名稱﹕bassoon

出生日期﹕~1500

歷史﹕

The predecessor of the bassoon, the Dulcian, which was only one continuous piece of hollow wood doubled upon itself, was crafted approximately 500 years ago. Very primitive, the Dulcian had an attached reed and tone holes, and was very difficult to play. Around 1650, the French created a four-piece bassoon that had keys to allow for the instrument to expand its very limited range. In 1820, Adam Heckel produced a more modern German version which has come to be the standard today. This instrument uses a key system similar to that of the clarinet, which was formulated by Robert Boehm. Heckel’s improvements developed better tuning and greater ease in playing.

By (http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~mh245699/info-pub.htm#History)

型號﹕

教學

名稱﹕obeo

出生日期﹕~1700

歷史﹕

The Oboe is a double-reed wind instrument with a wood body and narrow conical bore. It was invented in the 17th century by the French musicians Jean Hotteterre and Michel Danican Philidor, who modified the louder shawm (the prevailing double-reed instrument) for indoor use. Their oboe, called hautbois (French for "high, or loud, wood"), had a narrower bore than the shawm's, a body in three sections instead of one, and a smaller reed.
The oboe is non-transposing and has a natural scale of D. Although still higher notes are obtainable, generally accepted range is from B flat below middle C to an octave above G on top of the trebel clef.
During the late baroque period, oboe was used frequently as a solo instrument in chamber music, concertos and cantatas. In the classical era,a pair of oboes were essential for every symphony orchestra, and later composers somtimes required more.

by http://www.expage.com/page/snelgrove2oboes

型號﹕

教學

名稱﹕clarinet

出生日期﹕

歷史﹕Chalumeau

The first real ancestor of the clarinet was the chalumeau which developed in medieval times, probably from pipes played by shepherds.  The word chalumeau is of French origin and is a generic name for any small reed-blown pipe.  The first instrument to be called a clarinet was developed from the chalumeau around 1700 by German instrument maker Johann Christoph Denner.  Denner gave the clarinet a separate mouthpiece, added two keys, developed the bell and made available for the first time the third and fifth harmonics.13 key Muller ClarinetThru the 1800's much music was written for the clarinet as a solo instrument as well as chamber music.  In 1812 Ivan Muller presented a newly designed clarinet to the Paris Conservatoire.  This 13 key instrument was the furthest advance since the work of Denner.  The Muller clarinet was much more practical to play but still could not be played in every key.24 key Boehm system clarinetThe last innovator in the history of the clarinet was the French composer Hyacinthe Klose.  In 1839 Hyacinthe Klose and August Buffet adapted the Boehm keywork mechanism from the flute to the clarinet.  This system is named after Theobald Boehm who invented a system for the flute by placing holes in the proper acoustical positions.  He also invented a series of ring keys by which a finger could close a ring when covering a whole.  After much refinement, this 24 key instrument became the most practical clarinet and is what we know today as the "Boehm system" clarinet.

by:?????

型號﹕

教學