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- Androgen - Male sex hormone
- Antithyroid antibodies - Antibodies directed
against the thyroid gland
- Armour thyroid - Brand name for a T4/T3 thyroid
hormone replacement made from pigs.
- Autoimmune - The body's own immune system
attacks its own tissues or organs.
- Cold Nodule - A non functioning nodule/lump,
that may be indicative of malignancy.
- Cytomel - Synthetic T3
- D.O. - Doctor of Osteopathy
- Desiccated Thyroid - Nonsynthtetic hormone
replacement made from pigs.
- Eltroxin - Synthetic T4 available only in
Canada.
- Endocrine glands - Ductless organs or groups of
cells that secrete hormones into the body and regulate metabolic
activities.
- Endocrinologist - A doctor who specializes in
endocrine disorders.
- Euthyroid - TSH test values are in normal range.
Neither hyper or hypothyroid by test standards.
- Fine Needle Biopsy - To take samples from
nodules to determine if they are cancerous.
- Free T3 - Measures the concentration of
Triiodothyronine in the serum. Measures both free and bound hormone.
- Free T4 - Measures the concentration of free
thyroxine. It is NOT affected by conditions of pregnancy or estrogen and
androgen replacement.
- Goiter - An enlarged thyroid gland, from either
hyper or hypothyroidism
- Graves Disease - An autoimmune form of
hyperthyroidism.
- Hashimotos Hypothyroidism - Autoimmune
inflammation of the thyroid gland often causes hypothyroidism.
- Hot nodule - lump or mass of thyroid gland
usually associated with hyperthyroidism.
- Hyperthyroidism - Excessive functional activity
of the thyroid.
- Hypothalamus - Part of the brain that conducts
thyroid hormone conversion.
- Hypothyroidism - Inadequate secretion and
function of the thyroid.
- Levothyroxine, Levothyroxine Sodium - The name
for generic synthetic (T4)
- Levothroid - Synthetic T4
- Liotrix - A synthetic T3/T4 drug.
- Liothyronine - The name for generic synthetic
Triiodothonine (T3).
- Metabolism - The process by which oxygen and
calories are converted to energy for use by cells and organs.
- Pituitary Gland - Small gland located behind the
eyes at the base of the brains that releases hormones - including thyroid
stimulating hormone - that control other endocrine glands.
- PMS-Levothyroxine - Synthetic T4
- Propylthiouracil - An antithyroid medication
used for hyperthyroidism that blocks thyroid cells from producing thyroid
hormone. Also known as PTU.
- RAI - Radioactive Iodine, can be used to either
use in a specialized X-ray or to destroy thyroid (usually for Graves disease
and goiters)
- Reverse T3 - A form of inactive triiodothyronine
(T3) that is formed during periods of stress on the body. Also called RT3
- RTH - Resistance to thyroid hormone -
Insufficient cellular response to thyroid hormone that can result in
hypothyroidism.
- Synthroid - Brand name synthetic T4
- T4 to T3 Conversion - A process in which one
molecule is removed from thryoxine (T4), which converts to triiodothyronine
(T3).
- Thyroid Binding Globulin (TBG) - A protein in
the blood that binds with thyroxine.
- Thyroid cancer
- 75% are Papillary and Papillary/follicular
- 15% are Follicular and Hurthle cell
- 7% are Medullary
- 3% are Anaplastic
- Thyroid Gland - A butterfly shaped gland located
in the lower neck in the front of and around the windpipe, that secretes
hormones that control the body's metabolism.
- Thyroid nodules - When the thyroid develops
lumps and cysts
- Thyroid Storm - Life-threatening, uncontrolled
hyperthyroidism characterized by high fever, fast heart rate, dehyration, low
or very high blood pressure, decreased mental ability, and heart failure.
- Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) - Hormones
produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland. TSH is
considered the "gold standard" by endocrinologists to tell whether a person has
thyroid disease. Also know as Thyrotropin.
- Thyroiditis - Inflammation of the thyroid,
common symptoms are: Anxiety, panic attacks, heart palpitations, problems
swallowing, and problems sleeping.
- Thyrotoxicosis - General term for severe
hyperthyroidism that refers to the collection of symptoms and physical changes
regardless of the cause.
- Thyroxine (T4) - The primary hormone produced by
the thyroid gland. Also know as l-thyroxine.
- Total T3 - The increase of T3 is almost all
cases of hyperthyroidism and usually goes up before the T4 does.
- Total T4 - Includes by bound and free thyroxine.
Estrogen and acute liver disease will increase binding, while andogens,
steriods, chronic liver illness can decrease it.
- Triiodothyronine - The stronger of the two key
hormones produced by the thyroid gland and is produced from the conversion of
T4.
- Tyrosine - Amino acid necessary for the
production of the thyroid hormone.
- Unithyroid - Brand name of synthetic T4.
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