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Collaborative Planning Process
by
Taichi Goto
(May 1996)

Public and Private Partnership, which encompasses the traditional idea of citizen participation, is fundamental in recent city planning at major American cities. It is commonly led by governmental and/or non-profit sectors to make a project fruitful for communities. In contrast, most urban and suburban developments in Japan have been driven by speculative private investment with an over-emphasis on economic aspects. There always has been a crucial lack of users' viewpoint. Having observed the grass-root community rebuilding in Kobe area following the Hanshin earthquake, I become sure it is necessary to bring an opinion of citizens and communities into the planning process and, consequently, to the environmental design in Japan. There are a lot of lessons for Japan in the American citizen participation process.

Every single project with a certain impact upon the surroundings, ideally speaking, should be implemented under the authority of a city government. However, most city governments in Japan are asking for private companies (not always planning consultants, but more often private developers) to lead a project to implementation. This is because of their insufficient capability in dealing with sound planning process: limited financing resources, lack of skillful staffs and, most importantly, little enforcement in the Japan's planning law system. Inherently, private developers do develop for profit and therefore it is unlikely that they pursuit public benefit in a true sense. In a long run, Japan's city governments should develop their expertise in leading planning process. However, a more realistic solution in a short-run would be to hire a professional planning consultant for managing a project by coordinating various stakeholders, which I call "Collaborative Planning Process."

My long-term professional goal is to be a planning consultant working in a private sector and mostly hired by city governments, who leads Collaborative Planning Process to build livable environment in Japan. (I have special attachment to Tokyo, where I had lived for more than 25 years ever since I was born.) During two-year study at Berkeley, I would like to explore how these steps can, or cannot, improve the quality of physical environment using mostly American cases.

END

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