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Plate V, Figure 5. The Elephant
neckless elephant
 

If you gave the neck a length of AF (the brown line), you would need a high withers, but, because of the weight which must be supported due to the structure of the animal, this kind of neck cannot be.
The neck must be very short: "green line." The animal, not being able to reach the ground, requires thus a trunk.
There is all the more evidence in the case of the walrus. It does not need a trunk because it swims for food.
The vertebras of the chest and back must form an arch.
Having only 3 vertebras in the loins, this animal seems shorter in our eyes.

END OF FIRST LESSON.

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Miriam Claude Meijer, Ph.D.
02/16/05