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Capacity
Normal ability to produce steel in a given time period. This rating
should include maintenance requirements, but because such service is
scheduled to match the needs of the machinery (not those of the
calendar), a mill might run at more than 100% of capacity one month
and then fall well below rated capacity as maintenance is performed.
ENGINEERED CAPACITY
The theoretical volume of a mill, given its constraints of raw
material supply and normal working speed.
"TRUE" CAPACITY
Volume at full utilization, allowing for the maintenance of equipment
and reflecting current material constraints. (Bottlenecks of supply
and distribution can change over time--capacity will expand or
reduce.)
Carbon Steel
Steel that has properties made up mostly of the element carbon and
which relies on the carbon content for structure. Most of the steel
produced in the world is carbon steel.
Casing
Casing is the structural retainer for the walls of oil and gas wells,
and accounts for 75% (by weight) of OCTG shipments. Casing is used to
prevent contamination of both the surrounding water table and the well
itself. Casing lasts the life of a well and is not usually removed
when a well is closed.
Charge
The act of loading material into a vessel. For example, iron ore, coke
and limestone are charged into a Blast Furnace; a Basic Oxygen Furnace
is charged with scrap and hot metal.
Chromium (Cr)
An alloying element that is the essential stainless steel raw material
for conferring corrosion resistance. A film that naturally forms on
the surface of stainless steel self-repairs in the presence of oxygen
if the steel is damaged mechanically or chemically, and thus prevents
corrosion from occurring. |
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Circored®
WHAT A gas-based process developed by Lurgi Metallurgie in
Germany to produce DRI or HBI (see Direct Reduced Iron and Hot
Briquetted Iron).
HOW
The two-stage method yields fines with a 93% iron content. Iron ore
fines pass first through a circulating fluidized-bed reactor, and
subsequently through a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor.
Cladding
WHAT Method of applying a stainless steel coating to carbon
steel or lower-alloy steel (i.e., steel with alloying element content
below 5%).
WHY
To increase corrosion resistance at lower initial cost than exclusive
use of stainless steel.
HOW
By (1) welding stainless steel onto carbon steel, (2) pouring melted
stainless steel around a solid carbon steel slab in a mold, or (3)
placing a slab of carbon steel between two plates of stainless steel
and bonding them by rolling at high temperature on a plate mill.
Coils
Steel sheet that has been wound. A slab, once rolled in a hot-strip
mill, is more than one-quarter mile long; coils are the most efficient
way to store and transport sheet steel.
Coke
WHAT The basic fuel consumed in blast furnaces in the smelting of
iron. Coke is a processed form of coal. About 1,000 pounds of coke are
needed to process a ton of pig iron, an amount which represents more
than 50% of an integrated steel mill's total energy use.
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