 |
 |
| The energy page [5] |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| 001
BP is one of the world's largest energy companies, providing its customers with fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, retail services and petrochemicals products for everyday items
History of jet fuels (by AirBP)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 003
Royal Dutch Shell at Wikipedia
|
||||||||||||
| 004
Chevron Corporation at Wikipedia Aviation Fuels (by Chevron) |
| 005
Egypt is a significant oil producer and a rapidly growing natural gas producer. The country's first liquefied natural gas (LNG) export terminal began operation in January 2005. The Suez Canal and Sumed Pipeline are strategic routes for Persian Gulf oil shipments, making Egypt an important transit corridor. Energy will continue to play an important role in Egypt's economy in coming years. Though Egypt’s net exports of crude oil and petroleum products have declined in recent years, higher prices on world markets have pushed Egypt's oil revenues upward. The country also began exports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in January 2005, adding to its hydrocarbon revenues. Additionally, Egypt's economy is continuing its gradual recovery from the declining growth rates it experienced in 2001 and 2002, but with a growth rate still far below what was achieved in the 1990s. The country's real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew 4.9 percent in 2005, after achieving real growth of 3.6 percent in 2004. Real GDP growth is forecast at 5.7 percent for 2006.
Remittances from Egyptian workers in the Persian Gulf region have
risen with higher oil prices, and tourism has recovered to near
pre-September 2001 levels. In a normal year, tourism revenues
account for about 5 percent of Egypt's GDP, and are among the
country's five main sources of hard currency inflows (the others
being remittances from Egyptian workers abroad, hydrocarbons
exports, Suez Canal tolls, and foreign aid). Over the long term,
Egypt's macroeconomic prospects may improve, but Egypt's main
challenge is reducing unemployment. Unofficial estimates put Egypt's
unemployment rate in the 15-25 percent range, roughly twice the
official figure. The government plans to accelerate its program for
the privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), though to date,
the privatization program has moved slowly because of large SOE debt
and severe overstaffing.
EIA - Country Information on Egypt Environmental Issues in Egypt [html] - An extensive discussion of air pollution, energy intensities, carbon emissions, and renewable energy. World Oil Transit "Chokepoints" Fact Sheet - Suez Canal/Sumed Pipeline [html] - Information on a major world oil transit center known as a "chokepoint" due to its potential for closure. Disruption of oil flows through this export route could have a significant impact on world oil prices. Full Report. Egypt
Economic Bulletin Egypt - Oil and
Gas: Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction
Description Egypt produced an average of about 594,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) of crude oil in 2004, down sharply from its peak of 922,000 bbl/d in 1996, but only modestly below the 618,000 bbl/d produced in 2003. Demand for petroleum products has been relatively flat since 1999, after rapid growth between 1995 and 1998. This is due largely to reductions in subsidies for petroleum products consumption and the increased use of compressed natural gas (CNG) as a fuel for motor vehicles. Egypt is hoping that exploration activity, particularly in new areas, will discover sufficient oil in coming years slow the decline in output. Egyptian oil production comes from four main areas: the Gulf of Suez (about 50 percent), the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, and the Sinai Peninsula. Increased production of natural gas liquids, which averaged 114,000 bbl/d in 2004, also has offset some of the decline in crude oil production. Oil from the Gulf of Suez basin is produced mainly by Gupco (Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company) under a Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) between BP and the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC). Production in the Gupco fields, with most wells in operation since the 1960s and 1970s, has fallen in recent years. Gupco is attempting to slow the natural decline in its fields through significant investments in enhanced oil recovery as well as increased exploration. Egypt's second largest oil producer is Petrobel, which is a joint venture between EGPC and Agip of Italy. Petrobel operates the Belayim fields near the Gulf of Suez and also is undertaking an upgrade program to stem declining production. Other major companies in the Egyptian oil industry include Badr el-Din Petroleum Company (EGPC and Shell); Suez Oil Company (EGPC and Deminex); and El Zaafarana Oil Company (EGPC and British Gas -- BG). A new oil find was reported in October 2001 in the Gulf of Suez. Canada's Cabre Exploration reported a drilling success in the offshore East Zeit block which tested at around 8,000 bbl/d. A larger new find, which may prove to attenuate the fall in overall Gulf of Suez production, was announced by BP in May 2003. The Saqqara field, located offshore adjacent to the existing El-Morgan field, is expected to reach peak production of around 40,000 to 50,000 bbl/d, and begin commercial production in late 2005 or early 2006. Saqqara represents the largest new crude oil discovery in Egypt since 1989. Offshore oil production possibilities in the Mediterranean are beginning to be explored. The largest concession awarded went to Shell, in February 1999, for a large deepwater area off Egypt's Mediterranean coast. BP and TotalFinaElf also were awarded a large offshore block from the same bidding round. A smaller offshore concession was awarded to Italy's ENI-Agip. While most discoveries offshore from the Nile Delta have been natural gas, it is believed that there may also be significant quantities of oil in the area. Shell reportedly is optimistic about the prospects for its North East Mediterranean Deepwater (NEMED) concession, but drilling so far has yielded natural gas rather than significant quantities of oil. EGPC awarded five exploration contracts in July 2004 to a newly-formed state-owned upstream oil firm, Tharwa Oil. Four of the five concessions cover unexplored areas of the Western Desert, with the fifth covering an offshore block in the Mediterranean. Burren Energy of the UK also was awarded two blocks in the Gulf of Suez under the 2004 licensing round, which closed in January 2005. Other awards under the 2004 licensing round are still pending. In April 2005 Melrose Resources reported that the Egyptian Parliament has confirmed a six-year extension to the El Mansoura Concession. The extension will be for two additional three-year exploration periods from the expiration date of the current exploration concession in June 2006. The further reported Two step out wells have been drilled on the South Batra Field. The South Batra No.19 was drilled to the Miocene Abu Madi and successfully encountered the reservoir section. In May 2005 BP Egypt announced it had extended two concessions in the Gulf of Suez: the Merged Concession Agreement (MCA) and South Gharib. Extension of the MCA and South Gharib concessions with modified terms for BP will extend the life of the existing oil fields, maximize the recovery of the remaining reserves in these two concessions and provide a foundation for growth through future exploration. The agreements enable BP to continue investing in these concessions and commit it to invest at least $615 million over 7 years in exploration and development activities, as well as renewing and upgrading the existing facilities and infrastructure across the Gulf of Suez. Operations in these two concessions are conducted by Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company (GUPCO), which is a 50/50 joint venture between BP and Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC), and the agreements create new opportunities for the development of GUPCO. In addition to its role as an oil exporter, Egypt has strategic importance because of its operation of the Suez Canal and Sumed (Suez-Mediterranean) Pipeline, two routes for export of Persian Gulf oil. The SCA offers a 35 percent discount to liquefied natural gas (LNG) tankers, with even deeper discounts for the largest LNG tankers, as well as other discounts for oil tankers. The SCA is continuing enhancement and enlargement projects on the canal. The canal has been deepened so that it can accept the world's largest bulk carriers, but it will need to be deepened further to 68 or 70 feet, from the current 58 feet, to accommodate fully laden very large crude carriers (VLCCs). The SCA has attempted to reach an agreement with its main competition for northbound crude traffic, the Sumed pipeline. Such an agreement could bar any tanker small enough to traverse the canal from transporting oil through the pipeline. The SCA offers incentives for tankers to off-load a portion of its cargo through the Sumed, allowing for passage through the canal, and reloading at the other end of the pipeline. The Sumed pipeline is an alternative to the Suez Canal for transporting oil from the Persian Gulf region to the Mediterranean. The 200-mile pipeline runs from Ain Sukhna on the Gulf of Suez to Sidi Kerir on the Mediterranean. The Sumed's original capacity was 1.6 million bbl/d, but with completion of additional pumping stations, capacity has increased to 2.5 million bbl/d. The pipeline is owned by the Arab Petroleum Pipeline Company (APP), a joint venture between Egypt (50 percent), Saudi Arabia (15 percent), Kuwait (15 percent), the U.A.E. (15 percent), and Qatar (5 percent). The APP also has been increasing storage capacity at the Ain Sukhna and Sidi Kerir terminals. Organizations Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC) Corporate Profile EGPC is the first economic corporation constituted in Egypt according to the Law no. 135 of 1956 under the name of "The General Corporation of Petroleum Affairs" subjoined to the Ministry of Industry; having its legal personality. The corporation establishment law was amended by the Law no. 332 for the year 1956 at 10/9/1956 to be under the auspices of the Ministry of Industry. In 1976, the Law no. 20 of 1976 was issued to establish "The Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation" (EGPC) EGPC working as a holding corporation owns 12 public sector companies, sharing in 58-petroleum companies with foreign partners. EGPC and its companies sharing in 39 companies with a total paid capital of $938 million and 2.6 billion Egyptian pound. Products/Services overview Petroleum agreements, Exploration, Crude oil & Natural Gases Production, Refining & Processing, Local consumption, Petroleum Projects, Petroleum & Environment and Training & Manpower. The Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company (GUPCO) International joint venture An industry leader and one of the largest oil and gas operations in the entire region. Since the 1960s, GUPCO has been at the heart of our operations in the Gulf of Suez, the Western Desert and, more recently, the Nile Delta. It has many locations for production (ras/shoikeir,
west desert, dahshour and happi). And the adminstration
at cairo. Bp is the foreign sharing company
Find out about the History of Shelll in Egypt. Engineering for the Petroleum & Process Industries, Enppi, was established on January 15, 1978 and is currently working under Egyptian Investment Law 8 for 1997, with a paid capital of 30 million US Dollars. The Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation, EGPC, is the principal shareholder owning 97% of the total shares of Enppi. Enppi provides full integrated engineering, procurement, construction and project management services for the petroleum, petrochemicals, power and other related industries. Enppi is recognized as a major engineering and management contractor,
with a proven track record in the field of oil & gas for both onshore
and offshore projects. To date, over 496 major projects and 16 million
manhours of professional services have been completed for oil and gas,
refining, petrochemical and general industry Projects.
IEOC Company Apache Corporation Devon Energy Corporation International Power plc Merlon International ECS Group Gaz de France RWE AG Melrose Resources Groundstar Resources Ltd Drexel Oilfield Equipment [Egypt] Drexel Oilfield Equipment was initiated in Egypt
in 1976 and acquired by its current shareholders in 1994. In 1998 with
the shareholder’s formation of Sahara Projects & Investments
Corporation, Drexel became a subsidiary of the holding company and part
of Sahara Group. Drexel has a current capital investment of over 350,000
USD with assets of nearly 1 Million USD and an average annual turnover
of 24 Million USD. Over 25 years of experience in connecting
international Oil & Gas Industry Suppliers with Local Demand. Drexel has
been providing Egyptian Region Oil & Gas Projects with comprehensive
Project Management and Planning in addition to Support and Logistical
Services; By leaving the project facilitation and implementation to
Drexel, Principals, Customers and EPICs can focus on the core of their
contracted work without being side-tracked. Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company Egyptian LNG is a company founded and sponsored by British Gas Asia Pacific Holdings Pte Limited (BG), the Malaysian National Oil Company (Petronas), the Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS) and the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC). The company operates a $2 billion, two-train liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant on approximately 165 hectares of land located some 3 kilometers from Idku and 40 kilometers east of Alexandria on the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. The Egyptian Petrochemicals Holding Company (Echem)
Apache Oil Egypt Inc, BP Egypt, BP Exploration and Production (Egypt), Egyptian Natural Gas Company, Red Sea Petroleum Ltd, Scimitar Production Egypt Limited, Tamoil Misr Company S.A.E. Facilities Abu el Gharadiq, Abu El Gharadiq N, Abu El Gharadiq NE, Abu Rudais,
Aghar, Amal, Aman, Amerya Refinery, Amoun, ASL, Asran, Assyout Oil
Refinery, Badr el Din, Badri, Bardy, Bed, Behar NE, Belayim Land,
Belayim Marine, Dorra Participating Organizations Eni Eni, through its representative, International Egyptian Oil Company (IEOC), is Egypt's second largest oil producer.
Egyptian Ministry of Petroleum
|
