Husband Earl of Cumberland Henry Clifford
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Margaret Percy
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Lady Catherine Clifford
Born: Abt 1513 - Whitby, , Essex, England
Christened:
Died: 1598
Buried:
Spouse: Lord John Le Scrope
Husband Gaius Octavian Julius Caesar
Born: 23 Sep 0063
Christened:
Died: 8-19-14
Buried:
Father: Caius Octavius
Mother: Atia of Rome
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Scribonia of Rome
Other Spouse: Livia Drusilla
Wife Clodia Pulcher
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
General Notes (Husband)
Augustus (63 bc- ad 14), first emperor of Rome (27 bc-ad 14), who restored unity and orderly government to the realm after nearly a century of civil wars. He presided over an era of peace, prosperity, and cultural achievement known as the Augustan Age.
Augustus was born Gaius Octavius and granted the title of Augustus by the Roman Senate, becoming the first emperor of Rome. The adopted son of Julius Caesar, he became consul after Caesar's assassination. Augustus consolidated his power with the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium. As emperor, he instituted social reforms and encouraged education, art and literature.
Originally named Gaius Octavius, Augustus was born in Rome on September 23, 63 bc; he was the grandnephew of Julius Caesar, whom he succeeded as ruler of the Roman state. Caesar was fond of the youth and had him raised to the College of Pontifices\emdash a major Roman priesthood\emdash at the age of 16. When Caesar was assassinated in 44 bc, Octavius was in Illyria, where he had been sent to serve; returning to Italy, he learned that he was Caesar's adopted heir. He consequently took the name Gaius Julius Caesar, to which historians have added Octavianus; in English, the name is usually shortened to Octavian.
II THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE
GREAT WORKS OF LITERATURE
Tacitus: From The Annals of Imperial Rome
Cornelius Tacitus was a Roman historian who drew upon fact, rhetoric, psychology, and art in crafting The Annals of Imperial Rome. Only part of the original work has survived, but it represents the most complete literary record available about Rome from just before the death of Augustus, the first emperor, in AD 14 to the death of Nero, the fifth emperor, in AD 68. Although Tacitus claimed to be scrupulously impartial, he was easily roused to indignation, as demonstrated by these passages dealing with Augustus's reign and Nero's conspiracy to murder his mother, Agrippina.
Caesar's assassination plunged Rome into turmoil. Octavian, determined to avenge his adoptive father and secure his own place, vied with Mark Antony, Caesar's ambitious colleague, for power and honor. After some preliminary skirmishes, both political and military, during which Antony was driven across the Alps while Octavian was made senator and then consul, Octavian recognized the necessity of making peace with his rival. In late 43 bc, therefore, the two\emdash joined by Antony's ally, the general Marcus Aemilius Lepidus\emdash met and formed the Second Triumvirate to rule the Roman domains. The alliance was sealed by a massive proscription, in which 300 senators and 200 knights\emdash the triumvirs' enemies\emdash were slain. Among those killed was the aging orator Cicero.
Octavian and Antony next took the field against the leaders of Caesar's assassins, Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus, both of whom committed suicide in 42 bc, after being defeated at Philippi in Macedonia. By 40 bc the triumvirs had divided the Roman world among them. Octavian was in control of most of the western provinces and Antony of the eastern ones; Lepidus was given Africa. Although Antony and Octavian clashed over the control of Italy, they patched up their differences, and Octavian gave Antony his sister, Octavia, in marriage. In 36 BC, Sextus Pompeius, son of Pompey the Great and the last major enemy of the triumvirs, was eliminated. Octavian then forced Lepidus from power, while Antony was in the east fighting the Parthians.
The triumvirate was now breaking up. Having sent Octavia back to Rome, Antony soon married Cleopatra, whom Caesar had installed as queen of Egypt, and recognized Caesarion, her son by Caesar, as her coruler. This undercut Octavian's position as the only son of Caesar, and war was inevitable. He defeated Antony and Cleopatra's forces in a naval battle off Actium in 31 bc; they both killed themselves the following year. Caesarion was murdered. In 29 bc Octavian returned to Rome in triumph, at age 34 the sole master of the Roman world.
III THE FIRST CITIZEN
In 27 bc the Roman Senate gave Octavian the title Augustus ("consecrated," or "holy") by which he is known, and his reign has often been considered a dyarchy because of the Senate's participation in it. The Senate bestowed on him a host of other titles and powers that had been held by many different officials in the Republic. In 36 bc he had been given the inviolability of the plebeian tribune, and in 30 bc he also received the tribunician power, which gave him the veto and control over the assemblies. In addition, the Senate granted him ultimate authority in the provinces; together with the consulship, which he held 13 times during his reign and which gave him control of Rome and Italy, this vested in him paramount authority throughout the empire. After the death of Lepidus he also became Pontifex Maximus ("chief priest") with the consequent control of religion. The summation of his powers was the title princeps, or first citizen. Despite all this, and the title imperator (from which "emperor" is derived), Augustus was always careful not to take on the trappings of monarchy. In fact, he made much of the claim that he was restoring the Roman Republic.
A patron of the arts, Augustus was a friend of the poets Ovid, Horace, and Virgil, as well as the historian Livy. His love for architectural splendor was summed up in his boast that he "had found Rome brick and left it marble." As a straitlaced adherent of Roman virtues in times of growing permissiveness, he attempted moral legislation that included sumptuary and marriage laws. In the economic field, he tried to restore agriculture in Italy.
Augustus' third wife was Livia Drusilla, who had two sons, Tiberius and Drusus Germanicus, by a previous marriage. Augustus, in turn, had a daughter, Julia, by a previous wife. His heirs, however, died, one after another, leaving his stepson and son-in-law, Tiberius, to succeed him when he died at Nola on August 19, ad 14.
IV EVALUATION
Both ancient and modern writers have been ambivalent about Augustus. Some have condemned his ruthless quest for power, especially his part in the proscription at the time of the triumvirate. Others, even such a Republican diehard as Tacitus, have admitted his good points as a ruler. Modern scholars sometimes criticize his unscrupulous methods and compare him to 20th-century authoritarians, but they usually recognize his genuine achievements.
Husband Clodius V
Born: 310
Christened:
Died: 389
Buried:
Father: Theodomir
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
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Died:
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Children
1 M Dagobert
Born: 325
Christened:
Died: 389
Buried:
Husband Clovis I (The Great) Franks
Born: 467 - Rheims, Marne, Loire-Atlantique, France
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Noted events in his life were:
• Baptism
Baptised on December 25th, 0496 in Reims, Neustria.
Wife Clotilde de Bourgogne
Born: 475 - Bougogne France
Christened:
Died: 3 Jun 548 - Tours, France
Buried:
Father: Chilperic II Burgundy
Mother: Agrippine de Bourgogne
Children
1 M Chlotar I (The Old) Franks
Born: 497 - Reims, Neustria
Christened:
Died: 23 Nov 561 - Braines, France
Buried: - Abbaye De St Maedard, Soissons, France
Spouse: Radegonde (Ingunde) Thuringian de Ingonde
Marr: 517 - France
General Notes (Wife)
# Note:
d. 545, Frankish queen. She converted her husband, Clovis I, to Christianity and built with him in Paris the Church of the Apostles Peter and Paul, later renamed (10th cent.) Sainte-Geneviève. After her husband's death she spent her life caring for the poor. Feast: June 3.
# Note: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.
Husband Benjamin Cobb
Born: Abt 1702 - Surry, Virginia
Christened:
Died: Abt 1794 - Jonesboro, Washington, Tennessee
Buried:
Father: Joseph Cobb
Mother: Susanna Braswell
Marriage: Abt 1735 - Virginia, USA 1
Other Spouse: Elizabeth Mrs Mary Elizabeth Tobie 1 - 1720 - Isle Of Wight County, Virginia, USA
Wife Mrs Benjamin Cobb 1
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
General Notes (Husband)
1. Benjamin Cobb and two of his sons, William and Pharoah are said to have followed Henry Massengill to the Watauga Valley
Husband Benjamin Cobb
Born: Abt 1702 - Surry, Virginia
Christened:
Died: Abt 1794 - Jonesboro, Washington, Tennessee
Buried:
Father: Joseph Cobb
Mother: Susanna Braswell
Marriage: 1720 - Isle Of Wight County, Virginia, USA
Other Spouse: Mrs Benjamin Cobb 1 - Abt 1735 - Virginia, USA 1
Wife Elizabeth Mrs Mary Elizabeth Tobie 1
Born:
Christened:
Died: - Tennessee, USA
Buried:
Children
1 M William Cobb
Born: 1723 - Isle Of Wight County, Virginia, USA 1
Christened:
Died: 1803 - Mcmillan Sta, , Knox, Tennessee 1
Buried:
Spouse: Barsheba Whitehead
Marr: Abt 1745 - Isle Of Wight County, Virginia, USA
2 F Mary Cobb 30
Born: Abt 1740 - Isle Of Wight County, Virginia, USA
Christened:
Died: 1798 - Granger, Washington, Tennessee
Buried:
AFN: 4WM1-18
Spouse: Henry Massengill 30
Marr: 1755 - Northampton, North Carolina, USA
3 M Pharoah Cobb
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
1. Benjamin Cobb and two of his sons, William and Pharoah are said to have followed Henry Massengill to the Watauga Valley
Husband Robert Cobb
Born: - Isle Of Wight County, Virginia, USA
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Pharoah Cobb
Mother: Ann Williams
Marriage:
Wife Elizabeth Cobb
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Margaret Cobb
Born:
Christened:
Died:
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Husband Joseph Cobb
Born: Abt 1588 - Amsterdam, Holland
Christened:
Died: Abt 1654 - Isle Of Wight County, Virginia, USA
Buried:
Father: Richard Cobb
Mother: Sybil Sheets
Marriage: Abt 1609 - England
Wife Elizabeth Flinton
Born: Abt 1589 - England
Christened:
Died: 1671 - Nansemond County, Virginia, USA
Buried:
Father: Pharoah (Farrar) Flinton
Mother: Joane
Children
1 M Joseph Cobbs
Born: Abt 1610 - Amsterdam, Holland
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
2 M Benjamin Cobbs
Born: Abt 1611 - Amsterdam, Holland
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
3 M Pharoah Cobb
Born: Abt 1629 - Isle Of Wight County, Virginia, USA
Christened:
Died: Abt 1701 - Isle Of Wight County, Virginia, USA
Buried:
Spouse: Ann Williams
Marr: Bef 1663 - Isle Of Wight County, Virginia, USA
4 F Elizabeth Cobbs
Born: Abt 1626 - Isle Of Wight County, Virginia, USA
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
5 M Nicholas Cobb
Born: 1611 - Isle Of Wight County, Virginia, USA
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
1. In 1613 arrived in the Jamestown settlement in Virginia on the London Company ship, Treasurer. Settled on land east of the James River. He returned to England and then back to Virginia to prepare for the arrival of his family. His wife, Elizabeth Flinton, and their sons, Benjamin and Joseph, arrived in Virginia in 1625 on the Bonnie Bess. Elizabeth was the sister of a colonial physician named Pharoah Flinton. Pharoah Cobb, who was born sometime before 1641, was named for him. Joseph Cobb was granted 400 acres in Isle of Wight County, Virginia. His Will was executed in 1654, and is probated in Isle of Wight County Will Book A, page 520.
2. Joseph Cobb was classified as "a gentleman, entitled by rank to wear a sword and trained by experience to use one."
Husband Henry Massengill 30
Born: Abt 1735 - Watauga, Northampton, North Carolina, USA
Christened:
Died: Abt 1800 - Granger, Washington, Tennessee
Buried:
AFN: 4WM1-03
Father: James Massengill 30
Mother: Judith O. O. 30,31
Marriage: 1755 - Northampton, North Carolina, USA
Wife Mary Cobb 30
Born: Abt 1740 - Isle Of Wight County, Virginia, USA
Christened:
Died: 1798 - Granger, Washington, Tennessee
Buried:
AFN: 4WM1-18
Father: Benjamin Cobb
Mother: Elizabeth Mrs Mary Elizabeth Tobie 1
Children
1 M Michael Massengale 30
Born: 1 Mar 1756 - Northampton, North Carolina, USA
Christened:
Died: Oct 1834 - Grainger County, Tennessee, USA
Buried:
AFN: QHL1-LV
Spouse: Dorcus Stone
Marr: Abt 1779
2 M Henry Massengale Jr.
AKA: Hal
Born: 17 Oct 1758 - South Hampton County, North Carolina, USA
Christened:
Died: 23 Sep 1837 - Sullivan County, Tennessee, USA
Buried: - Massengill Cemetary, beside Rocky Mount, Sullivan County, Tennessee
Spouse: Penelope Cobb
Marr: 1781 - Womack's Fort, North Carolina 1
Spouse: Elizabeth Emmert
Spouse: Elizabeth Emmert
Marr: 6 Aug 1814 - , Sullivan, Tennessee 1
Spouse: Mary McCorkle
3 M Solomon Massengale (Gill) 30
Born: Abt 1749 - Southampton County, Virginia
Christened:
Died: 24 Jan 1831 - Madison, Alabama
Buried:
AFN: 4WM0-XR
Spouse: Tabitha Cobb
Marr: Abt 1780
4 F Aisley Massengale 30
Born: Abt 1760 - Of Southampton, Virginia
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
AFN: 1RRP-WK2
Spouse: Thomas Booth
5 F Elizabeth Massengale 30
Born: 1761 - Watauga, Northampton, North Carolina, USA
Christened:
Died: Abt 1829 - Sevier County, Tennessee
Buried:
AFN: 3QTC-QH
Spouse: Isaac Thomas
Marr: 11 Jun 1780 - Washington, Sevier, Tennessee, USA
Spouse: Thomas Timothy
6 F Mary "Polly Ann" Massengill 30
Born: 1766 - Tennessee, USA
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
AFN: 11R6-BXS
Spouse: William Atkinson
Marr: 1 Apr 1792 - Lincoln County, North Carolina, USA
General Notes (Husband)
1. Supposedly moved to the Watauga River settlement in Tennessee in 1769.
Three sons said to have served in Revolutionary War.
2. From a written history he wrote on June 1, 1779:
I was chairman of a Committee of Safety for Watauga District served two years. I marched with Shelby against the Indians 1779. While I was away Tories came, abused my family, destroyed my property, burnt the Massengill House of Worship to the ground.
3. From a sketch written by Henry Massengill Jr. (Hal):
"Daniel Massengill came from Whitby, England, Yorkshire. Daniel Massengill was born 1624. Settled in Charles City County, Va. in 1653. His children moved to Southampton Co. Va. Henry Massengill moved to Watauga in the year 1769. Settled on the Watauga River. He was a member of the Watauga Association. He was appointed in 1775 to fill a vacancy made by Revolutionary War. He served in this position with honor. Henry Massengill served under Cols. Evan Shelby and Charles Robertson in the spring of 1779 in their campaign against the Chickamauga Indians. Gov. Patrick Henry ordered Col. Evan Shelby to raise 300 men immediately to march against the Indians. Gov. Henry issued a second order to raise 200 more men from the Watauga section. Henry Massengill Sr. marched against the Indians at Col. Shelby's command. While he was away from home in the army, Tories came and abused his family and destroyed his property. Col. Shelby and a part of his troops returned to the Long Island April 6, 1779. The others arrived a few days later. The soldiers volunteered from Va. and NC for this expedition and served without pay. A big number of horses were captured belonging to the Chickamauga and some of the soldiers rode home. Henry Massengill of Watauga served on Capt. William Edmiston's staff, Col. Charles Robertson commanding. White men engaged in this campaign were about 1000. They in a short time routed the Indians destroying their settlements all down the Cherokee river. They got much corn and many horses. Henry Massengill Sr. married Mary Cobb, sister of William Cobb. This record written by Henry Massengill Jr., this 10th day of July 1785."
4. From a second sketch written by Henry Massengill Jr.:
"Henry Massengill, Sr. and Mary Cobb had 6 children: Michael born in North Hampton Co., NC March 1, 1756. He was a member of the Regulators in Washington Co. 1778. Henry Massengill Jr. (Hal) was born in South Hampton Co. Va. October, 1758. Enlisted as a soldier of the Revolution at the age of 18. Served under Colonels Shelby, Sevier, and Cleveland. Solomon Massengill the third son, Revolutionary soldier served under Sumpter at the Blackstocks and had his right ear cut off by a British Dragoon. Three daughters Ailsey, Elizabeth and Mary.
Henry Jr. (Hal) married Penelope Cobb, daughter of William Cobb. They were married in Womack's Fort on the river, during the Indian invasion, while the Fort was surrounded by Indians. Hal Massengill enlisted in the Revolutionary army in May and served a total of 2 years and 3 months on the frontier and in NC, a private. Written by Hal Massengill this the 4th day of July 1790."
5.
General Notes (Wife)
Mary was the sister of William COBB.
Husband Henry Massengale Jr.
AKA: Hal
Born: 17 Oct 1758 - South Hampton County, North Carolina, USA
Christened:
Died: 23 Sep 1837 - Sullivan County, Tennessee, USA
Buried: - Massengill Cemetary, beside Rocky Mount, Sullivan County, Tennessee
Father: Henry Massengill 30
Mother: Mary Cobb 30
Marriage: 1781 - Womack's Fort, North Carolina 1
Other Spouse: Elizabeth Emmert
Other Spouse: Elizabeth Emmert - 6 Aug 1814 - , Sullivan, Tennessee 1
Other Spouse: Mary McCorkle
Wife Penelope Cobb
Born: 1761 - Northampton, North Carolina, USA
Christened:
Died: 1 Sep 1810 - Sullivan County, Tennessee, USA
Buried:
Father: William Cobb
Mother: Barsheba Whitehead
Children
1 M William Massengale
Born: 23 Dec 1782 - Jonesboro, Washington, Tennessee
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
2 F Susan Massengale
Born: Abt 1782 - Rocky Mount, Tennessee
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
3 M James Massengale
Born: Abt 1784 - Womack's Fort, Tennessee
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
4 F Lucretia Massengale
Born: Abt 1786 - Womack's Fort, Tennessee
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
5 F Aisley Massengale
Born: Abt 1788 - Womack's Fort, Tennessee
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
6 M Michael Massengale
Born: 10 Oct 1792 - Rocky Mount, Tennessee
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
1. From a sketch written by Henry Massengill Jr. (Hal):
"Daniel Massengill came from Whitby, England, Yorkshire. Daniel Massengill was born 1624. Settled in Charles City County, Va. in 1653. His children moved to Southampton Co. Va. Henry Massengill moved to Watauga in the year 1769. Settled on the Watauga River. He was a member of the Watauga Association. He was appointed in 1775 to fill a vacancy made by Revolutionary War. He served in this position with honor. Henry Massengill served under Cols. Evan Shelby and Charles Robertson in the spring of 1779 in their campaign against the Chickamauga Indians. Gov. Patrick Henry ordered Col. Evan Shelby to raise 300 men immediately to march against the Indians. Gov. Henry issued a second order to raise 200 more men from the Watauga section. Henry Massengill Sr. marched against the Indians at Col. Shelby's command. While he was away from home in the army, Tories came and abused his family and destroyed his property. Col. Shelby and a part of his troops returned to the Long Island April 6, 1779. The others arrived a few days later. The soldiers volunteered from Va. and NC for this expedition and served without pay. A big number of horses were captured belonging to the Chickamauga and some of the soldiers rode home. Henry Massengill of Watauga served on Capt. William Edmiston's staff, Col. Charles Robertson commanding. White men engaged in this campaign were about 1000. They in a short time routed the Indians destroying their settlements all down the Cherokee river. They got much corn and many horses. Henry Massengill Sr. married Mary Cobb, sister of William Cobb. This record written by Henry Massengill Jr., this 10th day of July 1785."
2. From a second sketch written by Henry Massengill Jr.:
"Henry Massengill, Sr. and Mary Cobb had 6 children: Michael born in North Hampton Co., NC March 1, 1756. He was a member of the Regulators in Washington Co. 1778. Henry Massengill Jr. (Hal) was born in South Hampton Co. Va. October, 1758. Enlisted as a soldier of the Revolution at the age of 18. Served under Colonels Shelby, Sevier, and Cleveland. Solomon Massengill the third son, Revolutionary soldier served under Sumpter at the Blackstocks and had his right ear cut off by a British Dragoon. Three daughters Ailsey, Elizabeth and Mary.
Henry Jr. (Hal) married Penelope Cobb, daughter of William Cobb. They were married in Womack's Fort on the river, during the Indian invasion, while the Fort was surrounded by Indians. Hal Massengill enlisted in the Revolutionary army in May and served a total of 2 years and 3 months on the frontier and in NC, a private. Written by Hal Massengill this the 4th day of July 1790."