All of these have
passwords.
The password in the first one is CATS, the password in the second one is DOGS, and the password in the third is FISH. The top alphabet is called the code alphabet. The bottom alphabet is the real, or
plaintext alphabet.
All of the above codes are different examples of one type of code called the Julius Caesar Cipher. (Join our chat room) It was named after the Roman emperor Julius Caesar, who is said to have used such codes. Here is how it works. The top alphabet is the code alphabet, and the bottom is the real, or plaintext alphabet. You find the letter you are writing in the plaintext alphabet, then look at the code alphabet. The code alphabet will have a different letter, and that is the letter you write down.
The last one created the code by spaces, not using a password.