Over-exploitation of groundwater - Need for artitficial recharge and rainwater harvesting - tyeps of wells - drilling technology - design, construction and development of water wells: dugwells and borewells; direct and reverse rotary drilling; cable tool and DTH hammer drilling; gravel packing and well development procedures.
Types of pumps - various artificial recharge structures: recharge ponds - recharge pits - percolation ponds - basin spreading - surface and subsurface dykes - recharge wells - recharge borewells. Rainwater harvesting in urban areas : RWH structures - design - construction.
Estimation of probable runoff from an area including from roof tops - maintenance and monitoring of RWH structures. Study of benefits - effects on local groundwater environments - remedial measures. Recycling of domestic water - sources of water for recharge in urbann areas.
Precautions for source, construction and establishing RWH structures. Exploration techniques and selection of artificial recharge zones - electrical resistivity investigations using horizontal profiling and vertical sounding techniques: interpretation of resistivity data in terms of subsurface geology.
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