MOOD DISORDERS: BIPOLAR DISORDER




Pattern of Symptoms:

 

periods of depression (usually lasting months) alternating with periods of mania (usually lasting weeks) and separated by periods of normal mood and functioning

 

Mania:

 

period of persistent, energetic, euphoric, expansive or irritable mood

increased self esteem, grandiosity

decreased sleep without fatigue

talkativeness, racing thoughts, distractibility, impulsiveness

psychomotor agitation, restlessness

increased goal-directed behavior (cleaning house, landscaping yard, working overtime, writing a book--all in one day)

irresponsible pleasure-seeking behavior (causal sex or infidelity, shopping sprees, impulsive business decisions or investments)

 

Hypomania:

mild mania

patients generally able to control irresponsible behavior




Types:

Bipolar disorder (most common): gradually cycling (over years)

Rapid cycling (uncommon): four or more episodes per year

Bipolar manic disorder (uncommon): cycling between normal and manic without periods of depression


Cause and Onset

strong genetic link, tends to run in families, might be due to gene on chromosome 18

identical twins have 50% concordance

likely caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors

men and women nearly equally affected

onset usually in teens and 20s, generally starts with depression


Prognosis

is a life-long disorder

treatment is often successful

compliance with treatment is sometimes difficult

poor compliance or treatment-resistant can lead to significant disability

manic behavior can result in disastrous consequences

significant suicide risk


Treatment

Lithium side effects include sedation, dysphoria, weight gain

Antidepressants are sometimes used during depressive phases

Antipsychotics are sometimes used during manic phases

Calcium channel blockers and antiseizure meds are used for treatment-resistant or rapid cycling





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Introduction
Depression
Bipolar Disorder (you are here)
Schizophrenia
Anxiety Disorders
Personality Disorders
Attention Deficit Disorder
Other Disorders
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