Dictionary Of Hindoo Religion

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Gaandeev
Gaandeev was Arjun's famous bow. It was given to him by Agni Dev when he gratified him by burning Khaandav Van.

Gaargee
A learned woman who had the conversation with Yaagyavalkya Rishi. Their conversation is given in Brihadaaranya Upanishad.

Gaarhapatya Fire     see also      Agni (Under "The Agni Deity"
This is one of the three sacred Fires which is maintained and worshipped by a householder. According to Devee Bhaagvat, he is one of the three sons of Agni Dev and Swaahaa (Devee's one form) - Gaarhapatya Agni (the fire worshipped in the home), Dakshinaagni (the fire placed in the south) and Aahvaaneeya Agni (the sacred fire lit for a specific spiritual purpose).

Gaayatree
(1) A type of Chhand - meter of poetry. (2) Mantra. Any Mantra may be called Gaayatree Mantra if it satisfies Gaayatree Chhand's requirements. But Gaayatree Mantra is more famous by a certain Mantra which was composed by Vishwaamitra.   see   Gaayatree Mantra   below

Gaayatree Mantra

Gadaa
(1) Club.  (2) Mace. Gadaa can be used in four types - (1) hurling it from a distance, (2) striking it at foes who are near, (3) whirling it at the midst of many, and (4) driving the foe before.

Gaj
Elephant. Haathee. It is believed that the old incident - Gaj (the king of the forest) and Graah (crocodile - the king of the waters) fight happened in Sonpur, Bihaar.

Gajaanan
Whose face is of elephant. Another name of Ganesh.

Gan
(1) Troop.  (2) Group.  (3) Group of men or angels under the superintendence of Ganesh Jee. That is why he is called Ganapati or Ganaadhipati also.

Ganagaur
Celebrated on Chaitra Shukla Triteeyaa by women. It is said that on this day Paarvatee blesses women for the long life of their husbands. This festival is popular in Raajsthaan.

Ganapati
Who is the Lord of Gan (servants). Another name of Ganesh.

Ganapati Stotra
A special prayer in praise of Ganesh.

Gandhaar
The third note of North Indian music. There are seven notes in North Indian music - Shadaj, Rishabh, Gandhaar, Madhyam, Pancham, Dhaivat, and Nishaad.

Gandharv
Male fairies living in Heaven. They are the musicians in Indra's court. Their counterparts, female fairies, are called Apsaraa. They are the consorts of Gandharv. Gandharv is also the name of an Indian tribe.

Gandharv Vivaah
One of the eight types of marriages prescribed by Manu. This is love marriage, without ceremony, with the consent of boy and girl.

Ganesh
Believed to be the son of Shiv and Paarvatee Jee. Younger brother of Kaartikeya. Elephant-headed god of Hindoo. He is worshipped first among all Devtaa. He has 108 names, some of them are - Gajaanan, Ganapati, Vaachaspati, Vaageesh, Vighnesh, Vinaayak.

Ganesh Chaturthee
Bhaadrapad Shukla Chaturthee which is considered the birth date of Ganesh.

Garud

Garuddhwaj

Garud Puraan       see also       Puraan
One of the main 18 Puraan. According to Aangiras (p 122), its contents have doubtful value.

Gati
(1) Status. (2) Situation. When a soul is born in lower species, it is said to have bad Gati. Born being a human being is considered a good Gati on Prithvi. In after life if somebody goes to Hell, he is said to have bad Gati. Going to Heaven is a good Gati, and attaining Moksh is the best Gati.

Gauraang
(1) Fair-complexioned. (2) Another name of Chaitanya Mahaaprabhu.

Geetaa
Book of songs. Short name of Bhagavad Geetaa - the dialog between Krishn and Arjun, found in MBH.

Gems
Expensive stones, such as (1) Heeraa (diamond), (2) Laal, or Chunnee (ruby), (3) Neelam, or Padm-raag, or Indraneel (sapphire), (4) Motee or Muktaa (pearl), (5) Moongaa (coral), (6) Pannaa or Marakat (emerald).

Geroo
A type of red clay which is mostly used in drawing Mandals and other Devtaa-related drawings. It comes in hard lumps, so it is ground and mixed with water, which gives a kind of red ink. Then this ink is used to draw figures on floor or walls. For beauty, other colors are also diluted and filled in thos drawings made by Geroo. It is very popular in north India.

Ghaat
A place on the banks of river, where one can take bath safely. There are several such famous places on various holy rivers, such as Dashaashwamedh Ghaat, Manikarnikaa Ghaat etc

Ghadee
A time period in Indian religious astrology - 24 minutes. 
60 Ghadee makes 1 day.  60 x 24 minutes = 1440 minutes;  1440/60 minutes = 144/6 = 24 hours = 1 day.

Ghantaa
(1) Bell.  (2) Hour - 1/24th part of one day.

Ghatee     see      Ghadee

Ghee
Clarified butter. Butter is boiled and its water content is dried. the remains is called Ghee. It is used to light lamp before God, making sweets and food. Normally people do not use oil to light lamps in religious ceremonies. In India people use it in cooking and eat it in their daily food items.

Go (Gau)
Cow. For several centuries, cow has been a sacred animal in Hindoo society. It is interesting to know as how it came to be a sacred animal. In the early Vaidik times, the cow did not have any special place. In fact the Hindoo of early Vaidik age ate beef as it is evident from Rig Ved and Uttar-Raamcharit of Bhavabhooti. In due course they found that eating beef was not a good idea since it was harmful to human body. The germ of this experience is also present in Rig Ved  itself, where the term "Aghnya" suggests it. As time passed Hindoo stopped eating beef and became vegetarian.

History is repeating itself in west. They are rediscovering that beef and other meats are harmful for human body and are becoming vegetarian. The Hindoo society did not have large dairy farms. Each family owned its own cow or cows to provide milk, butter, cheese etc. Thus they became the family member and as such people found them difficult to kill that cow which provided milk etc for so long for the family.
[Aangiras, p 126-127]

Go-Charm (Bhoomi)       see also      Distance
2,100 arm-length (2 arm-length = 1 yard, thus 2,100 arm-length land is about 1,050 yard land) land is called Go-Charm Bhoomi (land).
(Naarad Puraan, p 721)

Go-Daan     see also       Daan
Gift of cow or cows. Go-Daan has a great importance in Hindoo religion.

Go-Maya
Cow dung.

Gopaal Sahstranaam
A book of poems mentioning 1,000 names of Krishn

Gope
Cowherd

Gopee
Cowherdess

Gopee Chandan
Soil of Dwaarakaa.

Gopuram
Literally means "Cow city". The term first assigned to the Vaidik village, later assigned to the gate of the city and finally the monumental entrance. This type of tower is distinguished from the Vimaan by its oblong plan at the top which is an elongated vaulted roof with gable ends. It has pronouncing sloping sides, usually 65 degrees, so that the section at the top is about half the size of the base. Although the first two storeys are usually built solidly of stone masonry, the rest is of lighter material, usually brick and plaster. One can see the Paandyaa Gopuram at Jambookeshwar near Tiruchiraapallee and in Chidaambaram and Tirumalai Temples.

Gotra
Clan. In the beginning of the creation, when families started, individual sons were treated as of individual families and Gotra. Gotra is mainly used in marriages. Children of the same Gotra do not usually marry. They are somewhat considered like brothers and sisters and brothers and sisters do not marry each other.
-------------
The original classification of Braahman was based on 7 ancient priest families. Gotra were the family names derived from the original Rishi, such as Vashishth, Kashyap etc. As the population increased these 7 Gotra began to be considered as Mool Gotra (original Gotra). Sub-divisions of these Gotra were created in hundreds all traceable to original Gotra. The Gotra of Kshatriya and Vaishya were based on the Gotra of their family-priest from ancient times.
[Aangiras, p 127]

Graam
(1) 1/1000th part of Kilogram a measure to weigh dry things.  (2) Village

Graas
Kaur. Morsel.

Graha       see also      Individual Planets
Planets.  According to Hindoo astrology, there are nine planets - (1) Soorya (the Sun), (2) Chandra (the Moon), (3) Mangal (Mars), (4) Budh or Kujaa (Mercury), (5) Brihaspati or Guru (Jupiter), (6) Shukra (Venus), (7) Shani (Saturn), (8) Raahu, and (9) Ketu. Our Prithvi (the Earth) is also a planet, but it is not counted as planet while seeing other planets' affect on Prithvi or its people. Read about Ratn or gems according to Graha  at Ratn. All Graha have their own Devtaa, read about them at  Graha Devtaa.
[Read more about Planets in Bhaagvat Puraan, 5/7]

 Graha Devtaa

Grahan
(1) Accepting.  (2) Grasping.  (3) Eclipse. There are two Grahan - Soorya Grahan (Solar eclipse) and Chandra Grahan (Lunar eclipse). Soorya Grahan alwyas falls on Amaavasyaa (New Moon day) and Chandra Grahan always falls on Poornimaa (Full Moon day). Both periods are considered auspicious for charity (Daan).

Grains      see also     Cereals
(1) A single unit of a cereal or pulse, or anything. (2) An imperial measurement of weight for dry things

Granthi
(1) Knot. (2) Problem. 
There are seven Granthi mentioned in Naarad Puraan, p 405 - Kalaa, Kaal (Time), Niyati (destiny), Vidyaa (knowledge), Raag (intense love), Prakriti (five Bhoot), and Gun (attributes - three Gun - Sat, Raj, and Tam).

Grih
House or home.

Grih Devtaa
Deity of some family. Many families have their own Deity to worship for. These Grih Devtaa are always worshipped on all important occasions of the family, such as births, marriages, any religious Sanskaar etc.

Grihya-Sootra
A book describing how sacraments should be performed. Several writers have written such books, the more well-known among them being Aashwalaayan, Gobhil, Hiranyakeshee, Paaraskar, Shankhaayan and Aapastamb. All of these books are very similar to each other in contents and were perhaps written during 600 BC - 200 BC period. Much of the materials of these books has been obsolete except some Mantra borrowed from Ved. A new Grihya-Sootra has been written by Aangiras Muni based on Rig Ved, Atharv Ved and other sources to make it meaningful to modern times.

Gun       see also      Gun Vibhaag and Karm Vibhaag
Quality, a natural tendency. There are three Gun, called also Tri-Gun - 
1. Saatwik, or Sato Gun is the tendency to think and perform virtuous deeds
2. Raajas, or Rajo Gun denotes the passion for acquiring worldly pleasures.
3. Taamasik, or Tamo Gun denotes laziness and ignorance
Since they are the attributes, these can be attached to many things, for example, Tri-Gunee Prakriti, Tri-Gunee Karm, Tri-Gunee creation, etc. Men are said to have all three natures in different proportions. The ideal is to shed Raajas and Taamas and adopt pure Saatwik nature.

Gun Vibhaag and Karm Vibhaag
All the ten Indriyaan (5 Gyaanendriya and 5 Karmendriya), their five pleasures (seeing, smelling, hearing, tasting and feeling), three Gun (Sat, Raj, and Tam), Maayaa's five Mahaabhoot (fire, air, earth, water and sky), Man (mind), Buddhi (intelligence), Ahankaar all jointly are called "Gun Vibhaag" and their actions are called "Karm Vibhaag". Vibhaag means division or sections. When somebody knows Aatmaa (soul), which is separate from "Gun Vibhaag" and "Karm Vibhaag", he is said to know about Tattwa (element).

Gunaateet [Geetaa, 14/21-27]
A compound word. Gun (attributes) and Ateet (beyond), means who is beyond the three Gun, or who is not affected by Gun. There are three Gun - Sat, Raj, and Tam. Sat Gun produces Gyaan, Raj Gun inspires for actions and Tam Gun makes a man ignorant. When these three Gun do not affect a person, he is called Gunaateet.

Guru        see also        Aachaarya Upaadhyaaya
(1) Teacher. (2) Well educated, well skilled in some art or science.
(3) [Bhavishya Puraan, p 15] Who performs Garbhaadhann Sanskaar etc and feeds with Ann, that Braahman is called Guru. (4) Elder or older people and more educated and learned people are also called Guru. They are not teachers as such, but Guru word is used for them in the sense of older people and more educated and learned people, such as "Guru Jan are around.", means older people and more learned people are around.

Guru Deekshaa
Vow of rituals.

Gurukul
In ancient India, children used to go to Gurukul, where they lived to get education. Guru's wife used to take care of them. After they finished their education, they went back to home and marry and lead family life.

Gyaan
(1) Knowledge of Shaastra. (2) Bodh power - power to discriminate between good and bad. (3) [Padm Puraan, 3/4] says by whichever knowledge one knows Bhagavaan, is called Gyaan.   (3) Awareness.
(4) [Bhavishya Puraan, 1/1
], says that there are 14 types of Gyaan - 4 Ved (Rig, Yajur, Saam, and Atharv); 6 Vedaang (Shikshaa, Kalp, Nirukt, Vyaakaran, Chhand, and Jyotish); Meemaansaa; Nyaaya, Puraan; and Dharm Shaastra - including Aayur Ved, Dhanur Ved, Gaandharv Ved and Arth Shaastra (economics) - they constitute the 18 knowledge.

Gyaan Indriyaan       see      Indriyaan

Gyaan Yog      see     Yog

Gyaat
(1) Known.  (2) Understood.  (3) Mentally grasped.
Its antonym is A-Gyaat.

Gyaataa
Knower who wants to know something.

Gyeya
By which something is known.

 

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Created and Maintained by Sushma Gupta
Created on 03/15/2006 and Updated on 01/09/2009
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