Tempromandibular joint arthritis case study
In general, most addicts like to use drugs that have high potency or fast onset of action. tempromandibular joint arthritis case study Sternum pain. Therefore, the controlled release drugs like Transdermal fentanyl have the lowest abuse potential. Oral controlled release opioids like Oxycontin can be crushed to destroy the matrix and they become the equivalent to immediate release forms. (top of page) Side Effects The most common side effect of chronic opioid therapy is constipation secondary to decreased gastrointestinal motility. tempromandibular joint arthritis case study Osteoarthritis knee injection. However, concerns about potential cognitive impairment are more often the reason opioids are not prescribed, particularly in the elderly. However, the available research has not demonstrated deleterious effects on cognition by neuropsychological testing or electroencephalography (EEG) except in patients prescribed multiple types of medications, especially sedatives and hypnotics. Elderly patients are more susceptible to delirium than younger patients. tempromandibular joint arthritis case study Glucosamine chondroitin arthritis. Although no studies have examined this risk of delirium in chronic pain syndromes treated with opioids, post-operative patients are less likely to develop cognitive impairment with fentanyl than morphine. A similar study found that cognitive performance was poorer in patients receiving hydromorphone compared to those receiving morphine. (ref 16) Many metabolites of opioids are excreted by the kidney increasing toxicity in the elderly. Creatinine clearance should be monitored to minimize potential toxicity. (top of page) Discontinuation of Opioid Treatment No treatment should be continued without benefit. If treatment is unsuccessful, it should be discontinued and patients carefully monitored to minimize physiological withdrawal symptoms such as yawning, rhinorrhea, piloerection, perspiration, lacrimation, mydriasis, tremors, restlessness, vomiting, muscle twitches, abdominal cramps, and anxiety. The essential element for successful opioid detoxification is the gradual tapering of the dose. Opioid withdrawal is generally not dangerous except in patients at risk from increased sympathetic tone, such as those with increased intracranial pressure or unstable angina. However, opioid withdrawal is very uncomfortable and distressing to patients. Tapering opioids often results in exacerbation of the patient's primary pain symptom (rebound pain).
Tempromandibular joint arthritis case study
Diagnosis || Arthritis + diet || Back pain relief || Jaw pain