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Sapelo Island's pre-history dates back to the Pleistocene geologic epooch, the latest great ice age. Carbon dating of shells found in Sapelo island dediments indicates that the main part of the island formed 25,000 to 36,000 years ago, while the seaward (Holocene) portion of the island is more recent, being formed about 5,000 years ago. Indian occupation of the island dates back at least 4,500 years through dating of the unusual ceremonial Shell Ring found on the north end of the island. The name "Sapelo" is Indian in origin, being first known (according to Spanish records) as Capala. Europeans arrived here as early as 1521 with Spanish exploration of the coast. In the mid-sixteenth century, a chain of Franciscan missions was established on the coast by Spanish authorities in St. Augustine, one of which was the Sapelo mission of St. Joseph (San Jose de Zapala) established ca. 1573 on the north end of the island. It was abandoned in 1686.
English settlers planted crops on Sapelo before the Revolution. From 1789-1795, the island was owned and cultivated by a group of French investors. The French Sapelo Company was not a success and various portions of the island were purchased by Thomas Spalding beginning in 1802. Most of the residents of the island are decended from the slaves of the 19th century Sapelo plantations. |
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