Injecting steroids
For example, the cause of this might be that there is a promotion mechanism increasing AR mRNA production as testosterone levels fall to zero. injecting steroids Muscle gallery. That would not mean that there would be any loss as testosterone levels increase past normal. Or if it is a repression mechanism that comes into play as testosterone levels rise past zero, that mechanism might be fully saturated by the time levels reach normal, and no further repression might occur as levels go past normal. In fact, papers which report downregulation, even in their titles, often show in the actual data that the range of downregulation was entirely between zero and normal, or even zero and a subnormal level. injecting steroids Nasal steroids. Thus they give no evidence whatsoever of downregulation occurring with supraphysiological levels of androgen relative to normal levels. EstrogenTestosterone can aromatize to estrogen, which can itself lead to downregulation of the AR. Thus, if a study used testosterone but did not verify that the same results were seen with nonaromatizing androgen, or did not verify that use of an aromatase inhibitor did not change results, there is no way to know if any observed downregulation is due to androgen or not. injecting steroids Steroids law. It might be due to estrogen. AssayUnfortunately, AR concentrations are very low in cells, and mRNA is not so easily measured. It is possible for measurements to be misleading. In Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (1991) 177 488, Takeda, Nakamoto, Chang et al. determined, "Our immunostaining [for amount of ARs] and in situ hybridization data [for amount of AR mRNA] indicated that in rat and mouse prostate, androgen-withdrawal decreased both androgen receptor content and androgen receptor mRNA level, and that injection of androgen restored normal levels, a process termed 'upregulation':. However, Northern blot data of Quarmby et al. in rat prostate have shown a different result, downregulation: the amount of androgen receptor mRNA increased by androgen withdrawal and decreased below the control level after androgen stimulation. Our preliminary Northern blot data (unpublished data) also showed the same tendency, downregulation. " [emphasis added]The authors go on to explain in detail, somewhat beyond the scope of this article, why Northern blot analysis can lead to false results. The in situ hybridization method is indisputably a superior, more accurate method. Many of the studies claiming downregulation depend on Northern blot data as the sole "proof. " This study, however, shows that such measurement might be entirely wrong. In any case, regulation properly refers to control of the number of receptors.
Injecting steroids
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