สรุปภาษาเควนยา

กลับหน้าหลัก ( หลักภาษาเควนยา   สรุปภาษาเควนยา   ศัพท์ภาษาเควนยา )


ตารางการผันคำศัพท์

สัญลักษณ์ที่ใช้

กรณีของคำนาม
Case SingularDual PluralPt. Plural
Norm.Spcl. Norm.Spcl. Norm.Spcl. Norm.Spcl.
Nominative -  -t-(t, nd)u -i-(a,e,i,o,u)r -li 
Accusative --(a,e,i,o,u)+ --(u)+ -i  -lí 
Dative (to, for) -n  -nt-(u)en -in  -lin 
Genitive
(of)
-o-(a*)o -to  -on  -lion 
Possesive
('s)
-wa-(a,e,i,o,u)va -twa  -iva  -líva 
Locative
(at, in)
-essë-(a,e,i,o,u)ssë -tsë  -issen-(a,e,i,o,u)ssen -lissen 
Allative
(to, upon)
-enna-(a,e,i,o,u)nna -nta  -innar-(a,e,i,o,u)nnar -linnar 
Ablative
(from, out of)
-ello-(a,e,i,o,u)llo -lto  -illon-(a,e,i,o,u)llon -lillon 
Instrumental
(by, with)
-enen-(a,e,i,o,u)nen -nten  -inen  -línen 

การผันกริยา
Case Basic StemA-Stem
SingularPlural SingularPlural
Norm.Spcl. Norm.Spcl. Norm.Spcl. Norm.Spcl.
Aorist   -ir  -(a)  -(a)r 
Present #+-a  #+-ar  #+-(a*)ëa  #+-(a*)ëar 
Past -në-(p*)mpë, -(t*)ntë,
-(c*)ncë, -(l)lë
-ner-(p*)mper, -(t*)nter,
-(c*)ncer, -(l)ler
-(a)në  -(a)ner 
Perfect ^#+-ië  ^#+-ier  ^#+-(a*)ië  ^#+-(a*)ier 
Future -uva  -uvar  -(a*)uva  -(a*)uvar 
Gerund -ita  -itar  -(a)  -(a)r 
Dative Gerund -ië  -ier  -(a*,ya*)ië  -(a*,ya*)ier 
Imperative á -  á -  á -(a)  á -(a) 
Present Pt. -ila-(r)la, -(l)ala -ila-(r)la, -(l)ala -(a)la  -(a)la 
Past Pt. -ina-(r)na, -(l)da -inar-(r)nar, -(l)dar -(a)na  -(a)nar 

คำคุณศัพท์
Case SingularPlural
Norm.Spcl. Norm.Spcl.
Adjective -  -i -(a*)ë, -(ë*)i, -(ëa*)i&ë, -(i,o,u)r

คำสรรพนาม
PronounPossesiveInd. Pronoun
EngQuenyaEngQuenyaEngQuenya
I, Me -n, -nyë My -nya Me ni, inyë
You (court.)-l, -lyë Your -lya You lë, elyë
You (fam.)-ccë Your -cca You etyë
He, Him -ro His -rya Him so
She, Her -rë Her -rya Her
It -s, -t Its -rya It ta
We, Us (excl.)-mmë Our -mma Us
We, Us (incl.)-lmë Our -lma
We, Us (dual)-lvë Our -lva, -lwa Us met
They, Them -ntë Their -nta Them

คำแทน
  QueryThisThat SomeEvery
  EngQuenyaEngQuenyaEngQuenya EngQuenyaEngQuenya
Adjective whichman thissi thatta some? every?
Person whoman thissi thatenta someonener everyoneoiner
Thing whatman thissi thatta something? everythingoi
Place wheremammen heresinomë thereímen somewhere? everywhere?
Time wheníre ? now thentárë ? sometime? alwaysoialë


ตัวอย่างประโยค

ต่อไปนี้เป็นตัวอย่างการแต่งประโยค จากกฏเกณฑ์ที่ได้อ่านมาทั้งหมด เวลาดูตัวอย่าง ก็ให้ลองดู เพจคำศัพท์เควนยา ประกอบไปด้วย ตัวอย่างเหล่านี้ ผู้เขียนเป็นผู้แต่งเองทั้งหมดนะครับ โดยที่ไม่ทราบเหมือนกันว่า ถูกผิดประการใด (แต่งเอามัน) แต่ก็น่าจะช่วยให้ผู้อ่านเข้าใจหลักการต่าง ๆ ได้มากขึ้น เรื่องของหลักการเรียงประโยค ก็ยังไม่ทราบแน่ชัด อาศัยความรู้สึกเอา ก็ลองอ่านดูครับ มีคำแนะนำประการใดก็ส่งเมล์มาได้

หมายเหตุเกี่ยวกับชื่อเฉพาะ
ชื่อเฉพาะบางชื่อ ที่ได้นำมาใช้ในการแต่งประโยค บางคำก็เป็นภาษาอื่นที่ไม่ใช่ภาษาเควนยา และบางคำก็ไม่สามารถออกเสียง หรือทำการผันคำได้แบบภาษาเควนยา ผู้เขียนจึงจำเป็นต้องปรับเปลี่ยนชื่อเฉพาะให้เป็นภาษาเควนยา แต่ผู้เขียนเองก็ไม่ทราบว่าคำ ๆ นั้นภาษาเควนยาจริง ๆ เรียกว่าอะไร จึงได้เมคขึ้นมาเอง (หรือเรียกว่า มั่วแบบมีหลักการ) ได้แก่คำต่อไปนี้

Wantan = I walk
Wantal = You walk
Wantaro = He walks
Wantarë = She walks
Laiqolassë wanta = Legolas walks
Wantalmë = We walk
Wantantë = They walk
Periani wantar = Hobbits walk
Wantëan = I am walking
Wantëal = You are walking
Wantëaro = He is walking
Wantëarë = She is walking
Laiqolassë wantëa = Legolas is walking
Wantëalmë = We are walking
Wantëantë = They are walking
Periani wantëar = Hobbits are walking
Wantanen = I walked
Wantanel = You walked
Wantanero = He walked
Wantanerë = She walked
Laiqolassë wantanë = Legolas walked
Wantanelmë = We walked
Wantanentë = They walked
Periani wantaner = Hobbits walked
Wantuvan = I will walk
Wantuval = You will walk
Wantuvaro = He will walk
Wantuvarë = She will walk
Laiqolassë wantuva = Legolas will walk
Wantuvalmë = We will walk
WantuWantë = They will walk
Periani wantuvar = Hobbits will walk
Tulin = I come
Túlan = I am coming
Tullen = I came
Utúlien = I have come
Tuluvan = I will come
Laiqolassë tulë = Legolas comes
Laiqolassë túla = Legolas is coming
Laiqolassë tullë = Legolas came
Laiqolassë utúlië = Legolas has come
Laiqolassë tuluva = Legolas will come
Tulintë = They come
Túlantë = They are coming
Tullentë = They came
Utúlientë = They have come
Tuluvantë = They will come
Periani tulir = Hobbits come
Periani túlar = Hobbits are coming
Periani tuller = Hobbits came
Periani utúlier = Hobbits have come
Periani tuluvar = Hobbits will come
Haryan culumar = I have oranges
Mátan culumar = I eat oranges
Cénan culumar = I see oranges
Ecénien culumar = I have seen oranges
Umecénien kú = I have never seen bow
Umharyan kú = I don't have bow
Laiqolassë harya kú = Legolas has a bow
Laiqolassë lunga i kú = Legolas bends the bow
Laiqolassë ecénie culumar = Legolas has seen oranges
Er Laiqolassë umharya culuma = But Legolas doesn't have orange
Antan Laiqolassen culuma = I give an orange to Legolas
Laiqolassë anta nin mastarya = Legolas gives me his bread
Mélan masta Laiqolasseva = I like Legolas's bread
Laiqolassë méla culumanya = Legolas likes my orange
Mélan culumar ar masta = I like oranges and bread
Mélan matita = I like eating
Laiqolassë onin mélar matita = Legolas and I like eating
Ar Laiqolassë méla lirë = And Legolas loves to sing
Liruvaro= He will sing
Koiwuvaro= He will awake
Ananta nu mórë koiwuvaro= He will yet awake under night
Rimbavë er liruvaro= He will often singing alone
Ananta nu mórë rimbavë koiwuva ar er liruvaro = He will often stay awake at night and singing alone
Laiqolassë ná i cundu Taureleoyelosseo = Legolas is the prince of Mirkwood
Taureleoyelossessë omentanen Laiqolassë = I met Legolas at Mirkwood
Laiqolassë omentanë i Periani Imbilatrissessë = Legolas met the Hobbits at Rivendell
Nertë mellon lenduvar Hyarmenenna = Nine of us will go to the south
Lenduvalmë ana Hyarmen = We will go to the south
Ana Hyarmen lenduvalmë wantarinen = We will go to the south by walking
Haryalmë minë rocco i kola natilma = We have one horse to carry our stuffs


ตัวอย่างจริงจากหนังสือ

ลองมาดูประโยคภาษาเควนยาจริง ๆ จากในหนังสือดูกันบ้าง

ดวงดาวทอแสงยามเราพบกัน
ประโยคนี้โฟรโด พูดเป็นภาษาเควนยาเอาใจกิลดอร์ พรายตนแรกที่เหล่าฮอบบิทเจอในการเดินทาง

Elen síla lúmenn' omentielvo
A star shines at the hour of our meeting

ลองมาวิเคราะห์กันแบบชัด ๆ คำต่อคำดูนะครับ ได้แสดงไว้ให้ดูด้วยสี

Elen síla lúmenn' omentielvo
A star shines at the hour of our meeting
elen = star sil- = shine lúmë = hour omentie = meeting

นามาริเอ
ลำนำภาษาเควนยาที่เลื่องลือที่สุดในเรื่อง Lord of the Rings คือบท นามาริเอ ที่ท่านหญิงกาลาดริเอล ขับลำนำลาคณะเดินทางแห่งแหวนที่ลอริเอน

Ai! laurië lantar lassi súrinen,
Ah! like gold fall the leaves in the wind,
yéni únótimë ve rámar aldaron!
long years numberless as the wings of trees!
Yéni ve lintë yuldar avánier
The long years have passed like swift draughts
mi oromardi lissë-miruvóreva
of the sweet mead in lofty halls
Andúnë pella, Vardo tellumar
beyond the West, beneath the blue vaults of Varda
nu luini yassen tintilar i eleni
wherein the stars tremble
ómaryo airetári-lírinen.
in the voice of her song, holy and queenly.

Sí man i yulma nin enquantuva?
Who now shall refill the cup for me?

An sí Tintallë Varda Oiolossëo
For now the Kindler, Varda, the Queen of the stars,
ve fanyar máryat Elentári ortanë
from Mount Everwhite has uplifted her hands like clouds
ar ilyë tier undulávë lumbulë
and all paths are drowned deep in shadow;
ar sindanóriello caita mornië
and out of a grey country darkness lies
i falmalinnar imbë met,
on the foaming waves between us,
ar hísië untúpa Calaciryo míri oialë.
and mist covers the jewels of Calacirya for ever.
Sí vanwa ná, Rómello vanwa, Valimar!
Now lost, lost to those of the East is Valimar!
Namárië! Nai hiruvalyë Valimar!
Farewell! Maybe thou shalt find Valimar!
Nai elyë hiruva! Namárië!
Maybe even thou shalt find it! Farewell!

และมาวิเคราะห์กันแบบชัด ๆ คำต่อคำ ทีละบรรทัดเลยครับ

Ai! laurië lantar lassi súrinen,
Ah! like gold fall the leaves in the wind,
laurëa = golden lanta- = fall lassë = leaf súrë = wind

yéni únótimë ve rámar aldaron!
long years numberless as the wings of trees!
yén = Elvish century nótimë = countable ráma = wing alda = tree

Yéni ve lintë yuldar avánier
The long years have passed like swift draughts
linta = swift yulda = draught auta- = pass Special case? avánie- = have pass

mi oromardi lissë-miruvóreva
of the sweet mead in lofty halls
oro- = high mardë = hall lissë = sweet miruvórë = mead

Andúnë pella,
beyond the West,
andúnë = sunset pella = beyond (postposition)

Vardo tellumar nu luini yassen tintilar i eleni
beneath the blue vaults of Varda wherein the stars tremble
telluma = vault nu = under luin = blue ya = which tintila- = twinkle elen = star

ómaryo airetári-lírinen.
in the holy and queenly song of her voice.
(in the voice of her song, holy and queenly.)
óma = voice airë = holy tári = queen lírë = song

man i yulma nin enquantuva?
Who now shall refill the cup for me?
= now man = who yulma = cup quanta- = fill

An sí Tintallë Varda Oiolossëo
For now the Kindler, Varda, of the Everwhite,
ve fanyar ryat Elentári orta
like clouds, uplifted her hands, Queen of the stars
(For now the Kindler, Varda, the Queen of the stars,
from Mount Everwhite has uplifted her hands like clouds)
an = for tinta- = kindle oio- = ever lossë = (snow) white fanya = cloud = hand orta- = rise

ar ilyë tier undulávë lumbulë
and all paths are drowned deep in shadow;
ilya = all tië = path undu = down lava- = lick undulava- = drown Passive voice? undulávë- = are drowned lumbulë = shadow

ar sindanóriello caita mornië
and out of a grey country darkness lies
sinda = grey nórië = country caita- = lie mornië = darkness

i falmalinnar imbë met,
on the foaming waves between us,
falma = wave imbë = between met = us

ar hísië untúpa Calaciryo míri oialë.
and mist covers the jewels of Calacirya for ever.
hísië = mist untúpa- = cover mírë = jewel oialë = forever

vanwa , Rómello vanwa, Valimar!
Now be gone, gone from the East, Valimar!
(Now lost, lost to those of the East is Valimar!)
vanwa = gone na- = be Rómen = East

Namárië! Nai hiruvalyë Valimar!
Farewell! Maybe thou shalt find Valimar!
namárië = farewell nai = may hir- = find elyë = you, thou

Nai elyë hiruva! Namárië!
May thou shalt find! Farewell!
(Maybe even thou shalt find it! Farewell!)