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Soorya
(Sun)
1. Soorya Dev
is considered a Vaidik Divinity. God expresses His power in many ways,
one of them is Soorya. He appears in his golden chariot everyday. There
are several hymns devoted to Soorya in Rig Ved.
2. [Bhavishya
Puraan, 1/14] says that its diameter is 9,000 Yojan and circumference is
27,000 Yojan. There are 20 names of Soory'a rays - Heti, Kiran, Gau, Rashmi, Gabhasti,
Abheeshu, Ghan, Ustra, Vasu, Mareechi, Naadee, Deedhiti, Saadhya,
Mayookh, Bhaanu, Anshu, Saptaarchi, Suparn, Kar and Paad; which are
otherwise 1,000 in number. From among them, 400 rays, whose name is Chandan,
shower rains, they are like Amrit. Among the rest, 300 rays bear Him
(snow), and their name is Chandra and color is yellow. And the rest 300
rays produce sunshine, and their name is Shukla. These all rays satisfy
human beings, Pitar and Devtaa in the form of medicinal herbs, Swadhaa
and Amrit.
His 300 rays gives light to each of three Lok - Bhoor Lok, Bhuvar Lok, and
Swar Lok; and his 100 rays gives light to Paataal Lok. All planets shine
through his light only. Among his 1,000 rays, seven rays are chief rays
- Sushumnaa, Harikesh, Vishwakarmaa, Soorya, Rashmi, Vishnu, and Sarvbandhu.
Soorya
or Sun has 12 Kalaa (phases) - (1) Tapinee, (2) Taapinee, (3) Dhumraa,
(4) Mareechi, (5) Jwaalinee, (6) Ruchi, (7) Sushumnaa, (8) Bhogadaa, (9)
Vishwaa, (10) Bodhinee, (11) Dhaarinee, and (12) Kshamaa.
(Naarad Puraan, p 414)
Soorya Siddhaant
The first Hindoo treatise on astronomy (300 AD) by an unnamed author.
Soorya's Names
(1) Aaditya, (2) Ark,
(3) Bhaanu, (4) Bhaaskar, (5) Divaakar, (6) Mitra, (7) Pooshaa, (8) Soorya,
(9) Suvarnretaa, (10) Swayambhoo, (11) Timiraash, (12) Twashtaa,
Who reads these 12 names
daily, he gets Param Gati being free from sins and diseases.
He has some other names also. Who remembers these names he is not to be scared
from any disease.
Tapan, Taapan, Kartaa, Hartaa, Maheshwar, Loksaakshee, Trilokesh,
Vyomaadhip, Divaakar, Agnigarbh, Mahaavipra, Khag, Saptaashwavaahan, Padmhast,
Tamobhedee, Rigved, Yajuhsaamag, Kaalpriya, Pundareek, Moolsthaan, and
Bhaavit.
[Padm Puraan, 1/25]
Soorya's 12 Names in Bhavishya Puraan, p 73
Soory's
Names in Bhavishya Puraan |
Soorya's
Names in Other Puraan |
Vaishaakh
in Chaitra, |
Dhaataa
in Chaitra, |
Dhaataa
in Vaishaakh |
Aryamaa
in Vaishaakh, |
Indra
in Jyeshth |
Mitra
in Jyeshth, |
Ravi
in Aashaadh |
Varun
in Aashaadh, |
Nabh
in Shraavan, |
Indra
in Shraavan, |
Yam
in Bhaadrapad, |
Vivaswaan
in Bhaadrapad, |
Parjanya
in Aashwin, |
Pooshaa
in Aashwin, |
Twashtaa
in Kaartik, |
Parjanya
in Kaartik, |
Mitra
in Maargsheersh, |
Ansh
in Maargsheersh |
Vishnu
in Paush, |
Bhag
in Paush, |
Varun
in Maagh |
Twashtaa
in Maagh, and |
Soorya
in Phaalgun. |
Vishnu
in Phaalgun |
It seems that this difference is because of the difference of Kalp.
* Aryamaa is the Deity which endows eyes with the radiance of the sun.
Soorya's
12 General Names
(1)
Aaditya, (2) Savitaa, (3) Soorya, (4) Mihir, (5) Ark, (6) Prataapan, (7)
Maartand, (8) Bhaaskar, (9) Bhaanu,
(10) Chitrabhaanu, (11) Divaakar, (12) Ravi.
(Bhavishya Puraan, p 104)
Names
of 12 Aaditya
(1) Vishnu, (2) Dhaataa, (3) Bhag, (4) Pooshaa, (5) Mitra, (6) Indra,
(7) Varun, (8) Aryamaa, (9) Vivaswaan,
(10) Anshumaan, (11) Twashtaa, (12) Parjanya.
(Bhavishya Puraan, p 104)
12
Aaditya's
Names Appearing in 12 Months in Bhavishya Puraan, p 104 |
|
Vishnu in Chaitra |
|
Aryamaa in Vaishaakh |
|
Vivaswaan in Jyeshth |
|
Anshumaan in Aashaadh |
|
Parjanya in Shraavan |
|
Varun in Bhaadrapad |
|
Indra in Aashwin |
|
Dhaataa in Kaartik |
|
Mitra in Maargsheersh |
|
Pooshaa in Paush |
|
Bhag in Maagh |
|
Twashtaa in Phaalgun |
|
The Sun
Deity
This Deity is not the Sun in the
sky, but is the one from which the basic absolute the Fire element is
created. Some contexts also refer to the visible Sun which symbolizes
the subtle Sun.
A. Names of the Sun Deity - The
Sun Deity has several Names. Twelve of them are names of the Aaditya.
When performing Soorya Namaskaar (the solar bent posture) his following
twelve Names are chanted : 1. Mitra, 2. Ravi, 3. Soorya, 4. Bhaanu, 5.
Khag, 6. Pooshaa, 7. Hiranyagarbh, 8. Mareechi, 9. Aaditya, 10.
Saavitree, 11. Ark and 12. Bhaaskar. The word Aaditya (आदित्य) is
derived from Aadi (आदि) and Atya (अत्य). Aadi means from the beginning
and Atya means till the present moment.
The table above "Soorya's Names in Bhavishya Puraan" gives the Names of
the Sun Deity suitable for chanting in different months. If the name of
the Sun Deity which matches the month is considered as 100%, then in
comparison to the other names which are of only 95% importance for that
month.
B. His Birth - There are several references about his birth as the son of Indra, the son of Mitra-Varun, the son of Som, the son of Indra-Som, the
son of Indra-Vishnu, the son of Indra-Varun, the son of Agni and Dhaataa
and that of Agniras.
C. Mission and special features -
Priest of the deities,
Creation of the universe, the life of all living beings is dependent on the sun as it gives both
radiance and light.
The Sun deity eliminates physical illnesses and endows longevity.
The chariot of the Sun deity has one wheel and seven horses. Serpents
are the reins. The chariot flies through the sky without touching the
ground. Its charioteer, Arun does not have legs. Despite this due to His
sattva component the Sun deity is constantly able to travel through the
entire sky, that is why poets have praised Him. When the chariot of the
Sun deity approaches the earth the charioteer is seen first and only
then the Sun deity. That is why the advent of dawn that is rise of Arun
(arunoday) occurs before sunrise (suryoday) !
Ability and manifest energy -
Ability : Creation 40%, sustenance 10% and dissolution 50%
The rotation of the Sun is akin to this. Its stage of "sustenance" of 12
noon lasts only for a short period. The stage of ‘creation’ preceding it
and the stage of ‘dissolution’ following it lasts for a longer duration.
Manifest energy : 10%.
Information on Soorya frequencies is given in ‘Science of Spirituality :
Chapter 20 - Holy festivals, point - Gudee Padavaa’.
D. Science behind the idol - In the ancient times the image of the sun
was represented by carving or drawing a round dish with rays of
sunlight. It was during the reign of the Mouryas and the Shrungas that
idols in a human form began to be used in ritualistic worship. Temples
of the Sun deity were mostly constructed during the reign of the Gupta
dynasty. One comes across these temples in Gvalior, Mandasaur, Indore,
Multan, Konark, Kashmir, Khadayat (Gujarat), Patan, Gaya, Jhashi, Nashik,
Aurangabad, etc.
E. Family -
Consorts: According to the Rig Ved - Ushaa, Pratyooshaa, Sandhyaa and Chaayaa.
According to the Matsya Puran - Raagyee, Savarnaa, Chaayaa and Suvarchaa
Sons : Nasatya, Dastra (Ashwinee Kumaar), Revant, Vaivasvat Manu (Deity of
making an offering to ancestors (Shraaddh Dev), Yam, Yamunaa, Saavarni
Manu, Shani, Tapatee, Vishti, Prabhat and Raivat.
Charioteer and elder brother : Arun
The one who carries a staff : Raja and Shrosh
Writer : Pingal
Guardian Deities of the entrance (Dwaarpaal) : Kalmash and various birds
from creation
Aadityas : The twelve months of the year have one Aaditya each and they
assist the sun in governing the cycle of Nature. (Aaditya is also a Name
of the Sun deity.)
Deities in the retinue: "Mitra is a Vedic deity. Based on the quality of
“governing the path of the sun”, in the Braahman holy text Mitra is
associated with the day and Varun (deity of rain) with the night. In
literature on rituals of five sacrifices (Yagyas) Mitra is referred to
as the white and Varun as the black animal. This will illustrate how
Mitra and Varun were considered as the Deities of the day and night
respectively. The indistinct statement in the Vaidik texts which states
that Mitra is the Sun deity is supported by the holy text, Avestya of
the Zoroastrians.’ (1) The Sun seen on the earth is referred to as Mitra.
Mitra acquires frequencies of radiance through a series of Suns
beginning from the basic Sun Deity. All the satellites of the Sun
acquire vital energy (Praan) or radiance (Tej) from the Sun Deity.
F. Spiritual practice of the Sun deity - Intolerable: First chant any Name of the Sun
Deity and then the name of any superior deity which one has not chanted
before, each for two minutes. The Gaayatree Mantra is also a form of
worship of the Sun deity.
Synonyms of
Soorya -
Aaditya, Anshumaan, Ark, Aryamaa,
Bhaanu, Bhaaskar, Bhag,
Divaakar,
Haritaashwa,
Lolaark,
Maartand, Matang, Mihir,
Pooshaa, Prabhaakar,
Rashmimaalee, Rashmirathee (who rides on rays), Ravi,
Sahastra-Rashmi (who has a
thousand rays), Savitaa,
Tripuraantak,
Vibhaavasu, Vivaswaan.
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