| Satellites: : Aryabhata | APPLE | INSAT-1
| INSAT-2
| INSAT-3
| Bhaskara
| IRS | Rohini Launcher
: : SLV
| PSLV
| ASLV
| GSLV
The Satellite program involves putting
the satellites in the space and managing the
same. The satellites may be lifted by Indian made
launchers or it may involve the commercial launch
vehicles. The Satellites are also of two
different categories, communication
satellites
and remote sensing satellites.
India first experimented with geosynchronous
telecommunications relays in 1981 and now has
three active spacecraft in GEO. Moreover, the
launch of INSAT 2A in July, 1992, marked the
debut of India's first domestically built
operational GEO space-craft. In a departure from
most nations, India's GEO platforms combine a
communications mission with that of Earth
observation.
India undertook the Satellite Instructional
Television Experiment (SITE) in 1975-76 to
telecast a series of educational programs on
health, family planning, agriculture and the like
to over 2,500 Indian villages via the US
satellite, ATS-6. It was the largest sociological
experiment ever carried out in the world. The
Satellite Telecommunication Experimental Project
(STEP), conducted using Franco-German Symphonie
satellite during 1977-79, was another major
demonstration of communication applications of
space.
India has registered an impressive growth in
the telecom sector. Over the years the country
has developed a vast telecom network comprising
over 25000 telephone exchanges and 21.5 million
working connections. There is a large network of
optical fibre cables, digital microwave and
satellite communication systems. A very strong
industrial base has been built in the telecom
sector with a large number of national and
multinational telecom companies.
A number of policy changes have been made in
the recent past which, if implemented, are bound
to have a significant impact on the telecom
scenario. The most significant among the changes
is the announcement of a New Telecom Policy (NTP)
1999. The policy envisages development of telecom
facilities in remote, rural and tribal areas of
the country and their availability to the masses
at affordable costs. The NTP 1999, which has come
into effect from April 1, 1999, aims at making
telephones available on demand by the year 2002
and to achieve teledensity of seven per hundred
persons by the year 2005. In case of rural areas,
the current teledensity is proposed to be raised
from 0.4 to 4 by the year 2010.
Earth observations have played a prominent
role in the majority of Indian satellites
launched to date. Two of the three space launches
attempted by India during 1993-1994 carried Earth
observation spacecraft under the Indian Remote
Sensing Satellite (IRS) program. IRS-1E in 1993
and IRS-P2 in 1994. This followed the launch of
three Indian remote sensing spacecraft (by India,
the USSR, and ESA) during the previous 2-year
period. The scientific secretary of the Indian
Space Research Organization, M.G. Chandrasekhar,
is also the Director for Earth Observation
programs.
Sources and
Resources
- Other source : www.bharatrakshak.com
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