The Zhen and Wen Groups
真 文 文
*-in *-+n *-un
II A28 山 C26 產 D31 襉 -(w)ean
III A17 真 C16 軫 D21 震 -(j)in
A18 諄 C17 準 D22 稕 -j(w)in
A19 臻 -in
IV B01 先 C27 銑 D32 霰 -(w)en
I A24 痕 C22 很 D27 恨 -on
A23 魂 C21 混 D26 慁 -won
II A28 山 C26 產 D31 襉 -(w)ean
III A21 欣 C19 隱 D24 焮 -j+n
A20 文 C18 吻 D23 問 -jun
A17 真 C16 軫 D21 震 -(w)in
A18 諄 C17 準 D22 稕 -j(w)in
A19 臻 -in
IV B01 先 C27 銑 D32 霰 -(w)en
Group IX GSR 0361-0392
III yen > yen (A17真,C16軫,D21震) ywen > yuen (A18諄,C17準,D22稕)
III yen > yaen (A19臻)
IV ieen > ieen (B01先,C27銑,D32霰) iween > iween (B01先,C27銑,D32霰)
天 tian < then < *hlin 'sky, heaven' (GSR361a *thieen/thieen)
田 tian2 < den < *din 'field' (GSR362a *dhieen/dhieen)
真 zhen < tsyin < *tjin 'true, real' (GSR375a *tjyen/tsjyen)
引 yin3 < yinX < *ljinQ 'draw, lead' (GSR371a *dyen/yen:)
人 ren2 < nyin < *njin 'person' (GSR388a *njyen/nzjyen)
身 shen < syin < *hljin 'body' (GSR386a *sjyen/sjyen)
Group IV GSR 0416-0485
I 6n > 6n (A24痕,C22很,D27恨) w6n > u6n (A23魂,C21混,D26慁)
II aen > an (A28山,C26產,D31襉) waen > wan (A28山,C26產,D31襉)
III y6n > y6n (A21欣,C19隱,D24焮) yw6n > yu6n (A20文,C18吻,D23問)
III y6n > yen (A17真,C16軫,D21震) yw6n > yuen (A18諄,C17準,D22稕)
III yaen > yaen (A19臻)
III yaen > yen (A17真,C16軫,D21震) ywaen > ywen (A17真,C16軫,D21震)
IV i6n > ieen (B01先,C27銑,D32霰) iw6n > iween (B01先,C27銑,D32霰)
門 men2 < mwon < *m+n 'gate, door' (GSR441a *mw6n/mu6n)
問 wen4 < mjunH < *mjuns 'ask' (GSR441g *myw6n/myu6n-)
文 wen2 < mjun < *mj+n 'pattern, culture' (GSR475a *myw6n/myu6n)
君 jun < kjun < *kjun 'lord' (GSR459a *kyw6n/kyu6n)
先 xian < sen < *s+n 'first' (GSR478a *si6n/sieen)
焚 fen2 < bjun < *bjun 'to burn' (GSR474a *bhyw6n/bhyu6n)
輪 lun2 < lwin < *C-rjun 'wheel' (GSR470f *lyw6n/lyuen)
巾 jin < kin < *krj+n 'scarf' (GSR482a *kyaen/kyen)
The Yuan Group
元 元 元
*-en *-an *-on
I A25 寒 C23 旱 D28 翰 -an
A26 桓 C24 緩 D29 換 -wan
II A27 刪 C25 潸 D30 諫 -(w)aen
A28 山 C26 產 D31 襉 -ean
III A22 元 C20 阮 D25 願 -j(w)on
B02 仙 C28 獮 D33 線 -j(w)(i)en
IV B01 先 C27 銑 D32 霰 -(w)en
Group I GSR 0139-0267
I AAn > AAn (A25寒,C23旱,D28翰) wAAn > uAAn (A26桓,C24緩,D29換)
II aan > aan (A27刪,C25潸,D30諫) waan > waan (A27刪,C25潸,D30諫)
II an > an (A28山,C26產,D31襉) wan > wan (A28山,C26產,D31襉)
III yaan > yEEn (B02仙,C28獮,D33線) ywaan > ywEEn (B02仙,C28獮,D33線)
III yan > yEn (A22元,C20阮,D25願) ywan > ywEn (A22元,C20阮,D25願)
IV iaan > ieen (B01先,C27銑,D32霰) iwaan > iween (B01先,C27銑,D32霰)
山 shan < srean < *srjan 'mountain' (GSR193a *san/sran)
仙 xian < sjen < *sjan 'immortal' (GSr193f *syaan/syEEn)
元 yuan2 < ngjwon < *ngwjan 'prime' (GSR257a *ngywan/ngywEn)
干 gan < kan < *kan 'shield' (GSR139a *kAAn/kAAn)
環 huan2 < hwaen < *wren 'ring' (GSR256n *ghwaan/gxwaan)
間 jian < kean < *kren 'between' (GSR191a *kan/kan)
The Zhi and Wu Groups
質 物 物
*-it *-+t *-ut
II E15 黠 -(w)eat
III E05 質 -(j)(w)it
E07 櫛 -it
IV E16 屑 -(w)et
I E11 沒 -(w)ot
II E14 黠 -(w)eat
III E09 迄 -j+t
E08 物 -jut
E05 質 -(w)it
E07 櫛 -it
IV E16 屑 -(w)et
質 zhi4 < tsyit < * (GSR493a *tjy6t/tsjyet 'substance')
內 nei4 < nwojH < *nuts < *nups 'inside' (GSR695e *nw6b/*nw6d/nuAi-)
Group V GSR 0486-0507
I w6t > u6t (E11沒)
II aet > at (E15轄) waet > wat (E15轄)
III y6t > y6t (E09迄) yw6t > yu6t (E08物)
III y6t > yet (E05質) yw6t > yuet (E06術)
III ywaet > yuet (E06術)
IV i6t > ieet (E16屑) iw6t > iweet (E16屑)
芾 fu2 < pjut < *pjut 'apron' (GSR501c *pyw6t/pyu6t 'knee covers')
筆 bi3 < pit < *prjut 'pen' (GSR502d *ply6t/pyet)
[bi3 < pit < *prj+t < prjw+t < *prjut; see rules p. 441]
律 luu4 < lwit < *b-rjut 'row; pitchpipe' (GSR502c *blywet/lyuet)
沒 mo4 < mwot < *mut 'disappear' (GSR492b *mw6t/mu6t)
出 chu < tsyhwit < *thjut 'go out' (GSR496a *thjyw6t/tshjyuet)
出 chui4 < tsyhwijH < *thjuts 'bring out' (GSR496a *thjyw6d/tshjwi-)
卒 zu2 < tswit < *tsjut < *Stjut 'finish' (GSR490a *tsw6t/tsu6t)
悖 bei4 < bwojH < *buts 'rebellious' (GSR491d *bhw6t/bhu6t)
忽 hu < xwot < *hmut 'careless' (GSR503l *xmw6t/xu6t)
物 wu4 < mjut < *mjut 'thing' (GSR503h *myw6t/myu6t)
述 shu4 < zywit < *Ljut 'transmit' (GSR497e *dhjyw6t/dzhjyuet)
Group VI GSR 0508-0540
I 6d > Ai (A16咍,C15海,D19代) w6d > uAi (A15灰,C14賄,D18隊)
II aed > ai (A14皆,C13駭,D16怪) waed > wai (A14皆,C13駭,D16怪)
III y6d > j6i (A08微,C07尾,D08未) yw6d > jw6i (A08微,C07尾,D08未)
III y6d > ji (A06脂,C05旨,D06至) yw6d > jwi (A06脂,C05旨,D06至)
III yaed > ji (A06脂,C05旨,D06至) ywaed > jwi (A06脂,C05旨,D06至)
IV i6d > ieei (A12齊,C11薺,D12霽) iw6d > iweei (A12齊,C11薺,D12霽)
愛 ai4 < qojH < *q+ts 'love, grudge' (GSR508a *q6d/qAi-)
對 dui4 < twojH < *tuts < *tups < *k-lups (GSR511a *tw6b/*tw6d/tuAi-)
謂 wei4 < hjw+jH < *wj+ts 'to say, call' (GSR523d *gyw6d/jw6i-)
妹 mei4 < mwojH < *m+ts 'younger sister' (GSR531k *mw6d/muAi-)
逮 dai4 < dojH < *(g-)l+its (< *(g-)l+ps) (GSR509c *dh6d/dhAi-)
位 wei4 < hwijH < *wrj+ts < *(w)rj+ps (GSR539a *gywaed/jwi-)
退 tui4 < thwojH < *hnuts < *hnups 'retire' (GSR512a *thw6d/thuAi-)
溉 gai4 < kojH < *kits 'to wash' (GSR515l *k6d/kAi-/gai)
溉 [ji4] < kj+jH D08 溉灌,又古代切
蔇 ji4 D08 說文曰艸多貌
Group X GSR 0393-0411
III yet > yet (E05質) ywet > yuet (E06術)
III yet > yaet (E07櫛)
IV ieet > ieet (E16屑) iweet > iweet (E16屑)
結 jie2 < ket < *kit (< *kikQ) 'tie' (GSR393p *kieet/kieet)
髻 ji4 < kejH < *kits (< *kiksQ) ''hair-knot' (GSR393t *kieed/kieei-)
吉 ji2 < kjit < *kJit 'auspicious' (GSR393a *kyet/kyet)
黠 xia2 < heat < *grit 'shrewd' (GSR393v *ghat/gxat)
血 xue4 < *xwet < *hwit 'blood' (GSR410a *Xiweet/Xiweet)
一 yi < qjit < *qjit 'one' (GSR394 *qyet/qyet)
七 qi < tshit < *tshjit 'seven' (GSR400a *tshyet/tshyet)
日 ri4 < nyit < *njit 'sun, day' (GSR404a *njyet/nzjyet)
密 mi4 < mit < *mrjit 'dense' Div III (GSR405p *myet/myet)
蜜 mi4 < mjit < *mjit 'honey' Div IV (GSR405r *myet/myet)
即 ji2 < tsik < *tsjik 'approach' (GSR399a *tsyet/---/ji cp 923 E24 tsy6k)
節 jie2 < tset < *tsit < *tsik 'section' (GSR399e *tsieet/tsieet)
(cp TB *tsik 'joint')
Group XI GSR 0412-0415
III yed > ji (A06脂,C05旨,D06至)
IV ieed > ieei (A12齊,C11薺,D12霽)
至 zhi4 < tsyijH < *tjits 'arrive' (GSR413a *tjyed/tsji-)
室 shi4 < syit < *stjit 'house, hall' (GSR413j *sjyet/sjyet)
The Yue 月 (*-t) Ji 祭 (*-ts) Group
月 月 月
*-et *-at *-ot
I E12 曷 -at
E13 末 -wat
II E15 轄 -(w)aet
E14 黠 -(w)eat
III E10 月 -j(w)ot
E17 薛 -j(w)(i)et
IV E16 屑 -(w)et
祭 祭 祭
*-ets *-ats *-ots
I D14 泰 -(w)ajH (no corresponding A, C tone)
II D17 夬 -(w)aejH (no corresponding A, C tone)
D16 怪 -(w)eajH (D tone of A14 皆 Keaj)
III D20 廢 -j(w)ojH (no corresponding A, C tone)
D13 祭 -j(w)(i)ejH (no corresponding A, C tone)
IV D12 霽 -(w)ejH (D tone of A12 齊 Dzej)
Group II GSR 0268-0312
I AAt > AAt (E12曷) wAAt > uAAt (E13末)
II aat > aat (E15轄) waat > waat (E15轄)
II at > at (E14黠) wat > wat (E14黠)
III yaat > yEEt (E17薛) ywaat > ywEEt (E17薛)
III yat > yEt (E10月) ywat > ywEt (E10月)
IV iaat > ieet (E16屑) iwaat > iweet (E16屑)
月 yue4 < ngjwot < *ngwjat 'moon, month' (GSR306a *ngywat/ngywEt)
秣 mo4 < mat < *mat 'feed grain to horses' (GSR277c *mwAAt/muAAt)
活 huo2 < hwat < *gwat 'alive' (GSR302m *ghwAAt/gxuAAt)
發 fa < pjot < *pjat 'send forth' (GSR275c *pywat/pywEt)
烈 lie4 < ljet < *C-rjat 'to blaze' (GSR291d *lyaat/lyEEt)
舝 xia2 < haet < *grat 'linch-pin' (GSR282a *ghaat/gxaat)
Group III GSR 0313-0348
I AAd > AAi (D14泰) wAAd > wAAi (D14泰)
II aad > aai (D17夬) waad > waai (D17夬)
II ad > ai (A14皆,C13駭,D16怪) wad > wai (A14皆,C13駭,D16怪)
III yaad > yEEi (D13祭) ywaad > ywEEi (D13祭)
III yad > yEi (D20廢) ywad > ywEi (D20廢)
IV iaad > ieei (A12齊,C11薺,D12霽)
渴 ke3 < khat < *khat 'thirsty' (GSR313j *khAAt/khAAt)
[曷 GSR313d *ghAAt/gxAAt/he has 古太切 kAAi- or 古達切 *kAAt as phonetic,
so the line between Groups II and III, as with other Groups, is fuzzy.]
太 tai4 < thajH < *hlats (GSR317d thAAd/thAAi-)
達 da2 < dat < *lat (->GSR271b *dhAAt/dhAAt) above -at group
大 da4 ~ dai4 < dajH < *lats 'big' (GSR317a *dhAAd/dhAAi-)
害 hai4 < hajH < *Hkat(s) '(suffer) harm' (GSR314a *ghAAd/gxAAi-)
敗 bai4 < baejH < *Hprats 'be defeated' (GSR320f *bhwaad/bhwaai-)
外 wai4 < ngwajH < *ngwats 'outside' (GSR322a *ngwAAd/ngwAAi-)
世 shi4 < syejH < *hljats < *hljaps (GSR339a *sjyaad/sjyEEi-)
艾 ai4 < ngajH < *ngats 'white-haried, aged' (GSR347c *ngAAd/ngAAi-)
衛 wei4 < hjwejH (III) < *wrjats 'to guard' (GSR342a *gywaad/jywEEi-)
The Zhi and Wei Groups
脂 微 微
*-ij *-+j *-uj
I A16 咍 C15 海 D19 代 -oj
A15 灰 C14 賄 D18 隊 -woj
II A14 皆 C13 駭 -(w)eaj
III A08 微 C07 尾 D08 未 -j(w)+j
A06 脂 C05 旨 D06 至 -(w)ij
A05 支 C04 紙 D05 寘 -j(w)e
IV A12 齊 C11 薺 D12 霽 -(w)ej
Group VII GSR 0541-0605
I 6r > Ai (A16咍,C15海,D19代) w6r > uAi (A15灰,C14賄,D18隊)
II aer > ai (A14皆,C13駭,D16怪) waer > wai (A14皆,C13駭,D16怪)
III y6r > j6i (A08微,C07尾,D08未) yw6r > jw6i (A08微,C07尾,D08未)
III y6r > ji (A06脂,C05旨,D06至) yw6r > jwi (A06脂,C05旨,D06至)
III yaer > ji (A06脂,C05旨,D06至) ywaer > jwi (A06脂,C05旨,D06至)
IV i6r > ieei (A12齊,C11薺,D12霽) iw6r > iweei (A12齊,C11薺,D12霽)
微 wei < mj+j < *mj+j 'minute' (GSR584g *myw6r/mjw6i)
尾 wei3 < mj+jX < *mj+jQ 'tail' (GSR583a *myw6r/mjw6i:)
豈 kai3 < khojX < *kh+jQ 'joyous' (GSR548a *khy6r/khj6i:)
稽 qi3 < khejX < *khijQ 'bow the head' (GSR552o *ki6r/kieei)
水 shui3 < sywijX < *h[l]jujQ 'water' (GSR576a *sjyw6r/sjwi:)
隼 sun3 < sywinX < *sjunQ 'hawk, eagle'(GSR467a *snyw6n/syuen:) Ode183
推 tui < thwoj < *thuj 'push' (GSR575a' *thw6r/thuAi)
懷 huai2 < hweaj < *gruj 'embrace' (GSR600c *ghwaer/gxwai)
西 xi < sej < *s+j 'west' (GSR594a *si6r/sieei)
罪 zui4 < dzwojX < *dzujQ 'crime, guilt' (GSR513a *dzhw6d/dzhuAi:) ARG 6
The Ge Group
哥 哥 哥
[*-ij] *-aj *-oj
I B07 哥 C33 哿 D38 箇 -(w)a
II B09 麻 C35 馬 D40 禡 -(w)ae
III A05 支 C04 紙 D05 寘 -j(w)e
B09 麻 C35 馬 D40 禡 -jae
Group XXXV GSR 0001-0031
I AA > AA (B07歌,C33哿,D38箇) wAA > uAA (B08戈,C34果,D39過)
II aa > aa (B09麻,C35馬,D40禡) waa > waa (B09麻,C35馬,D40禡)
III yaa > yaa (B09麻,C35馬,D40禡)
III iaa > ji6 (A05支,C04紙,D05寘) wiaa > jwi6 (A05支,C04紙,D05寘)
哥 ge < ka < *kaj 'sing' (GSR001p *kAA/kAA)
過 guo4 < kwa(H) < *kwaj(s) 'transgress' (GSR018e *kwAA/KuAA-)
波 bo < pa < *paj 'wave' (GSR025l *pwAA/puAA)
多 duo < ta < *taj 'many' (GSR003a *tAA/tAA)
加 jia < kae < *kraj 'add' (GSR015a *ka/ka)
麻 ma2 < mae < *mraj 'hemp' (GSR017 *maa/maa)
奇 qi2 < gje(3) < *g(r)jaj 'strange' (GSR001s *ghiaa/ghji6)
為 wei2 < hjwe(3) < *w(r)jaj 'do, be' (GSR027a *giwiaa/jwi6)
皮 pi2 < bje(3) < *b(r(jaj 'skin' (GSR025a *bhiaa/bhji6)
移 yi2 < ye < *ljaj 'transfer' (GSR003q *diaa/i6)
也 ye3 < yaeX < *ljAj (GSR004g *dyaa/yaa:) *-jAj vs *-jaj unsolved
蛇 she2 < zyae < *LjAj (GSR004l *djhyaa/dzhjyaa)
和 he2 < hwa < *gwaj < *goj (GSR008e *ghwAA/gxuAA)
隨 sui2 < zjwe < *zljoj 'follow' (GSR011g *dzwiaa/zwi6 obsequious)
坐 zuo4 < dzwaX < *dzojQ 'sit' (GSR012a *dzhwAA/dzhuAA:)
Group VIII GSR 0349-0360
I AAr > AA (B07歌,C33哿,D38箇) wAAr > uAA (B08戈,C34果,D39過)
II waar > waa (B09麻,C35馬,D40禡)
II ar > aai (A13佳,C12蟹,D15卦)
III yaar > ji6 (A05支,C04紙,D05寘) ywaar > jwi6 (A05支,C04紙,D05寘)
III yar > ji6 (A05支,C04紙,D05寘) ywar > jwi6 (A05支,C04紙,D05寘)
IV iaar > ieei (A12齊,C11薺,D12霽)
蓑 suo < swa < *swaj < *soj 草名可為雨衣 (GSR355b *swAAr/suAA)
蓑 [sui]< swoj < *suj (灰韻, Wei Group) 下垂貌,又音莎 suo < swa
火 huo3 < xwaX < *hmajQ < *hm+jQ 'fire' (GSR353a *xwAAr/xuAA:)
The Zhi and Jue Groups
職 覺
[*-it] *-+k *-uk (see also *-iwk)
I E25 德 -(w)ok
II E21 麥 -(w)eak
III E24 職 -(w)ik
E01 屋 -juwk
億 yi4 < qik < *q(r)j+k '100,000' (GSR957e *qy6k/qy6k)
Group XIX GSR 0903-0935
I 6k > 6k (E25德) w6k > w6k (E25德)
II aek > aek (E21麥) waek > waek (E21麥)
III y6k > y6k (E24職) yw6k > yw6k (E24職)
III yuk > yuuk (E01屋)
IV iw6k > iweek (E23錫)
德 de2 < tok < *t+k 'virtue' (GSR919k *t6k/t6k)
黑 hei < xok < *hm+k 'black' (GSR904a *xm6k/x6k)
北 bei4 < pok < *p+k 'north' (GSR909a *p6k/p6k)
背 bei4 < pwojH < *p+ks 'the back' (GSR909e *pw6g/puAi-)
棘 ji2 < kik < *krj+k 'jujube' (GSR911a *ky6k/ky6k)
克 ke4 < khok < *kh+k 'overcome' (GSR903a *kh6k/kh6k)
國 guo2 < kwok < *kw+k 'state' (GSR929o *kw6k/kw6k)
織 zhi < tsyik < *tj+k 'to weave' (GSR920f *tjy6k/tsjy6k)
福 fu2 < pjuwk < *pj+k 'good fortune' (GSR933d *pyuk/pyuuk)
富 fu4 < pjuwH < *pj+ks 'rich' (GSR933r *pyug/py6u-)
麥 mai4 < meak < *mr+k (GSR932a *mwaek/mwaek/mo 'wheat')
The Zhi and You Groups
之 幽
[*-ijQ] *-+ *-u (see also *-iw)
I A16 咍 C15 海 D19 代 -oj
A15 灰 C14 賄 D18 隊 -woj
B19 侯 C45 厚 D50 候 -uw
II A14 皆 C13 駭 D16 怪 -(w)eaj
III A07 之 C06 止 D07 志 -i
B18 尤 C44 有 D49 宥 -juw
A06 脂 C05 旨 D06 至 -ij
A06 脂 C05 旨 D06 至 -wij
矛 mao2 < mjuw < *m(r)ju 'lance' (GSR1109a *myoog/my6u ARG28)
仆 [pu] < phuwH < *ph(r)oks 'fall prostrate' (GSR1210g *phuug/ph6u-)ARG30
[D50 候:仆,倒也,匹候切[phuwH],又匐[bhjuwk, bhok]覆[phjuwH, phjuwk]二音.]
Group XX GSR 0936-1001
I 6g > Ai (A16咍,C15海,D19代) w6g > uAi (A15灰,C14賄,D18隊)
I 6g > 6u (B19侯,C45厚,D50候)
II aeg > ai (A14皆,C13駭,D16怪) waeg > wai (A14皆,C13駭,D16怪)
III y6g > ji (A07之,C06止,D07志) yw6g > jwi (A06脂,C05旨,D06至)
III yug > y6u (B18尤,C44有,D49宥)
母 mu3 < muwX < *m(r)oQ 'mother' (GSR947a *m6g/m6u:)
每 mei3 < mwojX < *m+Q 'each, every' (GSR947i *mw6g/muAi:)
牛 niu2 < ngjuw < *gnwj+ 'bovine' (GSR998a *ngyug/ngy6u)
尤 you2 < hjuw < *wj+ 'guilt, fault, blame'
丘 qiu < khjuw < *kwhj+ 'hill' (GSR994a *khyug/khy6u)
牛 niu2 < ngjuw < *ngwj+ 'bovine' (GSR998a *ngyug/ngy6u)
不 bu4 < pjuw < *pj+ 'not' (GSR999a *pyug/py6u:)
龜 gui < kwij < *kwrj+ 'tortoise' (GSR985a *kyw6g/kjwi)
里 li3 < liX < *C-rj+Q (GSR978a *ly6g/lji:)
埋 mai2 < meaj < *mr+ 'to bury' (GSR978l *mlaeg/mai)
子 zi3 < tsiX < *tsj+Q 'child' (GSR964a *tsy6g/tsi:)
Group XXXI GSR 1229-1235
I uug > 6u (B19侯,C45厚,D50候)
II ug > 6u (B19侯,C45厚,D50候)
III yuug > yuu (A10虞,C09麌,D10遇)
孚 fu2 < phju < *ph(r)ju (GSR1233a *phyuug/phyuu 'hatch') A10
浮 fu2 < bjuw < *b(r)ju (GSR1233l *bhyoog/bhy6u/fou 'float') B18
茂 mou4 (GSR1231f *myoog/m6u)
The Xi, Duo, Wu Groups
錫 鐸 屋
*-ek *-ak *-ok
II E21 麥 -(w)eak
III E22 昔 -j(w)(i)ek
E20 陌 -j(w)aek
IV E23 錫 -(w)ek
I E19 鐸 -(w)ak
II E20 陌 -(w)aek
III E18 藥 -j(w)ak
E20 陌 -j(w)aek
E22 昔 -jek
I E01 屋 -uwk
II E04 覺 -aewk
III E03 燭 -jowk
Group XVII GSR 0766-0800
I AAk > AAk (E19鐸) wAAk > wAAk (E19鐸)
II ak > Ek (E20陌) wak > wEk (E20陌)
III yaak > yaak (E18藥) ywaak > ywaak (E18藥)
III yak > yEk (E20陌)
III yak > yEEk (E22昔)
IV iaak > ieek (E23錫)
石 shi2 < dzyek < *djAk 'rock' (GSR795a *djyak/zjyEEk)
席 xi2 < zjek < *zljAk 'mat' (GSR797a *dzyak/zyEEk)
借 jie4 < tsjaeH < *tsjAk(s) (GSR798u *tsyag/tsya-)
借 tsjek < (GSR798u *tsyak/tsyEEk)
赤 chi4 < tsyhek < *KHjAk 'red' (GSR793a *thjyak/tshjyEEk)
尺 chi3 < tsyhek < *thjAk 'measure' (GSR794a *thjyak/tshjyEEk)
Group XXIII GSR 0844-0860
II ek > aek (E21麥) wek > waek (E21麥)
III yek > yEEk (E22昔)
IV ieek > ieek (E23錫) iweek > iweek (E23錫)
益 yi4 < qjiek < *qjek 'increase' (GSR849a *qyek/qyEEk)
[石 shi2 < dzyek < *djAk does not merge with 益 in 呂靜,韻集 and modern Min.
This is taken as evidence that Min cannot be descended from MC, p. 485]
易 yi4 < yek < *ljek 'change' (GSR850a *dyek/yEEk)
刺 ci4 < tshjek < *tshjek 'to prick' (GSR868d *tshyek/tshyEEk)
[also: tshjeH < *tshjeks (GSR868d *tshyeg/tshi6-)]
Group XXX GSR 1202-1228
I uuk > uuk (E01屋)
II uk > aok (E04覺)
III yuuk > ywOOk (E03燭)
屋 wu < quwk < *qok 'house' (GSR1204a *quuk/quuk)
木 mu < muwk < *mok 'wood' (GSR1212a *muuk/muuk)
卜 bu3 < puwk < *pok 'divine' (GSR1210a *puuk/puuk)
赴 fu4 < phjuH < *ph(r)joks 'hasten to' (GSR1210i *phyuug/phyuu-)
曲 qu < khjowk < *kh(r)jok 'crooked' (GSR1213 *khyuuk/khywOOk)
玉 yu4 < ngjowk < *ng(r)jok 'jade' (GSR1216a *ngyuuk/ngywOOk)
足 zu2 < tsjowk < *tsjok 'foot' (GSR1219a *tsiuuk/tsywOOk)
辱 ru3 < nyowk < *njok 'disgrace' (GSR1223a *nyuuk/nzjywOOk)
濁 zhuo2 < draewk < *drok 'turbid' (GSR1224p *dhuuk/dhjaok)
角 jiao3 < kaewk < *krok 'corner' (GSR1225a *kuk/kaok)
剝 bo < paewk < *prok 'cut, break' (GSR1228a *puk/paok) phonetic in
彔 lu4 < luwk < *C-rok 'carve wood' (GSR1208a *luuk/luuk)
族 zu4 < dzuwk < *dzok 'clan' (GSR1206a *dzhuuk/dzhuuk)
The Zhi, Yu, Hou Groups
支 魚 侯
*-e *-a *-o
II A13 佳 C12 蟹 D15 卦 -(w)ea+
III A05 支 C04 紙 D05 寘 -j(w)(i)e
IV A12 齊 C11 薺 D12 霽 -(w)ej
I A11 模 C10 姥 D11 暮 -u
II B09 麻 C35 馬 D40 禡 -(w)ae
III A09 魚 C08 語 D09 御 -jo
B09 麻 C35 馬 D40 禡 -jae
A10 虞 C09 麌 D10 遇 -ju
I B19 侯 C45 厚 D50 候 -uw
III A10 虞 C09 麌 D10 遇 -ju
B18 尤 C44 有 D49 宥 -juw
寫 xie3 < sjaeX < *s(l)AkQ (GSR799f *syag/syaa:)
舄 xi4 < sjek < *sjAk 'slipper' (GSR799a *syak/syEEk)
買 mai3 < mea+X < mreQ 'buy' (GSR1240c *?/mai:)
Group XXIV GSR 0861-0880
II eg > aai (A13佳,C12蟹,D15卦) weg > waai (A13佳,C12蟹,D15卦)
III yeg > ji6 (A05支,C04紙,D05寘) yweg > jwi6 (A05支,C04紙,D05寘)
IV ieeg > ieei (A12齊,C11薺,D12霽) iweeg > iweei (A12齊,C11薺,D12霽)
佳 jia < kea+ < *kre 'good' (GSR0879n *keg/kai)
卦 gua4 < kwea+H < *kwres 'hexagram' (GSR0879s *kweg/kwai-)
圭 gui < kwej < *kwe 'jade tablet' (GSR0879a *kiweeg/kiweei)
兒 er2 < nye < *ngje 'child' (GSR0873a *njyeg/nzji6)
知 zhi < trje < *trje 'know' (GSR0863a *tyeg/tji6)
支 zhi < tsye < *kje 'branch' (GSR0864a *tjyeg/tsji6)
提 ti2 < dej < *de 'take up' (GSR0866n *dhieeg/dhieei)
是 shi4 < dzyeX < *djeQ 'this' (GSR0866a *djyeg/zji6:)
規 gui < kjwie < *kwje 'compass' (GSR0875a *kyweg/kjwi6)
雞 ji < kej < *ke 'chicken' (GSR0876n *kieeg/kieei)
Group XXXIII GSR 0032-0107
I OO > uOO (A11模,C10姥,D11暮) wOO > uOO (A11模,C10姥,D11暮)
II ao > aa (B09麻,C35馬,D40禡) wao > waa (B09麻,C35馬,D40禡)
III yOO > ywOO (A09魚,C08語,D09御) ywOO > yuu (A10虞,C09麌,D10遇)
III yao > yaa (B09麻,C35馬,D40禡)
馬 ma3 < maeX < *mraQ 'horse' (GSR040a *mao/maa:)
無 wu2 < mju < *m(r)ja 'have not' (GSR103a *mywOO/myuu)
苦 ku3 < khuX < *khaQ 'bitter' (GSR049u *khOO/khuOO:)
五 wu3 < nguX < *ngaQ 'five' (GSR058a *ngOO/nguOO:)
家 jia < kae < *kra 'family' (GSR032a *kao/kaa)
魚 yu3 < ngjo < *ng(r)ja 'fish' (GSR079a *ngyOO/ngywOO)
女 nu3 < nrjoX < *nrjaQ 'woman' (GSR094a *nyOO/njywOO)
雨 yu3 < hjuX < *w(r)jaQ 'rain' (GSR100a *gywOO/jyuu:)
車 che < tsyhae < *KHjA 'vehicle' (GSR 074a *kyOO/kywOO)
Group XXXIV GSR 0108-0138
I uu > 6u (B19侯,C45厚,D50候)
III yuu > yuu (A10虞,C09麌,D10遇)
主 zhu3 < tsyuX < *tjoQ (GSR129a *tjyuu/tsjyuu:)
株 zhu < trju < *trjo (GSR128f *tyuu/tjyuu 'tree root')
豆 dou4 < duwH < *dos (GSR118a *dhuu/dh6u- 'ritual vessel')
笱 gou3 < kuwX < *k(r)oQ (GSR108e *kuu/k6u:) 'wicker basket'
口 kou3 < khuwX < *kh(r)oQ (GSR110a *khuu/kh6u: 'mouth')
Group XVIII GSR 0801-0807
I AAg > uOO (A11模,C10姥,D11暮) wAAg > uOO (A11模,C10姥,D11暮)
II ag > aa (B09麻,C35馬,D40禡) wag > waa (B09麻,C35馬,D40禡)
III yaag > ywOO (A09魚,C08語,D09御) ywaag > ywOO (A09魚,C08語,D09御)
III yag > yaa (B09麻,C35馬,D40禡)
度 du4 < duH < *laks (GSR810a *dhAAg/dhuoo- 'a measure')
度 (GSR810a *dhAAk/dhAAk/to 'to measure')
射 she4 < zyaeH < *LjAks 'shoot' (GSR807a *dhjyag/dzhjyaa-)
射 (D40) yeaH < *ljAks
射 (E22) zyek < *LjAk
射 (E22) yek < *ljAk
The Jue Group
覺
*-iwk (see also *-uk)
I E02 沃 -owk
II E04 覺 -aewk
III E01 屋 -juwk
IV E23 錫 -ek
Group XXVII GSR 1016-1038
I ook > uOOk (E02沃)
II ok > aok (E04覺)
III yook > yuuk (E01屋)
IV iook > ieek (E23錫)
覺 jue2 < kaewk < *kruk 'to awake' (GSR1038f *kok/kaok)
學 xue2 < haewk < *Hkruk 'learn' (GSR1038a *ghok/gxaok)
告 gao4 < kawH < *kuks 'announce' (GSR1039a *koog/kAAu-)
叔 shu2 < syuwk < *stjiwk 'junior' (GSR1031b *sjyook/sjyuuk)
菽 shu2 < syuwk < *stjiwk 'soybean' (GSR1031g *sjyook/sjyuuk)
六 liu4 < ljuwk < *C-rjuk 'six' (GSR1032a *lyook/lyuuk)
毒 du2 < dowk < *duk 'poison' (GSR1016a *dhook/dhuok)
腹 fu4 < pjuwk < *p(r)juk 'belly' (GSR1034h *pyook/pyuuk)
肅 su4 < sjuwk < *sjiwk 'solemn' (GSR1028a *syook/syuuk)
The You Group
幽
*-iw (see also *-u)
I B06 豪 C32 昊 D37 號 -aw
B19 侯 C45 厚 D50 候 -uw
II B05 肴 C31 巧 D36 效 -aew
III B18 尤 C44 有 D49 宥 -juw
A06 脂 C05 旨 D06 至 -wij
B20 幽 C46 黝 D51 幼 -jiw
IV B03 蕭 C29 篠 D34 嘯 -ew
Group XXVIII GSR 1039-1116
I oog > AAu (B06豪,C32昊,D37號)
II og > aau (B05肴,C31巧,D36效)
III yoog > y6u (B18尤,C44有,D49宥)
IV ioog > ieeu (B03蕭,C29篠,D34嘯)
騷 sao < saw < *su 'disturb; grief' (GSR1112g *soog/sAAu)
蕭 xiao < sew < *siw 'artemisia' (GSR1028i *sioog/sieeu)
袍 pao2 < baw < *bu 'robe' (GSR1113i *bhog/bhAAu)
包 bao < paew < *praw < *pru 'to wrap' (GSR1113a *pog/pau)
裒 pou2 < buw < *bU 'collect' (->GSR1230a *bhuug/bh6u)
貿 mao4 < muwH < *mrjus 'barter' (GSR1114j *mluug/m6u-)
卯 mao3 < maewX < *mruQ 'cyclical sign' (GSR1114a *mlog/mau:)
矛 mao2 < muw < *mjuw < *m(r)ju 'lance' (GSR1109a *myoog/my6u)
求 qiu2 < gjuw < *grju 'seek' (GSR1066a *ghyoog/ghy6u)
流 liu2 < ljuw < *C-rjuw 'flow, float' (->GSR1104a *lyoog/ly6u)
軌 gui3 < kwijX < *kwrjuQ 'axle ends' (->GSR992k *kyw6g/kjwi:)
九 jiu3 < kjuwX < *kwjuQ 'nine' (->GSR992a *kyug/ky6u:)
龜 gui < kwij < *kwrj+ 'tortoise' (->GSR985a *kyw6g/kjwi)
牛 niu2 < ngjuw < *ngwj+ 'ox, bovine' (->GSR998a *ngyug/ngy6u)
草 cao3 < tshawX < *tshuQ 'grass' (GSR1049b *tshoog/tshAAu:)
道 dao4 < dawX < *luQ 'way, ducture' (GSR1048a *dhoog/dhAAu:)
首 shou3 < syuwX < *hljuQ 'head, duke' (GSR1102a *sjyoog/sjy6u)
好 hao3 < xawX < *xuQ 'good' (GSR1044a *xoog.xAAu:)
臭 chou4 < tsyhuwH < *KHjus 'smell' (GSR1088a *thjyoog/tshjy6u-)
糗 qiu4 < khjuwX < *kwhj+Q (GSR1088d *khyoog/khy6u: 'parched grain')
丘 qiu < khjuw < *kwhj+ 'hill, mound' (->GSR994a *khyug/khy6u)
秋 qiu < tshjuw < *tshjiw 'autumn' (GSR1092a *tshyoog/tshy6u)
The Zheng and Dong Groups
蒸 冬
[*-in] *-+ng *-ung
I B17 登 C43 等 D48 嶝 -(w)ong
II B13 耕 C39 耿 D44 諍 -(w)eang
III B16 蒸 C42 撜 D47 證 -(w)ing
A01 東 C01 董 D01 送 -juwng
I A02 冬 D02 宋 -owng
II A04 江 C03 講 D04 絳 -aewng
III A01 東 C01 董 D01 送 -juwng
Group XXI GSR 0881-0902
I 6ng > 6ng (B17登,C43等,D48嶝) w6ng > w6ng (B17登,C43等,D48嶝)
II aeng > aeng (B13耕,C39耿,D44諍) waeng > waeng (B13耕,C39耿,D44諍)
III y6ng > y6ng (B16蒸,C42撜,D47證)
III yung > yuung (A01東,C01董,D01送)
登 deng < tong < *t+ing 'ascend' (GSR883e *t6ng/t6ng)
崩 beng < pong < *p+ing 'collapse' (GSR886m *p6ng/p6ng)
雄 xiong2 < hjuwng < *wj+ng 'male' (GSR887l *gyung/jyuung)
宏 hong2 < hweang < *gwr+ng 'great' (GSR887h *ghwaeng/gxwaeng)
蒸 zheng < tsying < *tj+ng 'to steam' (GSR896k *tjy6ng/tsjy6ng)
勝 sheng4 < syingH < *hlj+ngs 'conquer' (GSR893p *sjy6ng/sjy6ng-)
薨 hong < xwong < *hm+ng 'to die' (GSR902g *xmw6ng/xw6ng)
Group XXIX GSR 1002-1015
I oong > uOOng (A02冬, ,D02宋)
II ong > aong (A04江,C03講,D04絳)
III yoong > yuung (A01東,C01董,D01送)
冬 dong < towng < *tung 'winter' (GSR1002a *toong/tuOOng)
終 zhong < tsyuwng < *tjung 'end' (GSR1002e *tjyoong/tsjyuung)
宗 zong < tsowng < *tsung 'temple' (GSR1003a *tsoong/tsuOOng)
中 zhong < trjuwng < *k-ljung 'middle' (GSR1007a *tyoong/tjyuung)
[白虎通義, 中 is a sound gloss for 宮 per Coblin]
宮 gong < kjuwng < *k(r)jung 'house' (GSR1006a *kyoong/kyuung)
戎 rong2 < nyuwng < *njung 'weapon' (GSR1013a *njyoong/nzjyuung)
The Geng, Yang, Dong Groups
耕 陽 東
*-eng *-ang *-ong
II B13 耕 C39 耿 D44 諍 -(w)eang
III B14 清 C40 靜 D45 勁 -j(w)(i)eng
B12 庚 C38 梗 D43 敬 -j(w)aeng
IV B15 青 C41 迴 D46 徑 -(w)eng
I B11 � C37 蕩 D42 宕 -(w)ang
II B12 庚 C38 梗 D43 敬 -(w)aeng
III B10 陽 C36 養 D41 漾 -j(w)ang
B12 庚 C38 梗 D43 敬 -j(w)aeng
I A01 東 C01 董 D01 送 -uwng
II A04 江 C03 講 D04 絳 -aewng
A03 鐘 C02 腫 D03 用 -jowng
Group XXII GSR 0808-0843
II eng > aeng (B13耕,C39耿,D44諍) weng > waeng (B13耕,C39耿,D44諍)
III yeng > yEEng (B14清,C40靜,D45勁) yweng > ywEEng (B14清,C40靜,D45勁)
IV ieeng > ieeng (B15青,C41迴,D46徑) iweeng > iweeng (B15青,C41迴,D46徑)
耕 geng < keang < *kreng 'to plough' (GSR808a *keng/kaeng)
清 qing < tshjeng < *tshjeng 'clear, pure' (GSR812i` *tshyeng/tshyEEng)
青 qing < tsheng < *sreng 'blue green' (GSR812c` *tshieeng/tshieeng)
生 sheng < sraeng < *srjaeng < *srjeng (GSR812a *seng/srEng)
聲 sheng < syeng < *xjeng 'sound' (GSR822a *syeng/syEEng)
磬 qing4 < khengH < *khengs 'musical stone' (GSR832c *khieeng/khieeng-)
傾 qing < khjwieng < *kwhjeng 'slanting' (GSR828b *khyweng/khywEEng)
鼎 ding3 < tengX < *tengQ 'tripod' (GSR834a *tieeng/tieeng:)
貞 zhen < trjeng < *trjeng 'test, verify' (GSR834g *tyeng/tjyEEng)
平 ping2 < bjaeng < *brjeng 'level' (GSR825a *bhyeng/bhywEng)
名 ming2 < mjieng < *mjeng 'name' (GSR826a *myeng/myEEng
經 jing < keng < *keng (GSR831c *kieeng/kieeng 'warp' cp. 緯 'woof']
營 ying2 < yweng < *wjeng [*wj- > yw- /front vowels, except after -r-]
成 cheng2 < dzyeng < *djeng 'achieve' (GSR818a *djyeng/zjyEEng)
Group XVI GSR 0697-0765
I AAng > AAng (B11唐,C37蕩,D42宕) wAAng > wAAng (B11唐,C37蕩,D42宕)
II ang > Eng (B12庚,C38梗,D43敬) wang > wEng (B12庚,C38梗,D43敬)
III yaang > yaang (B10陽,C36養,D41漾) ywaang > ywaang (B10陽,C36養,D41漾)
III yang > yEng (B12庚,C38梗,D43敬) ywang > ywEng (B12庚,C38梗,D43敬)
唐 tang2 < dang < *g-lang 'great' (GSR700a *dhAAng/dhAAng)
庚 geng < kaeng < *krang 'cyclical character' (GSR746a *kang/kEng)
陽 yang2 < yang < *ljang 'South slope' (GSR720e *dyaang/yaang)
堂 tang2 < dang < *dang 'hall, apartment' (GSR725s *dhAAng/dhAAng)
當 dang < tang < *tang 'match, face (GSR725q *tAAng/tAAng)
掌 zhang3 < tsyangX < *tjangQ 'palm of hand' (GSRj *tjyaang/tsjyaang:)
亡 wang2 < mjang < *mjang 'disappear' (GSR742a *mywaang/mywaang)
喪 sang < sang < *smang 'burial' (GSR705a *sAAng/sAAng) 亡聲
更 geng < kaeng < *krang 'to change' (GSR745a *kang/kEng)
方 fang < pjang < *pjang 'square, parallel' (GSR740a *pywaang/pywaang)
王 wang2 < hjwang < *wjang 'king' (GSR739a *gywaang/jywaang)
兩 liang3 < ljangX < *b-rjangQ 'pair' (GSR736a *lyaang/lyaang:)
霜 shuang < srjang < *srjang 'hoarfrost' (GSR731g *sryaang/sryaang)
京 jing < kjaeng < *krjang 'hill, capital' (GSR755aklyang/kyEng)
涼 liang2 < ljang < *g-rjang 'cold' (GSR755l *glyaang/lyaang)
明 ming2 < mjaeng < *mrjang 'bright' (GSR760a *myang/mywEng)
Group XXXII GSR 1172-1201
I uung > uung (A01東,C01董,D01送)
II ung > aong (A04江,C03講,D04絳)
III yuung > ywOOng (A03鐘,C02腫,D03用)
東 dong < tuwng < *tong 'orient, east' (GSR1175a *tuung/tuung)
工 gong < kuwng < *kong 'work' (GSR1172a *kuung/kuung)
江 jiang < kaewng < *krong 'river' (GSR1172v *kung/kaong)
用 yong < yowngH < *ljongs 'use' (GSR1185a *dyuung/ywOOng-)
重 chong2 < drjowng < *drjong 'double' (GSR1188a *dhyuung/dhjywOOOng:)
The Yao Group
藥 藥
*-ewk *-awk
I E19 鐸 -ak
E02 沃 -owk
II E04 覺 -aewk
III E18 藥 -jak
IV E23 錫 -ek
Group XXV GSR 1117-1128
I OOk > uOOk (E02沃)
I aok > AAk (E19鐸)
II Ok > aok (E04覺)
III yOOk > yaak (E18藥)
IV iOOk > ieek (E23錫)
樂 le4 < lak < *g-rawk 'rejoice' (GSR1125a *glaok/lAAk) Ode132.2
樂 yue4 < ngaewk < *ngrawk 'music' (GSR1125a *nglOk/ngaok)
藥 yao4 < yak < *rawk 'medicinal plant' (GSR1125p *gyOOk/yaak)
櫟 li4 < lek < *C-rewk 'oak' (GSR1125i *gliook/lieek) Ode132.2
的 di4 < tek < *tewk 'mark in a target' (GSR1120h *tiOOk/tieek)
釣 diao4 < tewH < *tewks 'to fish' (GSR 1120k *tiOOg/tieu-)
杓 shao2 < dzyak < *Htjewk 'ladel' (GSR1120a *djyOOk/zjyaak)
汋 zhuo2 < dzyak < *tjewk 'to ladel' (GSR1120c *tjyOOk/tsjyaak)
約 yue < qjak < *q(r)jewk 'to bind' (GSR1120m *qyOOk/qyaak)
The Xiao Group
宵 宵
*-ew *-aw
I B06 豪 C32 昊 D37 號 -aw
II B05 肴 C31 巧 D36 效 -aew
III B04 宵 C30 小 D35 笑 -j(i)ew
IV B03 蕭 C29 篠 D34 嘯 -ew
秋 qiu < tshjuw < *tshjiw 'autumn' (GSR1092 *tshyoog/tshy6u)
Group XXVI GSR 1129-1171
I OOg > AAu (B06豪,C32昊,D37號)
II Og > aau (B05肴,C31巧,D36效)
III yOOg > yEEu (B04宵,C30小,D35笑)
III yOg > yeu (B20幽,C46黝,D51幼)
IV iOOg > ieeu (B03蕭,C29篠,D34嘯)
敖 ao2 < ngaw < *ngaw 'ramble, roam' 游 (GSR1130a *ngOOg/ngAAu)
高 gao < kaw < *kaw 'high' (GSR1129a *kOOg/kAAu)
刀 dao < taw < *taw 'knife' (GSR1131a *tOOg/tAAu)
招 zhao < tsyew < *tjaw 'beckon' (GSR1131l *tjyOOg/tsjyEEu)
毛 mao2 < maw < *maw 'fur, hair' (GSR1137a *mOOg/mAAu)
朝 zhao < trjew < *trjaw 'morning' (GSR1143a *tyOOg/tjyEEu)
朝 chao2 < drjew < *Htrjaw 'matinee' (GSR1143a *dhyOOg/dhjyEEu)
堯 yao2 < ngew < *ngew 'high' (GSR1164a *ngiOOg/ngieeu)
嘵 xiao < xew < *hngew 'cry of alarm' (GSR1164e *xiOOg/xieeu)
小 xiao3 < sjewX < *s(l)jewQ 'small' (GSR1149a *syOOg/syEEu:)
漂 piao < phjiew < *phjew 'float' (GSR1157i *phyOOg/phyEEu)
The Tan Group
譚 譚 譚
*-em *-am *-om
I B23 談 C49 敢 D54 闞 -am
B22 覃 C48 感 D53 勘 -om
II B27 銜 C54 檻 D59 鑑 -aem
B26 咸 C53 豏 D58 陷 -eam
III B24 鹽 C50 琰 D55 豔 -j(i)em
B28 嚴 C52 儼 D57 釅 -jaem
B29 凡 C55 范 D60 梵 -jom
IV B25 添 C51 忝 D56 念 -em
Group XII GSR 0606-0627
I AAm > AAm (B23談,C49敢,D54闞)
II aam > aam (B27銜,C54檻,D59鑑)
II am > am (B26咸,C53豏,D58陷)
III yaam > yEEm (B24鹽,C50琰,D55豔)
III yam > yEm (B28嚴,C52儼,D57釅) ywam > ywEm (B29凡,C55范,D60梵)
IV iaam > ieem (B25添,C51忝,D56念)
酣 han2 < ham < *gam 'euphoria' (GSR0606g *ghAAm/gxAAm)
函 han2 < hom < *gom 'envelop' (GSR0643a * gh6m/gxAm Grp 14)
談 tan2 < dam < *lam 'converse, chat' (GSR0617l *dhAAm/dhAAm)
炎 yan2 < hjem < *Hljam (?) 'blaze' (GSR0617a *dyaam/jyEEm)
恬 tian2 < dem < *lem 'calm' (GSR0621b *dhiaam/dhieem)
甘 gan < kam < *kam 'sweet' (GSR0606a *kAAm/kAAm)
擔 dan < tam < *tam or *k-lam 'carry' (GSR0619k *tAAm/tAAm)
藍 lan2 < lam < *g-ram 'indigo' cp Proto-Tai *gram (GSR0609k *glAAm/lAAm)
鹽 yan2 < yem < *r(j)am 'salt' (GSR0609n *?/yEEm)
占 zhan < tsyem < *tjem 'prognosticate' (GSR0618a *tjyaam/tsjyEEm)
點 dian3 < demX < *temQ 'dot' (GSR0618n *tiaam/tieem: 'spot, blot')
兼 jian < kem < *kem 'combine' (GSR0627a *kliaam/kieem)
The He Group
盍 盍 盍
*-ep *-ap *-op
I E28 盍 -ap
E27 合 -op
II E32 狎 -aep
E31 洽 -eap
III E29 葉 -j(i)ep
E33 業 -jaep
E34 乏 -jop
IV E30 帖 -ep
合 he2 < hop < *gop (GSR0675a *gh6p/gxAp) G15
會 hui4 < hwajH < *gwats < *gots < *gops (GSR0321a *ghwAAd/gxwAAi-) G3
會 kuai4 < kwajH < *kops 'accounting at end of year'
計 ji4 < kejH < *keps 'calculate' (GSR1241a * ? /kieei-) G?
[十 shi2 < dzyip < *gjip 'ten' is possibly phonetic in 計 see Qi Group]
廢 fei4 < pjojH < *pjats < *pjaps 'dismiss' (GSR0275f *pywad/pywEi-) G2
世 shi4 < syejH < *hljaps 'generation' (GSR0339a *sjyaad/sjyEEi-) G3
際 ji4 < tsjejH < *tsjaps 'juncture' (GSR0337f *tsyaad/tsyEEi-) G3
Group XIII GSR 0628-0642
I AAp > AAp (E28盍)
II aap > aap (E32狎)
II ap > ap (E31洽)
III yaap > yEEp (E29葉)
III yap > yEp (E33業) ywap > ywEp (E34乏)
IV iaap > ieep (E30帖)
蓋 gai4 < kajH < *kats < *kaps 'cover' (GSR0642q *kAAb/kAAd/kAAi-)
蓋 he2 < hap < *Hkap 'to cover' (GSR0642q *ghAAp/gxAAp)
甲 jia3 < kaep < *krap 'shell' (GSR0629a *kaap/kaap)
法 fa3 < pjop < *pjap 'law, model' (GSR0642k *pywap/pywEp)
葉 ye4 < yep < *ljap 'leaf, generation' TB *lap (GSR0633d *dyaap/yEEp)
接 jie < tsjep < *tsjap 'connect' (GSR0635e *tsyaap/tsyEEp)
業 ye4 < ngjaep < *ng(r)jap 'work' (GSR0640 *ngyap/ngyEp)
協 xie2 < hep < *gep 'harmony' (GSR0639b *ghiaap/gxieep) Seal: 口 + 十
夾 jia < keap < *krep 'on both sides, collateral' (GSR0630a *kap/kap)
挾 jia < hep~tsep < *Hkep~*Skep 'embrace' (GSR0630l *ghyaap/gxieep~tsieep)
聶 nie4 < nrjep < *nrjep 'promise' (GSR0638a *nyaap/njyEEp)
攝 she4 < syep < *hnjep 'collect' (GSR0638e *snjyaap/sjyEEp)
臿 cha < tsrheap < *tsrhjep < *tshrjop 'to husk with mortar and pestle'
(GSR0631a *tshap/tshap 'pestle')
The Qin Group
侵 侵 侵
*-im *-+m *-um
I B22 覃 C48 感 D53 勘 -om
II B26 咸 C53 豏 D58 陷 -eam
III B23 侵 C47 寢 D52 沁 -(j)im
IV B25 添 C51 忝 D56 念 -em
風 feng < pjuwng < *p(r)j+m/p(r)jum 'wind, aire' (GSR625h *pyum/pyuung)
Group XIV GSR 0643-0674
I 6m > Am (B22覃,C48感,D53勘)
II aem > am (B26咸,C53豏,D58陷)
III y6m > y6m (B21侵,C47寢,D52沁)
III yaem > yEEm (B24鹽,C50琰,D55豔)
IV i6m > ieem (B25添,C51忝,D56念)
I um > uung (A01東,C01董,D01送)
III yum > yuung (A01東,C01董,D01送)
今 jin < kim < *k(r)j+m 'recent, now' (GSR651a *ky6m/ky6m)
金 jin < kim < *k(r)j+m '[new] metal, [kainite]' (GSR652a *ky6m/ky6m)
心 xin < sim < *sj+m 'heart' (GSR663a *sy6m/sy6m)
音 yin < qim < *q(r)j+m 'sound' (GSR653a *qy6m/qy6m)
林 lin2 < lim < *C-rj+m 'forest' (GSR655a *gly6m/ly6m)
禁 jin4 < kimH < *krj+ms/krjums 'prohibit' (GSR655k *kly6m/ky6m-)
熊 xiong2 < hjuwng < *wj(r)+m/wj(r)um 'bear' (GSR674a *gyuum/jyuung)
飲 yin4 < qimH < *q(r)jum(Q)s 'give to drink' (GSR654a *qy6m/qy6m-)
陰 yin < qim < *q(r)jum 'shade' (GSR651y *qy6m/qy6m)
三 san < sam < *sum 'three' (GSR6448 *s6m/sAAm)
參 shen < srim < *srjum 'Orion' (GSR647a *sjy6m/sjy6m)
驂 can < tshom < *srum 'three horses' (GSR647c *tsh6m/tshAm)
甚 shen4 < dzyimX < *GjumQ 'very' (GSR658a *djy6m/zjy6m)
堪 kan < khom < *khum 'able to bear' (GSR658p *kh6m/khAm)
枕 zhen3 < tsyimX < *KjumQ 'block, headrest' (GSR656g *tjy6m/tsjy6m:)
侵 qin < tshim < *tshjim 'invade' (GSR661c *tshy6m/tshy6m)
念 nian4 < nemH < *nims 'think of' (GSR661a *ni6m/nieem-)
諗 shen3 < syimX < *hnjimQ 'remonstrate' (GSR670g *snjy6m/sjy6m:)
The Qi Group
緝 緝 緝
*-ip *-+p *-up
I E27 合 -op
II E31 洽 -eap
III E26 緝 -(j)ip
E29 葉 -jep
IV E30 帖 -ep
Group XV GSR 0675-0696
I 6p > Ap (E27合)
II aep > ap (E31洽)
III y6p > y6p (E26緝)
III yaep > yEEp (E29葉)
IV i6p > ieep (E30帖)
立 li4 < lip < *C-rj+p 'stand' (GSR694a *gly6p/ly6p) TB *g-ryap
泣 qi4 < khip < *khrj+p 'weep' (GSR694h *khly6p/khy6p) TB *krap
位 wei4 < hwijH < *(w)rj+ps (?) 'standing' (->GSR539 *gywaed/jwi-)
入 ru4 < nyip < *njup 'enter' (GSR695a *njy6p/nzjy6p)
內 nei4 < nwojH < *nuts < *nups 'inside' (GSR695e *nw6b/*nw6d/nuAi-)
納 na4 < nop < *nup 'bring in, insert' (GSR695h *n6p/nAp)
對 dui4 < twojH < *tuts/tups/k-lups 'respond' (->GSR511 *tw6b/tw6d/tuAi-)
答 da2 < top < *tup < *k-lup 'respond' (GSR676a *t6p/tAp)
合 he2 < hop < *gop 'join, agree' (GSR675a *gh6p/gxAp 'answer' in Tso)
習 xi2 < zip < *zlj+p 'repeat, practice' (GSR690a *dzy6p/zy6p)
集 ji2 < dzip < *dzjup 'gather' (GSR691a *dzhy6p/dzhy6p)
緝 ji2 < dzip < *dzjup 'gather' (GSR688b *tshy6p/tshy6p)
執 zhi2 < tsyip < *tjip/tj+p 'hold, seize' (GSR685a *tjy6p/tsjy6p)
及 ji2 < gip < *g(r)j+p 'to reach to' (GSR681a *ghy6p/ghy6p)
逮 dai4 < dojH < *l+ts < *(g-)l+ps 'reach to' (GSR678e *dh6p/dhAp)
十 shi2 < dzyip < *gjip 'ten' (GSR686a *djy6p/zjy6p) TB *gip
邑 yi4 < qip < *q(r)jup 'city' (GSR683a *qy6p/qy6p)
(Revised 30 April 2001)