattle was lower than those reported by Barr and Hushim (1968), Chauhan and Singh (1979) and Srivastava and Kharche (1986) in buffaloes and Kumar and Kumar (1993) in cattle. Whereas, it was higher (32.70 percent) than reported by Singh et. al. (1986) in buffaloes. The incidence of true anestrus was higher (47%) than reported by Agarwal (1978), Luktuke and Sharma (1978), Chauhan and Singh (1979), Singh et. al. (1986), Benerjee (1987) and Patil (1989) where they have found the incidence rate of true anestrus between 30 to 40% in buffaloes. In present study the higher incidence of true anestrus in cattle could be due to low plane of nutrition which seems to be the major cause of infertility in this area.

Further the incidence of silent estrus was very lower (2.94%) than that reported by others (Chauhan and Singh 1979, Gautam and Kharche, 1992). This variation in the incidence as observed by above workers may be due to the variation in the level of inheritance, geographical area of location, environmental and managemental practices including grazing and other feeding sources, water sources and farmers interest with particular breed of bovines.

Table 2. Incidence of Post-partum anestrus cattle in five villages
 

Particulars  Groups	I	II	III	IV	V	Total
Total cases examined	22	18	31	12	19	102
No. of true anestrus cases	9	9	10	8	12	48
Percentage of true anestrus	40.90	50.0	32.25	66.67	63.15	47.05
No. of subestrus cases	1	-	1	-	1	3
Percentage of subestrus	4.54	-	3.23	-	5.26	2.94
Total post partum anestrus	10	9	11	8	13	51
Percentage of total post-partum anestrus	45.45	50.0	35.48	66.67	68.42	50.0

This study reveals that post-partum true anestrus particularly due to low plane of nutrition is a major problem leading to infertility in majority cattle of this region.

REFERENCES
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