School violence prevention
Only those articles dealing with studies in or about the United States were included, but no articles fitting this description were excluded. school violence prevention Crime prevention. A total of 114 articles were retrieved from the sociology database and 113 papers were retrieved from the psychology database and included in this study. Of the sociology literature, 64 articles (56%) presented new data or research. Of these, 32 (50%) were concerned only with one domestic violence paradigm; i. school violence prevention Tai chi self defense. e. , violence of men against women (men=evil/criminal/perpetrator, women=blameless/victim). Other possible forms of domestic violence were not addressed or mentioned in any way by these articles. school violence prevention Behavior based safety. Six percent dealt with violence of both men against women and women against men. Three percent dealt with violence of women against women, and 2% (one article) dealt with gay male on male violence in domestic situations. Nineteen percent dealt with domestic violence as a dyadic phenomenon (in which both parties could be both victim and perpetrator. ) Of the total, a surprisingly large number, 50 (44%) were review or opinion articles that cited the work of others but did not present new data or research. Often, a single new study presenting empirical data, such as the most recent National Family Violence Survey, would generate several review articles, none of which offered any new data. Many would be offered in defense of a particular ideological viewpoint that had been wounded by the empirical data; i. e. , yes, woman against man violence is more common than we had supposed, but this all must be due to retaliation for earlier victimization of the women, etc. Of papers in the psychology literature, 92 (81%) presented new research or data. Forty three (47%) of these were concerned only with the man as perpetrator and woman as victim paradigm and did not in any way mention or consider other types of domestic violence among adults. Two studies (2%) were concerned with woman as perpetrator and man as victim paradigm. Twenty five (27%) were concerned with both man on woman and woman on man violence. Man on man violence in gay domestic relationships were mentioned in only one study (1%). Woman on woman violence also merited one study. Twenty studies (22%) examined domestic violence as a dyadic phenomenon in which both the man and the woman could simultaneously be both victim and perpetrator. When combined with studies that examined both man on woman and woman on man violence, those studies that examined both sides of the coin in domestic violence outnumbered those that examined only the woman-as-victim/ man-as-perpetrator paradigm in this sample of the psychological literature.
School violence prevention
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