Cats arthritis
In this scenario, the activated macrophage continuously secretes IL-1 and TNF which maintain the synovial fibroblast in an activated state (slide). cats arthritis Elbow-joint. The fibroblast, in turn, secretes large amounts of: a) cytokines - IL6, IL8 and GM-CSF; b) prostaglandins; and c) protease enzymes. GM-CSF feeds back to promote the maturation of newly recruited monocytes to macrophages. IL-8 and IL-6 contribute to the recruitment and/or activation of yet other cell populations, while the prostaglandins and proteases act directly to erode and destroy nearby connective tissues such as bone and cartilage. cats arthritis American academy of pain management. This process is elaborated further below. (top of section)Inflammatory mediators in RA In addition to activating synovial cells to secrete inflammatory mediators (slide), IL-1 and TNF also have profound systemic effects (slide). For example, increased systemic levels of TNF and IL-1 are associated with fever, muscle wasting and decreased appetite. cats arthritis Facial pain. Some of these effects are mediated via the induction of IL-6 synthesis. Mature plasma cells that secrete rheumatoid factor are another prominent cellular component of rheumatoid synovium. The stimulus for maturation of B cells to immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells has classically been ascribed to CD4+ T cells; however, as already noted, CD4+ T cells are not activated in the chronic phase of rheumatoid arthritis. IL-6, however, is a potent stimulus for maturation of B cells to plasma cells. Thus, synovial fibroblasts are likely providing the "T cell independent" stimulus for continuous plasma cell activation and rheumatoid factor production. IL-6 also suppresses albumin synthesis by the liver and stimulates acute phase protein synthesis (slide). IL-6, therefore, contributes significantly to ESR elevation. Neutrophils are recruited in very large numbers to the rheumatoid cavity where they can be aspirated in the synovial fluid. Complement activation is not a prominent feature of RA. Therefore, C5a is unlikely to contribute significantly to the recruitment of neutrophils to the joint. IL-8, however, is also a potent and specific chemotactic stimulus for neutrophils (slide).
Cats arthritis
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