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Glossary

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Glossary

A
A, in Hindi language, means "without", so 
A-Dharm means that is not Dharm, Dharm means actions to be done
A-Gyaan means where there is no Gyaan (knowledge)
A-Kshar means that is not Kshar (perishable) (15/16)
A-Paraa means that is not Paraa (Jeev or consciousness) (7/4-5)
A-Sat means that is not Sat (truth)
A-Vidyaa means that is not Vidyaa (knowledge or light) 

Aadi
The earliest. The first.

Aaditya

Abhyaas Yog
Hearing, singing, thinking about, Jaap, reading of Bhagavaan's name and qualities repeatedly is called Abhyaas Yog.

Adhyaatm Gyaan (Vidyaa)
By whichever Gyaan one can know what is Aatmaa (soul) and what is Paramaatmaa like issues, is called Adhyaatm Gyaan. 

Ahankaar

Ashwinee Kumaar
Twin sons of Soorya. Traditional doctor of Devtaa.

Brahm Vidyaa   see   Adhyaatm Gyaan

Buddhi
Buddhi has no single word in English language, it may be expressed as the combination of intellect, knowledge and wisdom etc qualities. It is mainly the ability to discriminate, decide and judge between good and bad, what to do and what not to do etc like issues.

Chaandaal
The lowest caste in India. There are four Varn well known - Braahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shoodra. But there is one more category which is even lower than Shoodra, that is Chaandaal. People do not sit with them, do not touch them. Burning the ead body, and execution of life sentence are usually done by Chaandaal.

Dhaaran
Holding. Retention. Maintaining.

Dhriti
Steadiness. Firmness. Firmness of mind. Satisfaction.

Form of This World - 15/3
Form of This World - Whatever form of this world has been desscribed in Shaastra, it is not found after obtaining the Tattwa Gyaan (see Tattwa below). There is great difference between the two. It is similar to that as the environment of dream is not seen after one has awakened from the sleep.
No Beginning - "Neither it has a beginning" means "nobody knows since when it got started".
No End - "Nor it has an end", means nobody knows when it will end.
Nor it Exists Properly - Means that it is short-lived, and mortal.
Vairaagya Weapon - All pleasures till Brahm Lok are short-lived and mortal, that is why to leave these pleasures is called Vairaagya (detachment).
Cutting the Roots - Thinking like this about the world, abandoning pride, attachment and lustful desires roots is cutting the world tree roots.

Four Types of Food
There are four types of food - (1) Bhakshya - which is chewed, like Chapaatee; (2) Bhojya - which is swallowed, like milk; (3) Lehya - which is licked, such as chutney; (4) Choshya - which is sucked, such as sugar cane, mango.

Gudaakesh
Krishn's another name.

Gun Vibhaag and Karm Vibhaag - 3/28
Vibhaag means sections. The three Gunee Maayaa's 
(1) five Mahaa Bhoot (fire, air, earth, water, sky), 
(2) mind, 
(3) Buddhi (intellect), 
(4) Ahankaar, 
(5) five Gyaan Indriyaan (eyes, ears, tongue, nose, skin)
(6) five Karm Indriyaan (hands, feet, tongue, anus, reproduction organs)
(7) five subjects [of five Gyaan Indriyaan] - sound (Shabd), sight, taste, smell, touch

combined are called Gun Vibhaag. Their actions are called Karm Vibhaag.

Gunaateet - 14/21-27
A compound word. Gun (attributes) and Ateet (beyond), means who is beyond Gun, or who is not affected by Gun. There are three Gun - Sat, Raj, and Tam. Sat Gun produces Gyaan, Raj Gun inspires for actions and Tam Gun makes a man ignorant. When these three Gun do not affect a person, he is called Gunaateet.

Gyaan Vigyaan - 6/8, 7/2

Gyaan Yog
All the three Gun (Sat, Raj, and Tam), created by Maayaa are found in everything. Knowing thus, when one is becomes one with Paramaatmaa without any ego of doer of all actions performed by mind, Indriyaan and body, that is called Sanyaas, or Gyaan Yog, or Saankhya Yog.

Gyaan Yogee
Gyaan Yogee is he who attains Brahm (God) through Gyaan (knowledge). But no path - Karm Yog or Saankhya Yog, requires to abandon Karm in any way.

Gyaanee
Learned. Knowledgeable. Who has attained Brahm knowledge.

Hrisheekesh
Krishn's another name.

Jagannivaas
Another name of Bhagavaan. Jagan+Nivaas means in whom the Universe resides.

Kaam
Kaam means desire, it may be for anything - woman, son, child, wife, wealth, property, victory over enemy etc. Sa-Kaam means "with desire", and Nish-Kaam means "without any desire [of fruit]". Karm (action or effort) done to get some result or to fulfill some desire is called Sa-Kaam Karm, while a Karm done without any desire is called Nish-Kaam Karm.

Karan
It includes these 13 - Buddhi, Ahankaar, mind, five Gyaan Indriyaan, five Karm Indriyaan.

Karm, A-Karm, Vi-Karm - 4/17
These three terms have appeared in 4/17, and have been explained in 4/18-23. 

Karm Yog
When a person performs any action without any attachment, it is called Nish-Kaam Karm Yog. The same is called by several names - Karm Yog, Samatwa Yog, Buddhi Yog, Karm Yog, Tadarth Karm, Madarth Karm, Matkarm etc.

Karm Yogee
Who follows Karm Yog is called Karm Yogee.

Kshetra and Kshetragya - 13/1
Kshetra is body, and who knows it by its Tattwa (elements) is Kshetragya. 

Madhyasth - 6/9
Who wishes good for both sides.

Mahaatman
Mahaa means great, Aatman means soul, so Mahaatman means great soul, pure, clean and pious people are called Mahaatmaa or Mahaatman.

Marut Gan
They are 49 in number and are Kashyap and Aditi's sons

Muni
Who always meditates on Paramaatmaa.

Nir-Gun
Nir means "not"; and Gun means attribute, thus Nir-Gun means without any attributes - form, shape, color etc.

Nish
Nish means "not". When added to any word it means "without" it - 
Nish-Kaam means without desire, 
Nish-Kaam Karm Yog   see   Karm Yog
Nish-Karm means where there is no Karm. Where a person's all Karm become A-Karm, means do not yield any results, that state is called Nish-Karm 

Nishthaa
When a person worships Bhagavaan and reaches at the top of its heights, it is called Nishthaa.

Note 18/17
As any Hinsaa (violence) of any living being done by fire, air and water is not called Hinsaa; in the same way if anybody doesn't have the pride of his body and his all actions are selfless and for the good of the world, if any killing is done by him then it is not considered as Hinsaa (killing). Because when there is no attachment, selfishness and egoism in a person, killing is not possible by him. And if any Karm is done without the pride of "I did it", it is A-Karm in reality, that is why that person is not bound to its Paap (sin). (go to Chap 18)

Note 18/30
(1) As king Janak, leading a family life, by abandoning fruit and attachment with pure Buddhi, behaved that is called Pravritti path.
(2) As Shuk Dev Jee and Sanakaadi Muni wander, detached from the world, abandoning the pride of one's body, meditating only on Paramaatmaa, that is called Nivritti path. (go to Chap 18)

Param Gati
Param means the highest, and Gati means state. To unite with Paramaatmaa is the highest state of an individual soul. (see also 8/20-21)

Pleasures and Enjoyments - 15/2
Pleasures and Enjoyments - Sound, touch, form, taste and smell - these five are said "new leaves" because they are subtler than the physical body and the five Gyaan Indriyaan.
Yoni (species) Branches - The main branch is Brahmaa and all Devtaa, human beings and Tiryak Yoni beings have appeared from him only, that is why all those Yoni are called branches only.
Roots - The reason to call Ahankaar (pride), attachment, and lustful desires as roots to bind this Jeev only in Manushya Yoni (human species) according to his Karm, is that the Jeev only suffers or enjoys only the fruits of his Karm in other Yoni; while in Manushya Yoni, he can do new Karm also.

Poshan
Nurturing.

Prakriti
Nature. Three Gunee Maayaa (illusion) which is His power and by which He creates this world.

Purush
Paramaatmaa. God.

Rudra

Sa-Kaam Karm
Sa means with, and Kaam means desire, thus Sa-Kaam means an action done with the desire of something.

Saankhya Yog   see   Gyaan Yog

Saankhya Yogee
Who follows Saankhya Yog or Gyaan Yog.

Saatwik Daan
In whichever country, at whichever time, whatever thing is in scarce, giving the same to the needy people is called Saatwik Daan.

Samadarshee
To see everybody like oneself is seeing Sam. Who sees and behaves like this he is called Samadarshee.

Samatwa Buddhi
In which the mind treats everything as same - pleasure-sorrow, day and night, heat and cold, poverty and prosperity, dust and gold, friend and enemy etc.

Sanaatan
Always present. Eternal.

Sankalp - 6/2, 10/6
(1) Intention. To vow to do something or give something. Thus Sankalp is related to some kind of Karm to be done now or in future. This in turn shows that the person who has taken any Sankalp is still interested in world.
(2) To intend to do something. When Bhagavaan intended to create people, He just thought about them, and they appeared.

Sanyaas   see also   Gyaan Yog
Sanyaas is the third Aashram (stage) of life in a human being's life after Brahmcharya and Grihasth. In this stage one detaches himself from worldly things and responsibilities, and devotes most of his time in worshipping and meditating on Paramaatmaa.

Sanyaasee   see also   Gyaan Yogee
Who follows Sanyaas behavior, he is called Sanyaasee. Whoever follows such life, even without being in that Aashram, he is also called Sanyaasee.

Shauch
Cleanliness of inside and outside. A material is cleaned by pure and truthful behavior. Food earned by such behavior is called clean food. Appropriate conduct with everybody cleans one's own conduct. Water, soil etc clean outside body. These are called the purifier or cleaners of inside body. When one's internal impurities - love, jealousy, cheating etc are destroyed and his heart becomes clean, it is called internal cleanliness.

Shraddhaa
Shraddhaa is a mixture of several things - devotion, trust, faithfulness, love.

Sthirbuddhi
Whose mind is stable in all duals - happiness and sorrows, profit and loss, birth and death etc, such man is called Sthirbuddhi.

Sthitpragya Purush - 2/55-61
There is an immense importance given to this Sthipragya Purush (man) in Geetaa, because this is the first step to be free from Karm bondage. This is the same as Samatwa Buddhi (alikeness minded) person. Because the "stable mind" can be achieved only by feeling alike in all dualities - sorrows and happiness, profit and loss, birth and death etc.

He is called Sthirbuddhi too. Sthirbuddhi means whose mind is stable in all conditions, it is not affected by the dualities of the world - such as pleasure and sorrow, profit and loss, benefit and harm, birth and death, etc. This is because, as soon as one is indulged in any of these situations, he is bound to Karm, and as soon as he is bound to Karm, he is sure to take birth to enjoy the fruits of his Karm, good or bad.

Suhrid - 6/9
Who does good to everybody with selfless mind.

Tap
To be clean by following one's Dharm and conduct, and controlling Indriyaan is called Tap or Tapasyaa.

Tapaswee
Who does Tap.

Tapasyaa   see   Tap

Tattwa (Elements)
To know that the soul is separate from Gun Vibhaag and Karm Vibhaag, is to know about Tattwa; and the knowledge about this is called Tattwa Gyaan.

Udaaseen - 6/9, 9/9
(1) Indifferent, who does not favor anybody. (2) Who does the Karm with the feeling of existence only, not with the feeling of doer, he is called Udaaseen.

Vaikalya
Mistakes. Lack.

Vasu
There are eight Vasu. They are the sons of Daksh's daughter Vasu.

Vigyaan   see   Gyaan Vigyaan

Vikaar
Impurity.

Vreehi
Dhaan. Rice.

World Tree
"Oordhwa-Moolam" - Oordhwa means upward, Moolam means root. The first Purush Vaasudev is said to be Oordhwa-Moolam because of being endless, being Aashraya of everything, and living in the uppermost Lok. Only He is the cause of this world tree, that is why this world tree is called Oordhwa-Moolam. Because a tree starts from its roots and normally roots are at the bottom, but in this case the roots of world tree are at the top that is why it is called "Oordhwa-Moolam".
"Adhah-Shaakham" - Adhah means downward, and Shaakham means branches. Normally branches grow upward, but here, this world tree branches are growing downward as its first branch Brahmaa springs up downward and he lives just below Vaasudev's Lok. For the same reason Hiranyagarbh Brahmaa is not called Parameshwar but Adhah. Only he is the main branch of this world tree because of expanding this world. Since this world expands downward, that is why it is called "Adhah-Shaakham".
A-Vinaashee - The root cause of this tree is Paramaatmaa who is immortal and has been continuing since, that is why He is called A-Vinaashee.
Ved - Because of having appeared from the main branch of this world tree (Brahmaa), to protect and grow this world tree through Yagya etc Karm, and to grace this world tree, Ved are called its leaves.
Knower of the Meaning of the Ved - Appeared from the Yog Maayaa of Bhagavaan, this world is short-lived, mortal and sorrowful; that is why not thinking about it one should think about Parameshwar only and knowing and understanding thus is to know Ved.

Yagya or Havan
With reference to 4/24-28, normally Yagya means doing Havan in which a fire is made and some material is put into that fire. Thus there is a doer, there is fire in which things are burned or sacrificed, and there are things which are to be burned or sacrificed. But there is another meaning of Yagya or Havan. When one sacrifices something, or leaves something that is also called Yagya because in this way some kind of comfort is sacrificed. It is more especially related to a favorite thing, for example if somebody loves to watch TV, and if he quits watching TV, that means that he has done the Yagya of TV - symbolically he has put TV in the fire of his one Indriya (eyes). In the same way if somebody controls his all Indriyaan, it means that he has done Yagya (burned or sacrificed) of all subjects of his all Indriyaan.

Yogee  
Yogee is he who attains Brahm through Karm. But no path - Karm Yog or Saankhya Yog, requires to abandon Karm in any way.

 


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Created by Sushma Gupta on 3/9/02
Contact:  mahaabhaarat@yahoo.com
Updated on 07/19/06